声呐三维成像技术在新型护面块体ACCROPODE^(TM)Ⅱ安装中的应用

针对传统护面块体安装方法在海况恶劣、安装标准高时容易造成块体安装精度不足、勾连嵌套不理想、安装质量难以保证等问题,结合某海外防波堤工程,介绍声呐三维成像技术-Echoscope系统的结构组成和工作原理,以及新型护面块体ACCROPODE^(TM)Ⅱ的安装要求。运用声呐三维成像技术以及GPS-RTK定位技术,解决了波浪条件恶劣的工况下新型护面块体ACCROPODE^(TM)Ⅱ水下安装精度控制问题,同时大幅提高了护面块体水下安装的施工效率。

Effect of Temperature and Ram Speed on Isothermal Extrusion for Large-size Tube with Piece-wing

Heat energy change during the extrusion of 7075 aluminium alloy large-size tube with piece-wing in a container was analyzed. Extrusion load vs ram displacement diagrams and exit temperature vs ram displacement diagrams at various speeds were obtained by 3D FEM simulation. Results show that the exit temperature becomes higher as the ram speed and displacement increase. For large-size tube with piece-wing, there is certainly a curve of ram speed decreasing with increasing ram displacement, which enables isothermal extrusion to be achieved. Therefore,an attempt was made to divide the working stroke into five different zones. Each of them has a preset speed that decreases from the ram displacement beginning to the ending. And then, new exit temperature vs ram displacement diagram was obtained by 3D FEM simulation for the five different speeds. It is shown that the variation of exit temperature is very small. Through the above research, a basic method for realizing isothermal extrusion of 7075 large-size tube with piece-wing was obtained, that is, the working stroke was divided into several different zones with a decreasing speed during extrusion, each zonest speed was real-time adjusted on the feedback signal of exit temperature by proportional hydraulic valve through closed-loop control. The engineering experiment verification was carried out on 100 MN aluminium extrusion press with oil-driven double action. The experimental results of the exit temperature agrees with the simulation ones. The achievements of this study may serve as a significant guide to the practice of the relevant processes, particularly for isothermal extrusion. The verified method has been used in the design and manufacture of 125 MN aluminium extrusion press with oil-driven double action.

Modeling and simulation of 3D thermal stresses of large-sized castings in solidification processes

When heavy machines and large scaled receiver system of communication equipment are manufactured, it always needs to produce large-sized steel castings, aluminum castings and etc. Some defects of hot cracking by thermal stress often appear during solidification process as these castings are produced, which results in failure of castings. Therefore predicting the effects of technological parameters for production of castings on the thermal stress during solidification process becomes an important means. In this paper, the mathematical models have been established and numerical calculation of temperature fields by using finite difference method (FDM) and then thermal stress fields by using finite element method (FEM) during solidification process of castings have been carried out. The technological parameters of production have been optimized by the results of calculation and the defects of hot cracking have been eliminated. Modeling and simulation of 3D thermal stress during solidification processes of large-sized castings provided a scientific basis, which promoted further development of advanced manufacturing technique.

Study on scour around vertical large-size cylinder base due to combined action of wave and current

Based on the mechanism of local scour around vertical large-sized cylinder due to combined action of wave and current,the sour morphology,scour process and the maximum scour depth around the cylinders are studied experimentally.The influence of various ocean environmental parameters on local scour around the cylinder is considered in physical model test.The experimental results indicate that the principal effect factors on the scour in fine-sand seabed are wave height,wavelength,current velocity,ratio of diameter to wavelength and ratio of depth to wavelength when the ratio of cylinder diameter to wavelength is from 0.2 to 0.8.In this paper,dimensional analysis theory is utilized to establish a theoretical equation for forecasting maximum scour depth around large-sized round cylinder base due to the combined action of wave and current.The results computed with the theoretical equation are compared with the experimental results,and found to be in good consistency.The results in this studies can be used to estimate the maximum sour depth around analogous structures.

Rolling Fatigue Test of Large-Sized UHPC Member for Cable Stayed Bridge

Recently, research strives to apply Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) to large-sized structures owing to its remarkable mechanical performance and durability compared to normal concrete. The Korea Institute of Construction Technology proposed SuperBridge800, an edge girder type UHPC cable stayed bridge with central span of 800 m, through its detailed design. The bridge is designed to be erected through the connection of precast UHPC segments. The precast UHPC segment is monolithically composed of one ribbed deck slab and edge girders at each side. The connection between the precast segments is achieved by steel bars at the edge girders and by UHPC cast-in-place wet joint at the slab. Despite of the outstanding mechanical performance of UHPC, the fabrication of large-sized members is a difficult task since UHPC hardens faster than normal concrete and requires a special curing process. Therefore, the constructability of large-sized UHPC segment should be secured to achieve SuperBridge800. Besides, the performance of the connection between segments should also be guaranteed, especially in terms of the fatigue performance of the UHPC cast-in-place joint, which constitutes a weak point. To that goal, two half-scaled UHPC segments are manufactured and the constructability is examined by fabricating a large-sized UHPC member connected with respect to the design conditions. This study conducts rolling fatigue test on the so-fabricated large-sized UHPC member. Rolling fatigue test is carried out up to 2 million cycles considering actual vehicle load at each center and quarter points of the member. The test results confirm that the service limit state is satisfied.

Distribution and exploration direction of medium-and large-sized marine carbonate gas fields in Sichuan Basin, SW China

Based on the analysis of the basic characteristics of medium-and large-sized marine gas fields in Sichuan Basin, combined with the division of major reservoir forming geological units in the marine craton stage and their control on key hydrocarbon accumulation factors, the distribution law of medium-and large-sized marine carbonate gas fields in the basin was examined and the exploration direction was pointed out. Through the analysis of the periodic stretching-uplifting background, it is concluded that five large scale paleo-rifts, three large scale paleo-uplifts, five large scale paleo erosion surfaces were formed in the marine craton stage of Sichuan Basin, and these geological units control the key reservoir forming factors of medium and large sized gas fields:(1) Large-scale paleo-rifts control the distribution of high-quality hydrocarbon generation centers.(2) The margin of large-scale paleo-rifts, high position of paleo-uplifts and paleo erosion surfaces control the distribution of high-quality reservoirs.(3) Large-scale paleo-rifts, paleo-uplifts, paleo erosion surfaces and present tectonic setting jointly control the formation of many types of large and medium-sized traps.(4) Natural gas accumulation is controlled by the inheritance evolution of traps in large geological units. Based on the comparative analysis of the distribution characteristics of medium-and large-sized gas fields and large geological units, it is proposed that the superimposition relationship between single or multiple geological units and the present structure controls the distribution of medium-and large-sized gas fields, and the "three paleo" superimposed area is the most advantageous. According to the above rules, the main exploration fields and directions of medium-and large-sized marine carbonate gas fields in Sichuan Basin include periphery of Deyang-Anyue paleo-rift, eastern margin of Longmenshan paleo-rift, margins of Kaijiang-Liangping oceanic trough and Chengkou-western Hubei oceanic trough, the high part of the subaqueous paleo-uplifts around Central Sichuan, paleo erosion surfaces of the top boundary of Maokou Formation in eastern and southern Sichuan Basin, paleo erosion surfaces of the top boundary of the Leikoupo Formation in central and western Sichuan Basin.

Experimental investigation and numerical simulation of large-sized aluminum tube extrusion forming

Large-sized aluminum tube has big section effect, aspect ratio and thin thickness, so that the extrusion technology is complex and the large specific pressure is generated in extrusion cavity. The temperature variation and velocity effect is difficult to control. The extrusion forming of large-sized aluminum tube was researched and simulated. Three-dimensional thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model was constructed and appropriate boundary conditions were given out. The results show that large-sized aluminum tube can be formed by isothermal extrusion through controlling the extrusion velocity and founding the relationship between extrusion velocity and extrusion temperature.

Design of a 70 MPa Two-Way Proportional Cartridge Valve for Large-Size Hydraulic Forging Press

For an ultra-high-pressure hydraulic transmission system of a large-size hydraulic forging press(LHFP),a 70 MPa two-way proportional cartridge valve has been developed to improve the power weight ratio of the hydraulic forging press.In this study,a nominal diameter 25 mm(DN25)cartridge valve is taken as the research object.A longer concentric cylindrical annular gap is set to effectively prevent the ultra-high-pressure oil from flowing to the pilot stage and a seated valve structure is set to form the linear sealing zone in the closing state of the main valve port.Electric-displacement feedback is adopted to realize precise control of the main valve port flow and the features of this valve are investigated.In order to verify the strength and static and dynamic characteristics,the finite element model and a simulation model of the valve proposed above are built.There is a little deformation which does not affect the main valve spool movement,and the main valve port flow meets the design demands.Then,the prototype of DN2570 TPCV is manufactured and a ultra-high-pressure experimental platform is developed.The experimental results show that the DN2570 TPCV designed in this study has the advantage of fast response,high control precision,and low leakage,which can meet the requirements of LHFPs.

Finite Element Analysis on the Uniaxial Compressive Behavior of Concrete with Large-Size Recycled Coarse Aggregate

To model the concrete with complex internal structure of concrete with large sized aggregates the effect of internal structure on uniaxial compression behavior are studied.Large-sized recycled aggregates behave differently in the concrete matrix.To understand the influence on concrete matrix,a finite element model was developed to model recycled aggregate concrete composed of multiple randomly distributed irregular aggregates and cement mortar.The model was used to calculate the effect of large-size recycled coarse aggregate(LRCA)on the strength of recycled aggregate concrete and simulate the compressive strength of cubes and prisms.The factors such as the strength of new concrete,the strength of old concrete,the defective element content,the shape of LRCA,the incorporation ratio of LRCA and the size of LRCA that can affect the strength of concrete are analyzed in this paper.Results showed that the influence of various factors on concrete strength are in the following desend-ing order:(i)strength of newly poured concrete;(ii)original strength of recycled aggregates;and(iii)defects.It can be seen that the cracking of the phase material elements starts along the bonding zones between gravel and mortar or the new and old mortar,then spreads to mortar and finally to LRCA.The cracking tendency is most significant in LRCA,which means that the fracturing is related to the fracture of the LRCA.After evaluating the variations in strength and quality of the recycled concrete,the influences on concrete strength and quality were studied.The results showed that the proposed concrete model with LRCA was successfully applied to studying the uniaxial compressive behavior of concrete with large-size recycled coarse aggregate.

中长周期波浪对斜坡堤扭王字块稳定性影响试验研究

本文针对中长周期波浪对斜坡堤扭王字块在位稳定性的影响开展了物理模拟试验,将高精度惯性姿态传感器与扭王字块固定,通过姿态传感器采集得到波浪作用下扭王字块的角速度时程,定量地分析波浪作用下斜坡堤扭王字块体的在位稳定性,探究了波浪周期和波高对于斜坡堤上扭王字块在位稳定性的影响。研究发现:波浪周期对扭王字块在位稳定性的影响呈非线性关系。随着波浪周期的增大,扭王字块的角速度幅值呈现出先增大、后减小、再增大的趋势。中等周期波浪作用下,静水面附近的扭王字块的变位最显著,而长周期波浪作用下,静水面上一倍波高处的扭王字块的变位最明显。

扭王块安装的传统工艺与可视化系统工艺对比研究

为提高CLI专利扭王块护面结构防波堤施工工艺,提升扭王块安装工效及质量,以阿尔及利亚斯基克达油气港改扩建工程和加纳特码集装箱码头工程为例,研究CLI专利扭王块安装标准、验收要求及施工工序流程;对传统模式安装工艺和采用英国Coda Octopus公司开发的Echoscope 3D声呐成像可视化系统辅助安装工艺进行分析,对比两种水下安装工艺的方法特点、作业窗口时间、工效、安全性、经济性、安装质量和精度等,为类似扭王块防波堤工程提供施工依据。

采用SVR法分析扭王字块体护面斜坡堤越浪量

现行《港口与航道水文规范》未给出扭王字块体护面有胸墙斜坡堤的平均越浪量与单波越浪量计算公式。文章综合考虑了坡度、波陡、相对坡肩宽度、相对胸墙高度、相对块体尺寸、相对堤顶超高和相对水深等诸多因素,开展波浪水槽的物理模型试验。为规避多元回归分析方法在拟合回归方程时的人为因素干扰,采用支持向量回归(SVR)分析方法进行试验的数据分析。通过与传统回归分析方法比较,发现SVR模型的计算精度更高,研究成果可供工程设计参考应用。

扭王字块体斜坡堤单波越浪量的试验研究

国内现行规范中没有给出关于有胸墙斜坡堤最大单波越浪量的计算方式,更缺少扭王字块体护面斜坡堤最大单波越浪量的计算方式。通过波浪水槽物理模型试验,综合考虑斜坡堤的坡度、相对堤顶超高、相对坡肩宽度、相对胸墙高度、相对块体尺寸、波陡和相对水深等诸多影响因素,利用单一变量法进行分析,运用多元回归拟合方法,给出扭王字块体护面结构影响系数及最大单波越浪量的计算公式。通过与其他学者物模试验值以及计算值的对比,表明该公式具有良好的准确性以及适用性。

某工程海堤护面结构优化研究

某工程中10 km的护岸设计采用大块石进行防护,然而由于石料市场供应不足,块石价格快速上涨,原设计方案面临着工期和造价失控的问题。通过分析原设计方案的断面特点,对护岸的护面结构进行了优化,采用人工块体Accropode护面,通过2D物模试验验证了优化设计方案的护面稳定性,同时对比分析了护岸优化前后的断面,采用Accropode块体,护面的稳定性更好,越浪量更小,且对整体稳定性影响不大,在石料供应不足的情况下,采用人工块体护面在性能、工期和造价方面有优势。

斜坡式防波堤堤后波高试验研究

通过斜坡式防波堤物理模型试验,研究堤后次生波波浪透射系数的变化规律,建立了堤顶相对出水高度H_(c)/H_(s)和相对堤顶宽度B/H_(s)与波高透射系数的关系并拟合非线性回归公式。同时采用本文拟合公式和经验公式对不同工况下的堤后次生波波高进行计算,并与试验结果对比。结果表明,本文拟合公式与试验结果最为吻合,具有良好的适用性,然后分析了其他经验公式计算结果的差异性。该成果可为工程实际以及由斜坡式防波堤堤顶允许越浪生成的堤后次生波计算提供参考依据。

Homogenous strength-toughness match for 20Mn2SiCrMoV bainitic large-size parts via processing of VC particles and quenching control

The problem of insufficient hardenability in general large-size parts always occurs in product manufacturing because of their large size,etc.It is restricted mainly by its own alloy composition with micro-alloy and key quenching and partitioning(Q&P) process.The relationship between the cooling rate and properties of small samples was analyzed as the basis of the initial cooling rate at different positions corresponding to large-size parts combined with controlled austenization temperature in this work.Typical as-treated micro structure after a fast cooling rate is mainly composed of lath bainite,martensite,and retained austenite(RA),while bainite and RA after a slow cooling rate.Simulations showed that cooling control via decreasing spray intensity,meeting higher strength at the surface,and good strength and toughness match can be obtained both at the surface and in the center.As-treated large ring part has~1330 MPa tensile strength and~95 J impact energy at the surface,and meantime,~1191 MPa tensile strength and~70 J impact energy in the center,which narrows the property difference.

Autonomous Formation Flight Control of Large-Sized Flapping-Wing Flying Robots Based on Leader–Follower Strategy

Birds in nature exhibit excellent long-distance flight capabilities through formation flight,which could reduce energy consumption and improve flight efficiency.Inspired by the biological habits of birds,this paper proposes an autonomous formation flight control method for Large-sized Flapping-Wing Flying Robots(LFWFRs),which can enhance their search range and flight efficiency.First,the kinematics model for LFWFRs is established.Then,an autonomous flight controller based on this model is designed,which has multiple flight control modes,including attitude stabilization,course keeping,hovering,and so on.Second,a formation flight control method is proposed based on the leader–follower strategy and periodic characteristics of flapping-wing flight.The up and down fluctuation of the fuselage of each LFWFR during wing flapping is considered in the control algorithm to keep the relative distance,which overcomes the trajectory divergence caused by sensor delay and fuselage fluctuation.Third,typical formation flight modes are realized,including straight formation,circular formation,and switching formation.Finally,the outdoor formation flight experiment is carried out,and the proposed autonomous formation flight control method is verified in real environment.

三维可视化安装系统POSIBLOC的技术分析与实际应用

在长周期波浪下进行吊装防护块体ACCROPODE,如单独依靠操作人员控制防护块体的平面位置及姿态安装,不仅难度大耗时长,而且往往需要具备潜水员进行辅助安装,不仅危险系数大而且安装效率慢。本文主要阐述使用新型防护块体安装系统POSIBLOC对防护块体ACCROPODE进行三维可视化定位安装,既能做到全时效性施工,也能实时显示三维防护块体的姿态、方向、平面位置及高程信息,实时辅助引导操作人员进行精准定位安装。省去潜水员下水辅助安装的时间差及危险性,提高防护块体的安装位置及姿态精度,减少由于人为操作误差所带来的影响。并且还能保存所安装后的防护块体平面位置、高程以及姿态信息,直接生成安装报告为安装工程及验收提供便捷及高效的作用。