Numerical Modeling and Technico-Economic Analysis of a Hybrid Energy Production System for Self-Consumption: Case of Rural Area in the Comoros

This study aims to provide electricity to a remote village in the Union of Comoros that has been affected by energy problems for over 40 years. The study uses a 50 kW diesel generator, a 10 kW wind turbine, 1500 kW photovoltaic solar panels, a converter, and storage batteries as the proposed sources. The main objective of this study is to conduct a detailed analysis and optimization of a hybrid diesel and renewable energy system to meet the electricity demand of a remote area village of 800 to 1500 inhabitants located in the north of Ngazidja Island in Comoros. The study uses the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) Pro to conduct simulations and optimize the analysis using meteorological data from Comoros. The results show that hybrid combination is more profitable in terms of margin on economic cost with a less expensive investment. With a diesel cost of $1/L, an average wind speed of 5.09 m/s and a solar irradiation value of 6.14 kWh/m2/day, the system works well with a proportion of renewable energy production of 99.44% with an emission quantity of 1311.407 kg/year. 99.2% of the production comes from renewable sources with an estimated energy surplus of 2,125,344 kWh/year with the cost of electricity (COE) estimated at $0.18/kWh, presenting a cost-effective alternative compared to current market rates. These results present better optimization of the used hybrid energy system, satisfying energy demand and reducing the environmental impact.

An overview of application-oriented multifunctional large-scale stationary battery and hydrogen hybrid energy storage system

The imperative to address traditional energy crises and environmental concerns has accelerated the need for energy structure transformation.However,the variable nature of renewable energy poses challenges in meeting complex practical energy requirements.To address this issue,the construction of a multifunctional large-scale stationary energy storage system is considered an effective solution.This paper critically examines the battery and hydrogen hybrid energy storage systems.Both technologies face limitations hindering them from fully meeting future energy storage needs,such as large storage capacity in limited space,frequent storage with rapid response,and continuous storage without loss.Batteries,with their rapid response(<1 s)and high efficiency(>90%),excel in frequent short-duration energy storage.However,limitations such as a self-discharge rate(>1%)and capacity loss(~20%)restrict their use for long-duration energy storage.Hydrogen,as a potential energy carrier,is suitable for large-scale,long-duration energy storage due to its high energy density,steady state,and low loss.Nevertheless,it is less efficient for frequent energy storage due to its low storage efficiency(~50%).Ongoing research suggests that a battery and hydrogen hybrid energy storage system could combine the strengths of both technologies to meet the growing demand for large-scale,long-duration energy storage.To assess their applied potentials,this paper provides a detailed analysis of the research status of both energy storage technologies using proposed key performance indices.Additionally,application-oriented future directions and challenges of the battery and hydrogen hybrid energy storage system are outlined from multiple perspectives,offering guidance for the development of advanced energy storage systems.

Experimental Study on a Modified Wind-Solar Hybrid System

Wind-solar hybrid systems are employed extensively due to certain advantages. However, two problems exist in their application: the PV modules operate at high temperatures, particularly during summer, and low wind power cannot be utilized. To solve these two problems, a novel hybrid system is designed based on PV/thermal systems, in which PV modules are cooled with fans driven by a wind turbine. This paper studies the practicability of the novel hybrid system. First, the electrical performance of the wind turbine is compared using a fan and battery load,respectively. Second, different types and numbers of fans are tested to obtain the largest air volume. Third, the height of the air duct on the back of the PV module is optimized and the cooling effect is studied. Results show that a 24 V DC fan is more appropriate for the novel system than a 12 V DC fan, as it provides a greater air volume, and with a switch wind speed of 3.0 m/s the power of PV module shows a maximum increase of 8.0%.

Optimal Sizing of Solar/Wind Hybrid Off-Grid Microgrids Using an Enhanced Genetic Algorithm

This paper presents a method for optimal sizing of an off-grid hybrid microgrid (MG) system in order to achieve a certain load demand. The hybrid MG is made of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system, wind turbine (TW) and energy storage system (ESS). The reliability of the MG system is modeled based on the loss of power supply probability (SPSP). For optimization, an enhanced Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to minimize the total cost of the system over a 20-year period, while satisfying some reliability and operation constraints. A case study addressing optimal sizing of an off-grid hybrid microgrid in Nigeria is discussed. The result is compared with results obtained from the Brute Force and standard GA methods.

Study Optimization of a Hybrid Solar-Wind System from an Individual in Ouagadougou

This work is a contribution to the study of hybrid systems for converting solar and wind energy into electricity in Burkina Faso. The approach consists of evaluating and analyzing the production of a wind turbine and a solar field in order to optimize the production of all the technologies. The results obtained made it possible to evaluate the operating performance of the installation and to show the complementarity between the two energy sources with regard to temporary and seasonal variations in resources. During nighttime periods or periods of low sunlight, the wind turbine is a good alternative to energy storage by batteries, the output of the wind turbine can be up to 853.76 W. It was also a question of proposing solutions for optimizing the hybrid system through the automation of the hybrid charge regulator. A minimum height of 30 m above the ground has been chosen as the optimum height for the wind turbine.

An Index Assessing the Energetic Complementarity in Time between More than Two Energy Resources

Energy complementarity can be a tool for managers to prioritize investments in new power generation ventures. An index for complementarity assessment should allow comparison of complementarities at different sites. This article proposes a new method for the calculation of complementarity index, allowing the comparison two energy resources and also allowing the comparison of more than two energy resources. In addition, the proposed index still allows the use of hourly or daily series and not only maximum or minimum values. Finally, this article also presents a map for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil, indicating the energetic complementarity in time between hydropower, wind energy and PV solar energy.

Modelling and Optimal Design of Hybrid Power System Photovoltaic/Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for a Mediterranean City

This work presents a hybrid power system consisting of photovoltaic and solid oxide fuel cell(PV-SOFC)for electricity production and hydrogen production.The simulation of this hybrid system is adjusted for Bou-Zedjar city in north Algeria.Homer software was used for this simulation to calculate the power output and the total net present cost.The method used depends on the annual average monthly values of clearness index and radiation for which the energy contributions are determined for each component of PV/SOFC hybrid system.The economic study is more important criterion in the proposed hybrid system,and the results show that the cost is very suitable for the use of this hybrid system,which ensures that the area is fed continuously with the sufficient energy for the load which assumed to be 500 kW in the peak season.The optimized results of the present study show that the photovoltaic is capable of generating 8733 kW electricity while the SOFC produces 500 kW electricity.The electrolyzer is capable of producing 238750 kg of hydrogen which is used as fuel in the SOFC to compensate the energy lack in nights and during peak season.

边防哨所风光耦合制氢系统的配置优化

为解决边防哨所地处偏远、环境复杂、对能源需求大且上网成本高的问题,利用风光资源的互补性及氢能的能量密度高、绿色清洁等特点,提出了建立以风能和太阳能作为主要发电能源的风光耦合制氢系统,并选择氢能单元作为系统的储能单元,以满足边防哨所对能源多样性的需求,提高哨所从周边环境获取能量的能力。建立风光耦合制氢系统各子系统数学模型,以减小系统成本、提高可再生能源利用率、增大氢能产量为目标进行系统建设配置优化,选择系统各组件的额定功率作为设计变量,具体地区气象数据作为输入,利用第三代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅲ)进行求解,对优化得到的帕累托解集进行决策。通过层次图的绘制实现多维帕累托前沿可视化,得到了最优配置方案,并与未优化配置方案等进行对比,保障供电可靠性的同时可大幅度提高能源利用率、降低配置成本。

微电网的氢-氨混合储能系统容量优化配置研究

随着我国分布式可再生能源装机规模的爆发式增长,对微电网高渗透率可再生能源消纳的需求逐渐提高。为了提高微电网的风光消纳能力,构建含氢氨混合储能系统(hydrogen-ammonia hybrid energy storage system,hydrogen-ammonia HESS)的微电网结构,提出氢氨混合储能系统的容量优化模型,以微电网的综合成本最小为目标函数,以风电消纳率为重要指标,并对氢氨混合储能系统的容量优化模型进行求解。通过算例分析,验证所构建的含氢氨混合储能系统的微电网在经济性和风电消纳两方面,均比仅含氢储能系统或氨储能系统的微电网更加有效。

电网友好型风电场多功能电—氢混合储能系统容量配置

在风电场内优化配置储能资源,可有效平抑风电强随机性与波动性对电力系统造成的负面影响,促进电网友好型风电场建设。目前,风电场储能系统存在应用功能单一、设备利用率低、盈利能力差等问题,制约了风电场储能系统的大规模应用。为此,该文对一次调频、功率预测补偿与新能源消纳等多种储能应用功能,提出一种风电场的多功能电-氢混合储能系统容量优化配置方法。首先,提出考虑一次调频、功率预测补偿与新能源消纳3种功能的风电场储能系统运行策略,进而提出了考虑储能设备特性的电—氢混合储能的能量管理策略;其次,在此基础上,基于时序生产模拟的方法,以净收益最大化为目标建立风电场多功能混合储能系统优化配置模型;最后,通过对河北省某风电场混合储能系统优化配置进行实例计算与分析。研究结果表明:采用该策略下的容量配置方法,能在考虑储能设备特性的基础上,满足电力系统多时间尺度的需求,有效提高电力系统的经济性。

电-热-氢综合能源系统鲁棒区间优化调度

储能技术与风电相结合实现电能的时空平移是解决系统运行稳定性问题的有效手段。氢储能具有储存容量大、可实现电热联产联供的优点,具有很大的发展潜能。然而由于风电存在不确定性,氢储能系统在频繁切换工作模式时面临着不确定的热能需求。因此,文中综合考虑氢储能在间歇模式下的热能需求,首先,介绍了氢储能系统接入的电-热综合能源系统基本结构,将风电场与氢储能相结合构成风-氢混合系统;然后,提出考虑风-氢混合系统热平衡需求不确定性的电-热综合能源系统鲁棒区间优化调度模型;最后,基于对偶理论,对所提出的模型转化求解,通过算例对比分析各类情况优化结果,验证了氢储能在促进风电消纳、提高系统能源综合利用率方面的有效性,并证明了考虑电解槽和燃料电池工作温度能提高系统的工作效率并提高风电场并网功率。

一种基于混合储能改善跟踪光伏发电出力特性方法的研究

光伏输出受天气影响具有较大波动性,若直接接入电网则会对电网的电能质量造成严重影响。为减轻光伏电站并网功率对电网的影响,提出了一种基于氢与电池混合储能改善跟踪光伏发电出力特性的方法。首先,利用高斯函数逼近光伏预测功率,形成光伏次日出力计划,并根据次日凌晨电池SOC大小和氢储能调节灵活性对出力计划进行修正。考虑氢储能和电池储能运行状态,设计了包含有主调度和协调调度的实时调度方案。最后,通过算例验证了所提方法的有效性。

风光耦合电解水制氢方案研究

在碳达峰、碳中和目标下,需找到一种可广泛应用的零碳排放终端能源。氢能不仅是无碳能源,而且是最环保的能源,采用电解水制氢技术,尤其是通过风电、光伏发电技术制氢,可以实现零碳排放。对可再生能源电解水制氢现状进行了介绍,并针对多种风光耦合电解水制氢方案进行了研究,展望了可再生能源电解水制氢的发展前景。研究结果显示:采用大规模以风电、光伏发电为主的耦合电解水制氢可以有效减少油气进口、化石能源应用,极大保障中国的能源安全。以期研究结果为合理搭建氢能生产系统提供借鉴。

A soft-contact hybrid electromagnetic–triboelectric nanogenerator for self-powered water splitting towards hydrogen production

The effective acquisition of hydrogen energy from the ocean offers a promising sustainable solution for increasing global energy shortage.Herein,a self-powered high-efficient hydrogen generation system is proposed by integrating a triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator(TEHG),power management circuit(PMC),and an electrolytic cell.Under the wind triggering,as-fabricated TEHG can effectively convert breeze energy into electric energy,which demonstrates a high output current of 20.3 mA at a speed rotation of 700 rpm and the maximal output power of 13.8 mW at a load of 10 MΩ.Remarkably,asdesigned self-powered system can perform a steady and continuous water splitting to produce hydrogen(1.5μL·min^(−1))by adding a matching capacitor between the PMC and electrolytic cell.In the circuit,the capacitor can not only function as a charge compensation source for water splitting,but also stabilize the working voltage.Unlike other self-powered water splitting systems,the proposed system does not need catalysts or the complex electrical energy storage/release process,thus improving the hydrogen production efficiency and reducing the cost.This work provides an effective strategy for clean hydrogen energy production and demonstrates the huge potential of the constructed self-powered system toward carbon neutralization.

离网型风光氢储系统容量配置与控制优化

为进一步提高离网型风光制氢系统的经济性以及运行稳定性,提出离网型风光氢储系统容量配置与控制优化方法。首先,结合风力机、光伏组件、碱性电解槽和锂电池的运行特性建立容量配置模型;以系统收益最大为优化目标,采用灰狼优化算法(GWO)进行求解。其次,提出基于区间最值的灰狼算法优化长短期记忆网络(GWO-LSTM)组合预测模型,并以此为基础开展系统运行控制策略研究。最后,针对张家口崇礼风电制氢示范工程项目数据进行算例分析,结果表明采用灰狼优化算法对风光氢储系统进行容量配置能增加系统收益,同时验证了提出的系统控制策略能保证系统平稳运行。

台风条件下含混合电氢储能的海上风电场并网运行智能控制方法

随着我国海上风电装机容量不断增加,经济发达、电力负荷大的沿海地区越来越依赖和关注海上风电的安全运行。在系统常规火电机组容量下降、系统惯量较低的情况下,海上风电场的友好接入问题变得尤为突出。特别是在台风期间,海上风电场在达到截止风速之前可能会与受端电网迅速断开,导致主网出现大量功率缺额、电压频率恶化等不利影响。为了解决风电固有波动性和台风引起的大扰动问题,提出了一种含混合电氢储能的海上风电场并网运行控制方法。该方法在海上风电场正常运行期间,通过合理安排储能和充放能,有效平抑了风电波动性;而在台风过境期间,通过合理使用混合电氢储能,缓解了海上风电输出骤降,减少对受端电网的不利影响。通过对广东某海上风电场的真实数据进行仿真研究,验证了所提方法的有效性。

大规模风/光互补制储氢关键技术研究现状与趋势

发展大规模风/光互补制储氢系统,对推进我国能源战略转型、实现节能减排和新能源高质量发展具有重要和深远的意义。当前风/光制氢相关研究以制氢技术为主,尚缺乏从核心装备、运行控制到安全保护多方位多角度的系统性梳理。首先概述了大规模风/光互补制氢技术国内外的发展情况;其次从关键技术发展角度对风/光互补制储氢系统结构、关键设备、运行控制、保护方式及安全监控5个方面进行了分析归纳。最后,展望了大规模风/光互补制储氢关键技术未来发展趋势,总结了未来有待深入研究的技术方向。

基于分布鲁棒的风-氢混合系统氢储能容量优化配置

氢储能系统受地理、气候条件限制较小,在构建面向高比例新能源电力系统的风-储混合系统中极具发展潜力。然而,由于风电场的出力具有不确定性,氢储能系统需要在储能、释能、热备用等工况下频繁切换,内部热能供需平衡也呈现出不确定性,进而影响其响应速度甚至实际可用容量。为此,设计了考虑热平衡的风-氢混合系统,构建了考虑电解槽、燃料电池间歇工作模式热平衡的氢储能系统模型;在此基础上,综合考虑风电场功率的不确定性和氢储能系统的投资成本,提出了考虑热平衡不确定性的风-氢混合系统氢储能容量优化配置方法。采用分布鲁棒方法对风电场功率的不确定性进行建模,并将其转化为一组线性风险机会约束进行求解。基于实际风电场数据构建算例,对所提模型和方法进行验证和分析。结果表明,氢储能系统中电解槽和燃料电池的散热系数对系统实际可用容量具有重要的影响,在风-氢混合系统的氢储能容量配置中考虑热平衡约束可以有效提升氢储能系统的实际可用容量和混合系统的经济性。

风光储联合发电系统的建模及并网控制策略

针对间歇性能源并网出力波动以及不具备故障暂态电压支持能力特征,提出一种有效抑制功率波动且改善低电压穿越能力的风光储联合发电系统模型及其控制策略。风电和光伏系统均采用基于最大功率控制的双环控制策略,其外环采用功率控制内环应用电流控制;储能系统利用电压和频率设定值同母线测量值比较获得功率控制的参考值,经功率、电流环控制实现了抑制功率波动及支撑故障暂态电压。通过包含风光单独、风光互补以及风光储联合运行电力系统仿真计算说明了模型对电网的功率波动和暂态电压稳定性的贡献。仿真结果表明,本文提出的风光储联合发电系统模型及控制策略可有效平抑风光系统功率波动,保证了其低电压穿越的实现及电网安全稳定。

针对独立风光发电中混合储能容量优化配置研究

为有效降低独立风光发电系统中混合储能系统的费用成本,需要合理的优化配置储能系统容量。通过分析超级电容器和蓄电池的储能特性,提出一种基于该类混合储能系统的能量管理策略,并分析了此能量管理策略下的系统负荷缺电率(LPSP)的计算流程。建立了以全生命周期费用(LCC)理论为基础的储能装置年均费用为目标函数,以独立风光发电系统LPSP等可靠性指标为约束条件的储能容量优化模型,并运用改进粒子群算法对优化问题进行求解。通过算例结果分析,表明所提出的能量管理策略能够更加充分地发挥两种储能元件的互补优势,有效降低储能系统成本。