Recent Progresses on Optimal Design of Heat Integrated Water Allocation Network

Energy integration and mass integration are important approaches to achieve energy saving and emission reduction in the process industry.Generally,the methods can be classified into two groups,viz.:conceptual design methods and mathematical programming methods.The former includes mainly graphical methods based on pinch technology that is operated easily.A feasible solution can be quickly obtained.Conceptual design methods are sequential in nature including two steps,namely:targeting and designing.The latter is based on superstructure optimization,and corresponding algorithm is adopted to solve the model.The trade-offs and connections among the entire network can be established and explored.Multiple factors can be considered and optimized simultaneously by mathematical programming methods.This paper describes the synthesis of heat integrated water allocation networks(HIWAN)based on both conceptual design methods and mathematical programming methods systematically.In addition,the characteristics and shortcomings of the existing research methods are summarized,and the future research direction is prospected.

Global Optimization for the Synthesis of Integrated Water Systems with Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

The problem of optimal synthesis of an integrated water system is addressed in this study, where water using processes and water treatment operations are combined into a single network such that the total cost of fresh water and wastewater treatment is globally minimized. A superstructure that incorporates all feasible design alterna- tives for wastewater treatment, reuse and recycle, is synthesized with a non-linear programming model. An evolutionary approach--an improved particle swarm optimization is proposed for optimizing such systems. Two simple examples are .Presented.to illustrate the global op.timization of inte.grated water networks using the proposed algorithm.

Synthesis and Scheduling of Optimal Batch Water-recycle Networks

This work develops an optimization-based methodology for the design and scheduling of batch water recycle networks. This task requires the identification of network configuration, fresh-water usage, recycle assignments from sources to sinks, wastewater discharge, and a scheduling scheme. A new source-tank-sink representation is developed to allow for storage and dispatch tanks. The problem is solved in stages by first eliminating scheduling constraints and determining minimum usage of fresh water and wastewater discharge. An iterative procedure is formulated to minimize the total annual cost of the system by trading off capital versus operating costs. The work overcomes limitations in previous literature work including restricted recycle within the same cycle, lumped balances that may not lead to feasible solutions, and unrealistic objective functions. A case study is solved to illustrate the usefulness of the devised procedure.

Development and application of a GIS-based artificial neural network system for water quality prediction: a case study at the Lake Champlain area

Artificial Neural Network(ANN)models have been extensively applied in the prediction of water resource variables,and Geographical Information System(GIS)includes powerful functions to visualize spatial data.In order to provide an efficient tool for environmental assessment and management that combines the advantages of these two modules,a GIS-based ANN water quality prediction system was developed in the present study.The ANN module and ArcGIS Engine module,along with a dynamic database,were imbedded in the system,which integrates water quality prediction via the ANN model and spatial presentation of the model results.The structure of the ANN model could be modified through the graphical user interface to optimize the model performance.The developed system was applied to a real case study for the prediction of the total phosphorus concentration in the Lake Champlain area.The prediction results were verified with the monitoring data,and the performance of the developed model was further evaluated through graphical techniques and quantitative statistical methods.Overall,the developed system provided satisfactory prediction results,and spatial distribution maps of the predicted results were obtained,which coincided with the monitored values.The developed GIS-based ANN water quality prediction system could serve as an efficient tool for engineers and decision makers.

Fuzzy Integral Based Information Fusion for Water Quality Monitoring Using Remote Sensing Data

To improve the monitoring precision of lake chlorophyll a (Chl-a), this paper presents a fusion method based on Choquet Fuzzy Integral (CFI) to estimate the Chl-a concentration. A group of BPNN models are designed. The output of multiple BPNN model is fused by the CFI. Meanwhile, to resolve the over-fitting problem caused by a small number of training sets, we design an algorithm that fully considers neighbor sampling information. A classification experiment of the Chl-a concentration of the Taihu Lake is conducted. The result shows that, the proposed approach is superior to the classification using a single neural network classifier, and the CFI fusion method has higher identification accuracy.

一种基于多分类器和证据理论融合的水质分类方法

针对单分类器对不同水质类别识别不均衡、水质分类准确率较低、适应性较差的问题,提出一种基于多分类器和证据理论融合的水质分类方法。选取深度神经网络分类器、改进支持向量机分类器和贝叶斯分类器3种分类器,通过全概率公式构建信度函数,基于证据理论对信度函数进行融合,获得多分类器融合模型。从国家地表水水质自动站发布的2022年3月1—22日水质数据中选取3 558条数据为样本集,采用DNN水质分类模型、PSO-SVM水质分类模型、贝叶斯水质分类模型和多分类器融合模型对待测样本进行测试。结果表明:多分类器融合模型对水质类别判定的平均准确率、精确率、召回率和F1值分别为94.2%、93.8%、94.2%和94.0%。相较于DNN水质分类模型、PSO-SVM水质分类模型、贝叶斯水质分类模型,多分类器融合模型准确率分别提高5.6%、9.8%和13.6%,精确率分别提高5.2%、10.0%和10.9%,召回率分别提高5.6%、9.8%和13.6%,F1值分别提高5.4%、10.2%和12.3%,多分类器融合模型在水质分类方面的准确性和适应性更高。

国家水网各层级协同建设思考

推进国家骨干网和省市县各层级水网互联互通、合理衔接,对逐步形成国家水网“一张网”、更好发挥水网整体效益意义重大。推进各层级水网协同建设,应聚焦“四个坚持”原则,即坚持目标导向和问题导向相结合,坚持遵循自然规律、经济规律、生态规律,坚持系统观念,坚持“四水四定”;做好“五个统筹”,即统筹好水网布局、结构、功能设计方案与组网方案,统筹好不同层级水网规划布局与建设,统筹好资源环境承载能力与水流调配过程,统筹好骨干工程与配套工程的关系,统筹好常态与非常态协同治理。分析了不同层级水网协同建设的总体思路,从水网规划与建设的基本单元、思路与重点等方面,研究提出了不同层级水网协同建设的侧重点。围绕加快构建国家水网主骨架和大动脉、加强国家骨干网和省级水网互联互通、推进省市县水网协同融合、加强战略储备水源和战略输配水通道建设,提出推进各层级水网协同建设的重点举措,从完善国家水网“一张网”顶层设计、加强体制机制创新、强化资源要素保障等方面,研究提出了不同层级水网协同建设的政策建议。

长江经济带综合交通运输体系铁路货运发展对策研究

长江经济带覆盖长江上中下游重庆、湖北、上海等省(市),区域内基本形成了由铁路、公路、水运等多种交通方式构成的综合交通运输体系,服务区域经济社会的发展。通过分析长江经济带综合交通运输体系铁路、公路和水运的网络结构和货运量现状,存在干线通道能力仍显紧张、交通运输结构不尽合理、多式联运体系有待完善、部分铁路线路能力利用趋紧等问题,铁路大运量、低排放等优势还没有得到充分发挥。在此基础上,提出长江经济带铁路货运发展对策,即:提质改造通道瓶颈区段,推动铁路多式联运发展,加强铁路运输资源分配,积极争取国家政策支持,为推进长江经济带综合交通运输体系建设提供研究依据。

广西水网规划布局与建设实践

广西水网是国家水网“一主四域”主骨架中的重要内容,也是国家水网区域网的衔接枢纽。作为全国第一批省级水网先导区,广西明确“两横八纵、六河连通,引补相济、调蓄结合,‘五网’共建、多能融合”的水网总体布局,推进防洪排涝网、城乡供水网、农业灌溉网、生态水网、智慧水网“五网”共建,推动水网多能融合、一网多能。从探索水网融合发展、强化体制机制创新、推动数字孪生先行先试、加速广西水网主骨架构建四个方面介绍了广西水网建设的创新实践和经验成效。针对当前水网体系建设存在短板、水网骨干工程建设要素保障有待加强等问题提出建议思考。

青岛市现代水网一体化智慧管理系统应用实践

随着青岛市城市水网设施的不断完善,建立一套完整准确的水网一体化综合管理系统已成为现代城市发展的迫切需求。从“大水网一体化”执行目标出发,该系统覆盖供水、排水、再生水和海水淡化地下管网,并立足于实际运营中的切实需求,旨在打造山东省企业级水网一体化智慧管理系统。该系统全面增强了水资源的统筹调配能力、供排水的保障能力、水旱灾害防御能力以及水生态治理保护能力。通过开展系统创新模块的研发工作,有效推动了青岛市水务的高质量发展。青岛市现代水网一体化智慧管理系统的应用实践为特大型城市水网管理一体化提供了实践经验和案例,具有重要的实践意义和参考价值。

市级水网建设思路及创新措施——以广东省茂名市为例

系统梳理了广东省茂名市水情特点和区位优势,对标高质量发展要求,提出茂名市在水资源保障能力、防洪减灾能力、河湖健康水平、农村水利基础、水务管理智慧化水平以及水文化水经济发展方面尚存在的问题和不足,急需构建市级水网体系,以全面提升茂名市水安全保障能力。提出水资源配置网、防洪安全网、河湖生态网、农村水利保障网、数字孪生水网与水文化水经济融合发展、水管理机制创新示范的“5+2”水网总体规划思路,通过7大类建设任务,以联网、补网、强链为建设重点,推动区域水资源优化配置。通过梳理茂名市“纲、目、结”水网架构,统筹考虑在保障防洪安全、供水安全、生态安全等方面的作用和水网覆盖均衡性,构建了“五纵二横、四河十渠、一核多枢”的茂名水网总体布局,确定了主要建设任务和思路。进而从水网建设投融资、融合发展模式、水网良性运行机制、数字孪生水网、工程建设管理等方面,提出创新举措和取得的阶段性成效,构建市级水网建设典型案例分析。

深化协同联治加快一体融通共同开创太湖治理一体化发展新局面

水利是保障长三角一体化发展国家重大战略的重要基础。江苏水利坚决贯彻落实习近平总书记关于长三角一体化发展系列重要论述,聚焦太湖治理这一“国之大者”,围绕一体化和高质量两个关键词,从统筹水安全保障、水资源供给、水环境治理和现代水网航道网协同发展等方面,就积极推动太湖一体化治理提出有针对性的对策建议,为唱响新时代“太湖美”贡献水利力量。

深圳市排水管网数字孪生实现关键路径

为解决排水管网动态化、精细化管理难题,以及涉及地面坍塌、水污染等城市公共安全问题,借鉴数字孪生水利工程建设经验,以排水管网为研究对象,分析深圳市管网及信息化建设现状,按照“厂—网—河”流域一体化思维重点,从数据底板建设、模型平台建设及业务场景应用3个方面,阐述排水管网数字孪生的具体实现:建立由管网基础、地理空间、监测、业务管理、跨行业共享等数据组成的持续动态更新的孪生数据底板;通过水文水力学模型分析搭建管网静态和动态模型,支撑排水管网评估分析、运行监测预警、雨污系统调度等;建立体现“四预”功能的排水管网数字孪生业务应用。排水管网数字孪生建设可补充智慧城市地下数据资源,实现问题管网诊断、管网规划设计、水污染治理、洪涝预警分析等。

科学测算运维经费,助力水利网信可持续发展

为支持水利网信可持续发展,推动新阶段水利高质量发展,研究水利信息系统运维经费的科学测算体系。回顾水利信息化运维经费管理的发展历程,介绍《水利信息系统运行维护定额标准》《水利信息系统运行维护规范》2个标准构成的运维经费测算体系,经过实际运维经费测算应用,发现原有的运行维护定额标准在新形势下存在不适应性,因此,对运行维护定额标准进行修订,修订后的定额标准更为全面,能反映不同运行维护服务等级的要求,并强化资源整合共享和网络安全。科学测算体系的建立和推广可有效解决经费不足的问题,保障运行维护工作的有序开展,助力水利网信可持续发展,未来运维经费测算需要考虑通货膨胀、资源成本上涨和设备服务寿命延长等相关内容。

无负压供水设备在农村管网中的应用研究

随着城乡一体化供水工程的推进,农村地区的供水是其中的重难点。本文根据规范和设计经验,提供了一套农村地区供水管网的设计流程和方法;分析了无负压供水设备的运行原理,研究出无负压供水方式比传统加压方式有减少污染风险、节能、节地等优点,从而总结出无负压供水设备在农村供水管网末端应用的效果还是比较好的。本文为农村供水管网的设计提供借鉴,并为无负压供水设备的更新升级和发展提供思路。

Design Energy Efficient Water Utilization Systems Allowing Operation Split

This article deals with the design of energy efficient water utilization systems allowing operation split. Practical features such as operating flexibility and capital cost have made the number of sub operations an important parameter of the problem. By treating the direct and indirect heat transfers separately, target freshwater and energy consumption as well as the operation split conditions are first obtained. Subsequently, a mixed integer non-linear programming （MINLP） model is established for the design of water network and the heat exchanger network （HEN）. The proposed systematic approach is limited to a single contaminant. Example from literature is used to illustrate the applicability of the approach.

我国流域水生态监测与评价体系研究进展及发展对策

水生态监测与评价是水生态系统管理、保护和可持续利用的基础。20世纪80年代开始,欧美发达国家水环境管理政策开始强调生态保护,重视流域水生态质量,先后开展了以水生生物为核心的河流水生态监测与评价研究计划。然而我国目前流域水环境监测与评价的指标主要以传统的理化监测指标为主,缺乏指示水生态变化的水生生物指标,单一的水质改善无法反映水生态环境好转这一长远目标,不能满足“十四五”水生态环境管理由以水污染防治为主向水环境、水生态、水资源“三水”统筹转变的总体要求。本研究系统分析发达国家和地区(如美国、欧盟、澳大利亚等)水生态监测与评价技术体系与业务化运行方面的先进经验,总结梳理我国水生态监测与评价试点已有的工作基础,分析制约我国当前流域水生态监测与评价的关键问题,从保护目标、管理模式、监测网络、科学研究和公众参与五个方面,提出开展我国流域水生态监测与评价体系构建和业务化运行的有关建议,为准确评估和预测流域水生态质量状况的变化、开展保护修复成效评估提供决策支持和重要参考。

关于建立水网区域综合定价机制的思考

水网区域综合定价对平衡国家水网“纲、目、结”各类工程多水源多目标供水价格、促进外调水量消纳、吸引社会资本参与工程建设具有重要作用。在分析水网区域综合定价内涵特点、重要意义基础上,研究提出成本监审、综合定价、水费计收、收入分配、财政补贴和价格联动等水网区域综合定价六项机制,从顶层设计、配套政策、实践跟踪、试点示范等方面提出政策建议。

水网建设中“两山”理论转化路径研究

在深入剖析“两山”理论科学内涵基础上,综合考虑各地实践,梳理总结“两山”理论转化的典型模式,提出区域现代水网建设中实现“两山”理论转化的基本思路,进而提出在水网建设中通过打造水文旅融合新路径、构建水农融合新业态、创建“两山银行”新模式等,来推动实现“两山”理论转化。以青岛市为例,探索现代水网建设中创建水文化景观转化为水经济动力的发展模式,助推经济社会高质量发展,全方位提升人民群众的获得感、幸福感、安全感。

The Evaluation of the Integrated Risk for the South-to-North Water Transfer Project Using the Bayesian Network Theory

南水北调工程是目前我国最大的调水工程。随着工程的建设和运行,由不确定性问题引起的风险问题越来越受到关注,工程运行的风险分析也摆在管理者的面前,如何识别、评估、降低和控制风险的发生成为南水北调工程运行中的一个重要问题。本文首次将贝叶斯网络理论引入到南水北调综合风险分析中,选取东线工程宝应抽水泵站为研究对象,利用贝叶斯网络推理功能得出宝应站运行综合风险发生的概率为0.025%,风险发生的等级为"较低"。利用情景分析的方法,得出在影响综合风险的因素中,泵站的管理维护状况条件改变时,综合风险变化最大,因此需要予以重点关注。