By using drilling,high-precision 3 D seismic data,data of geochemistry,logging and testing,the reservoir characteristics and accumulation conditions of the KL6-1 lithologic oilfield in the Laibei Low Uplift in the Boh...By using drilling,high-precision 3 D seismic data,data of geochemistry,logging and testing,the reservoir characteristics and accumulation conditions of the KL6-1 lithologic oilfield in the Laibei Low Uplift in the Bohai Sea are examined comprehensively.The study shows that:KL6-1 oilfield is a monolithic,high-quality,large-scale Neogene lithologic oilfield featuring shallow reservoir depth,high productivity,concentrated oil-bearing intervals,large oil-bearing area,and high reserve abundance;hydrocarbon source supply from two directions provides a sufficient material basis for the formation of large oil field;two types of"inherited structural ridge"developed under the effect of block rotation,late active faults formed by Neotectonic movement,and widely distributed contiguous sand bodies provide an efficient oil and gas transportation system for the large-scale accumulation of oil and gas;contiguous channel and lacustrine lowstand system sand bodies developed in low accommodation condition provide the basic condition for the formation of large-scale lithologic traps;deep formations structural ridge,faults(dominant migration pathways)and large-scale superimposed contiguous sand bodies constitute a"vine type"oil and gas migration and accumulation system in the Laibei Low Uplift,which is conducive to the formation of large-scale and high-abundance lithologic reservoir in this area.The successful discovery of KL6-1,100 million ton reserve order lithologic oil field,has revealed the exploration potential of Neogene large lithologic reservoirs in Bohai Sea,expanded the exploration field,and also has certain reference significance for the exploration of large lithologic reservoirs in similar areas.展开更多
Scarce and scattered precipitation in arid regions is detrimental for newly planted seedlings.It is essential to provide required water storage for seedlings in restoration projects in the first year of their establis...Scarce and scattered precipitation in arid regions is detrimental for newly planted seedlings.It is essential to provide required water storage for seedlings in restoration projects in the first year of their establishment.The subsurface irrigation can be much more effective than the surface irrigation because of the regulation of water availability and reduction in water evaporation.We studied the effect of surface and subsurface irrigation methods on the growth and survival of four common tree species including heaven tree(Ailanthus altissima(Mill.)Swingle),China berry(Melia azedarach L.),white mulberry(Morus alba L.),and black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)by installing underground clay reservoirs with different permeabilities in Isfahan City,Iran.Different amounts of animal manure and wheat straw were mixed with clay fraction and cooked in a pottery kiln at 900°C to produce reservoirs with different permeabilities.The experimental treatments consisting of irrigation and tree species were considered with a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2016 and 2017.Leaf water potential of seedlings,which is indirectly related to drought resistance,was measured by a portable pressure chamber.The results showed that saplings height,basal diameter,number of leaves,chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance were significantly(P<0.05)higher in the subsurface irrigation with low permeability than in the surface irrigation,but the number of branches of the studied species were not significantly(P>0.05)affected by the irrigation methods and different permeabilities of clay reservoirs.The clay reservoirs with low and medium permeabilities constantly provide better conditions for plant growth,and water with lower pressure and longer time intervals to the plant roots as compared with the reservoirs with high permeability.Analysis of variance of the data showed that year and interaction between year and permeability of reservoir had significant effects(P<0.05)on all growth parameters,except for the chlorophyll content.In addition,the highest percentage of survival was 100%associated with the subsurface irrigation and the control treatment had the lowest survival percentages of 60%,70%,80%and 100%for M.alba,M.azedarach,A.altissima and R.pseudoacacia,respectively.Finally,the values of leaf water potential showed that R.pseudoacacia was the most drought resistant species.展开更多
Based on the 3D seismic data and the analysis and test data of lithology,electricity,thin sections and chronology obtained from drilling of the Qiongdongnan Basin,the characteristics and the quantitative analysis of t...Based on the 3D seismic data and the analysis and test data of lithology,electricity,thin sections and chronology obtained from drilling of the Qiongdongnan Basin,the characteristics and the quantitative analysis of the source-sink system are studied of the third member of the Upper Oligocene Lingshui Formation(Ling 3 Member)in the southern fault step zone of the Baodao Sag.First,the YL10 denudation area of the Ling 3 Member mainly developed two fluvial systems in the east and west,resulting in the formation of two dominant sand transport channels and two delta lobes in southern Baodao Sag,which are generally large in the west and small in the east.The evolution of the delta has experienced four stages:initiation,prosperity,intermittence and rejuvenation.Second,the source-sink coupled quantitative calculation is performed depending on the parameters of the delta sand bodies,including development phases,distribution area,flattening thickness,area of different parent rocks,and sand-forming coefficient,showing that the study area has the material basis for the formation of large-scale reservoir.Third,the drilling reveals that the delta of the Ling 3 Member is dominated by fine sandstone,with total sandstone thickness of 109-138 m,maximum single-layer sandstone thickness of 15.5-30.0 m,and sand-to-strata ratio of 43.7%-73.0%,but the physical properties are different among the fault steps.Fourth,the large delta development model of the small source area in the step fault zone with multi-stage uplift is established.It suggests that the episodic uplift provides sufficient sediments,the fluvial system and watershed area control the scale of the sand body,the multi-step active fault steps dominate the sand body transport channel,and local fault troughs decide the lateral propulsion direction of the sand body.The delta of the Ling 3 Member is coupled with fault blocks to form diverse traps,which are critical exploration targets in southern Baodao Sag.展开更多
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05024-003)。
文摘By using drilling,high-precision 3 D seismic data,data of geochemistry,logging and testing,the reservoir characteristics and accumulation conditions of the KL6-1 lithologic oilfield in the Laibei Low Uplift in the Bohai Sea are examined comprehensively.The study shows that:KL6-1 oilfield is a monolithic,high-quality,large-scale Neogene lithologic oilfield featuring shallow reservoir depth,high productivity,concentrated oil-bearing intervals,large oil-bearing area,and high reserve abundance;hydrocarbon source supply from two directions provides a sufficient material basis for the formation of large oil field;two types of"inherited structural ridge"developed under the effect of block rotation,late active faults formed by Neotectonic movement,and widely distributed contiguous sand bodies provide an efficient oil and gas transportation system for the large-scale accumulation of oil and gas;contiguous channel and lacustrine lowstand system sand bodies developed in low accommodation condition provide the basic condition for the formation of large-scale lithologic traps;deep formations structural ridge,faults(dominant migration pathways)and large-scale superimposed contiguous sand bodies constitute a"vine type"oil and gas migration and accumulation system in the Laibei Low Uplift,which is conducive to the formation of large-scale and high-abundance lithologic reservoir in this area.The successful discovery of KL6-1,100 million ton reserve order lithologic oil field,has revealed the exploration potential of Neogene large lithologic reservoirs in Bohai Sea,expanded the exploration field,and also has certain reference significance for the exploration of large lithologic reservoirs in similar areas.
基金supported by the Isfahan University of Technology, Iran (2018)
文摘Scarce and scattered precipitation in arid regions is detrimental for newly planted seedlings.It is essential to provide required water storage for seedlings in restoration projects in the first year of their establishment.The subsurface irrigation can be much more effective than the surface irrigation because of the regulation of water availability and reduction in water evaporation.We studied the effect of surface and subsurface irrigation methods on the growth and survival of four common tree species including heaven tree(Ailanthus altissima(Mill.)Swingle),China berry(Melia azedarach L.),white mulberry(Morus alba L.),and black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)by installing underground clay reservoirs with different permeabilities in Isfahan City,Iran.Different amounts of animal manure and wheat straw were mixed with clay fraction and cooked in a pottery kiln at 900°C to produce reservoirs with different permeabilities.The experimental treatments consisting of irrigation and tree species were considered with a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2016 and 2017.Leaf water potential of seedlings,which is indirectly related to drought resistance,was measured by a portable pressure chamber.The results showed that saplings height,basal diameter,number of leaves,chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance were significantly(P<0.05)higher in the subsurface irrigation with low permeability than in the surface irrigation,but the number of branches of the studied species were not significantly(P>0.05)affected by the irrigation methods and different permeabilities of clay reservoirs.The clay reservoirs with low and medium permeabilities constantly provide better conditions for plant growth,and water with lower pressure and longer time intervals to the plant roots as compared with the reservoirs with high permeability.Analysis of variance of the data showed that year and interaction between year and permeability of reservoir had significant effects(P<0.05)on all growth parameters,except for the chlorophyll content.In addition,the highest percentage of survival was 100%associated with the subsurface irrigation and the control treatment had the lowest survival percentages of 60%,70%,80%and 100%for M.alba,M.azedarach,A.altissima and R.pseudoacacia,respectively.Finally,the values of leaf water potential showed that R.pseudoacacia was the most drought resistant species.
基金Supported by the CNOOC Technology Research Project(KJGG2022-0102)。
文摘Based on the 3D seismic data and the analysis and test data of lithology,electricity,thin sections and chronology obtained from drilling of the Qiongdongnan Basin,the characteristics and the quantitative analysis of the source-sink system are studied of the third member of the Upper Oligocene Lingshui Formation(Ling 3 Member)in the southern fault step zone of the Baodao Sag.First,the YL10 denudation area of the Ling 3 Member mainly developed two fluvial systems in the east and west,resulting in the formation of two dominant sand transport channels and two delta lobes in southern Baodao Sag,which are generally large in the west and small in the east.The evolution of the delta has experienced four stages:initiation,prosperity,intermittence and rejuvenation.Second,the source-sink coupled quantitative calculation is performed depending on the parameters of the delta sand bodies,including development phases,distribution area,flattening thickness,area of different parent rocks,and sand-forming coefficient,showing that the study area has the material basis for the formation of large-scale reservoir.Third,the drilling reveals that the delta of the Ling 3 Member is dominated by fine sandstone,with total sandstone thickness of 109-138 m,maximum single-layer sandstone thickness of 15.5-30.0 m,and sand-to-strata ratio of 43.7%-73.0%,but the physical properties are different among the fault steps.Fourth,the large delta development model of the small source area in the step fault zone with multi-stage uplift is established.It suggests that the episodic uplift provides sufficient sediments,the fluvial system and watershed area control the scale of the sand body,the multi-step active fault steps dominate the sand body transport channel,and local fault troughs decide the lateral propulsion direction of the sand body.The delta of the Ling 3 Member is coupled with fault blocks to form diverse traps,which are critical exploration targets in southern Baodao Sag.
