A Comparison of Pound's Poetic Ideas and Some Chinese Poetic Principles-Using the Translation of "The Jewel Stairs' Grievance" as a Case in Point

The prominent features of Li Bai's "The Jewel Stairs'Grievance" are precise diction;implicit meaning;an absent narrator;and a seamless unity of images and feelings.Pound's translation of it in Cathay reveals some kind of connections between some Chinese poetic principals and Pound's individual poetics.

Practical Use of Stairs to Assess Fitness, Prescribe and Perform Physical Activity Training

Aim: Evaluating climbing stairs for prescription and implementation of physical activity regimes. Methods: Healthy females (F, n = 14), and males (M, n = 15) participated. By climbing 100 steps of stairs with 0.173 m height, Heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake were measured throughout the floors;Blood pressure (BP) was measured at ground and the 5th floors only. Results: Energy increased from 2 to 7.6 was metabolic equivalents (METs = 3.5 ml O2/min.kg) at 17.3 m elevation in 2 min. at the 5th floor, and percent Heart Rate Reserve (%HRR) was 66.17% in F and 48.7% in M, proportional to their aerobic efforts. Average climbing efficiency was 15.8 ± 2.3% (n = 29). Aerobic capacity estimated dividing the highest work rate (17.3 Kg.m/2min.Kg × 0.00239 = 0.0207 Kcal/min.Kg), by fractional effort (F = 0.6617, M = 0.487) and fractional efficiency (0.158), at 5 Kcal/L O2 was 0.040 in F and 0.054 L O2/Kg.min in M. Minimum training intensity reached at the 3rd floor by F. In M the highest %HRR reached was 48.7% at the 5th floor, insufficient for training. Conclusions: Stairs used for submaximal evaluation of aerobic capacity and for target intensity prescription. Training, levels climbed, repetitions per day (if 5, 100 Kcal per day, ascending) and number of days/week are adjusted. Full regime requires up to 7.6 METs, a total of 532 and 140 MET.min/week ascending and descending, respectively. Intensities >7.6 MET, climbing rate should be >8.65 m/min. Limiting ascent to 1 (3.5 METs) or 2 (5.5 METs) floors or only descents (2 - 3 METs) may be used for unfit subjects. This method is useful for those with no access to sophisticated facilities.

Form Art and Function Analysis of Outdoor Stairs

Stairs are an important structural component in the architectural space design.It not only serves as a link between landscapes,but also a highlight of the space.Interpretation of stairs can be carried out from the form and function of stairs.This paper mainly takes the outdoor stairs as the research object,which is a building component to solve the vertical traffic function of the building,and selects some stairs designs worldwide for the analysis.Focusing on architectural design,the study investigates the expression form of each component of the outdoor stairs,and explores the diversified designs of the stairs.The paper urges designers to pay close attention to the problems of stair design in essence,to deeply understand the forms and methods of stair expression,to expand the breadth of architectural design thinking,to pursue in-depth understanding of the inherent laws of building generation,and to improve the quality of architecture.

Stair climbing,genetic predisposition,and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes:A large population-based prospective cohort study

Background:Cross-sectional evidence and small-scale trials suggest positive effects of stair climbing on cardiometabolic disease and glucose regulation.However,few studies have examined the long-term association between stair climbing and the incidence of type 2 diabetes(T2D).We aimed to prospectively evaluate the association of stair climbing with T2D and assess modifications by genetic predisposition to T2D.Methods:We included 451,699 adults(mean age=56.3±8.1 years,mean±SD;55.2%females)without T2D at baseline in the UK Biobank and followed up to March 31,2021.Stair climbing information was collected through the touchscreen questionnaire.Genetic risk score for T2D consisted of 424 single nucleotide polymorphisms.Results:During a median follow up of 12.1 years,14,896 T2D cases were documented.Compared with participants who reported no stair climbing,those who climbed stairs regularly had a lower risk of incident T2D(10-50 steps/day:hazard ratio(HR)=0.95,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.89-1.00;60-100 steps/day:HR=0.92,95%CI:0.87-0.98;110-150 steps/day:HR=0.86,95%CI:0.80-0.91;>150 steps/day:HR=0.93,95%CI:0.87-0.99,p for trend=0.0007).We observed a significant interaction between stair climbing and genetic risk score on the subsequent T2D risk(p for interaction=0.0004),where the risk of T2D showed a downward trend in subjects with low genetic risk and those who reported stair climbing activity of 110-150 steps/day appeared to have the lowest overall T2D risk among those with intermediate to high genetic risk.Conclusion:A higher number of stairs climbed at home was associated with lower T2D incidence risk,especially among individuals with a low genetic predisposition to T2D.These findings highlight that stair climbing,as incidental physical activity,offers a simple and low-cost complement to public health interventions for T2D prevention.

阶梯碳下考虑耦合电转气-碳捕集和热电联产灵活输出的综合能源系统优化调度

“双碳”目标下,为进一步降低综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)碳排放,提升可再生能源消纳能力,提出一种IES低碳经济运行优化策略。首先引入阶梯型碳交易机制约束IES的碳排放;然后建立耦合电转气(power to gas,P2G)和碳捕集系统(carbon capture system,CCS)模型,并细化P2G两阶段运行;接着在传统热电联产机组(combined heat and power,CHP)中引入卡琳娜循环与电锅炉联合运行,构造热电灵活输出的CHP模型;最后以系统运维成本、碳交易成本、购能成本和弃风弃光成本之和最小为优化目标,构建IES低碳经济调度模型,并设置不同运行场景对比分析。结果表明:IES碳排放减少38.45%,运行总成本降低10.37%,验证了所建模型的低碳性和经济性。

偏瘫患者下台阶过程下肢生物力学特征分析

目的对比分析偏瘫患者以不同方式下台阶过程中下肢生物力学特征,为降低患者下台阶过程中的跌倒风险提供理论依据。方法选取10名正常人和20名符合要求的偏瘫患者,使用Qualisys动作捕捉系统和Kistler三维测力台对受试者下台阶过程中的运动学和动力学数据进行收集,分析其在下台阶过程中的生物力学特征和跌倒风险。结果相较于正常人和先用健足下台阶(steps on the healthy side,SHS),先用患足下台阶(steps on the affected side,SAS)时,患侧下肢各关节屈伸活动幅度较小;SHS降低了健侧膝关节屈伸活动幅度,患侧下肢各关节屈伸活动幅度较SAS大;SAS下台阶左右方向地面反作用力(ground reaction force,GRF)曲线变化与正常人较为一致,患侧落地瞬间垂直GRF最大为1.05倍体重,健侧为1.25倍体重,低于正常人(1.5倍体重);SHS下台阶健侧落地瞬间最大垂直GRF为1.85倍体重,高于SAS和正常人。结论相较于SAS,患者使用SHS下台阶患侧关节活动幅度和落地瞬间垂直GRF较大,更难掌握。SAS更符合偏瘫患者下台阶的生物力学特征。

单间室与全膝关节置换术对膝骨关节炎患者楼梯行走时生物力学特征的影响

目的探究单间室膝关节置换术(unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,UKA)与全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)对膝骨关节炎术后的临床疗效。方法随机招募TKA患者21例、UKA患者15例。分别在术前以及术后6、12个月进行生物力学测试。采用Vicon红外动作捕捉系统和Kistler三维测力台同步采集受试者楼梯行走的运动学和动力学数据。结果在上楼梯时,TKA组受试者术前膝屈曲力矩峰值显著低于UKA组,术后6个月到达膝屈曲/内收力矩峰值时间、膝屈曲力矩冲量及膝内收力矩峰值负载率显著小于UKA组。在下楼梯时,UKA组术前和术后6个月伸膝功率峰值显著较小,垂直地面反作用力峰值负载率术前显著较大,膝伸展力矩峰值术后6个月显著较大;在术后12个月,楼梯行走的生物力学特征未出现明显的差异性。结论TKA组和UKA组在手术后表现出相似的膝关节功能,但TKA组可能采取不同于UKA组的下肢生物力学模式。在楼梯行走时,UKA组术后表现出更好的股四头肌控制能力,提高了楼梯行走尤其是下楼梯的姿势控制能力,而TKA组则采取保守的楼梯步态策略以降低楼梯行走的膝关节负荷。相比于力矩峰值,到达力矩峰值的时间及力矩峰值负载率是发现膝关节负荷差异性更灵敏的指标。

隧道中的全预制装配式混凝土楼梯施工技术研究

针对传统市政领域用混凝土现浇楼梯结构施工时需进行外围脚手架搭设,现场人工、模板、支撑构件等消耗量大,混凝土浇筑和振捣困难,施工周期较长的问题,基于一项设计优化后的全预制混凝土楼梯方案,将楼梯结构中的预制梯段板、梯柱、梯梁和平台板构件全部预制,仅部分节点和拉结梁采用现浇,大大减少了现场脚手架搭设和支模板支设工作。通过研究和编制专项构件预制方案、装配式楼梯施工方案,利用装配式施工优势提升了构件质量,改进了现场施工条件,缩减了施工周期,总体应用效果良好。总结的经验可供类似工程参考。

老年人上下楼梯肌肉激活特征与跌倒风险的关系

背景:在楼梯步行中,不同肌肉协同工作、相互代偿,衰弱的肌肉力量是否真正影响老年人楼梯跌倒风险尚不清楚。利用实时老年人楼梯步行的肌电信号来反映老年人楼梯步行中跌倒风险高低,或许可以进一步提升预测方法的准确性。目的:探究楼梯行走过程中老龄化对老年人下肢肌肉激活的影响,并分析其肌肉激活特征与楼梯跌倒风险的关系。方法:受试者按年龄分为老年组(n=19)和青年组(n=18),要求以自然速度上下10个台阶的楼梯,结合表面肌电技术采集楼梯步行肌电信号计算均方根(RMS),分析肌肉激活程度的差异。利用logistic回归分析,纳入股外侧肌和腓肠肌RMS建立老年人楼梯跌倒风险预测模型,通过受试者工作特征曲线及曲线下面积评价模型的区分度,采用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验评价模型的拟合度。结果与结论:(1)老年人上、下楼梯时股直肌(Z=-3.464,P=0.001;t=3.379,P=0.002)和腓肠肌外侧(Z=-2.978,P=0.003;Z=-3.555,P <0.001)激活程度高于年轻人;(2)老年人上楼梯胫骨前肌(Z=-2.350,P=0.019)和腓肠肌内侧(Z=2.321,P=0.020)、外侧(t=3.158,P=0.004)激活程度高于下楼梯时;(3)有跌倒风险的老年人上楼梯股外侧肌(Z=-2.613,P=0.009)、腓肠肌内侧(Z=-2.286,P=0.022)和下楼梯股外侧肌(Z=-2.368,P=0.018)激活程度小于没有跌倒风险的老年人;(4)基于肌电信号建立的老年人楼梯跌倒预测模型预测能力、拟合度和区分度良好,模型系数的Omnibus检验的P值为0.010,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验P值为0.214,曲线下面积上楼梯股外侧肌RMS=0.856,P=0.009;(5)模型以上楼梯股外侧肌RMS值38.64为分界值,老年人上楼梯股外侧肌RMS每减小一个单位,楼梯跌倒风险增加0.952倍。

预制钢-混凝土组合楼梯抗弯性能与舒适度分析

为推进组合材料在建筑结构中的应用,对预制钢-混凝土组合楼梯踏步的抗弯性能和楼梯整体的舒适度进行研究。进行6个楼梯踏步试件的四点弯曲试验,主要探究抗剪件形式和踏步与梯梁的连接方式对楼梯踏步承载性能的影响。试验结果表明,相对于角钢和栓钉抗剪件,槽钢抗剪件对楼梯踏步的承载力提升更为显著。此外,焊接试件的承载力受抗剪件的影响较小,并且高于简支试件的承载力,在今后的工程应用中,焊接可以作为钢-混凝土组合楼梯踏步与梯梁连接的主要方式。为了更准确地研究楼梯踏步的力学行为,使用ABAQUS有限元软件对其进行建模,该有限元模型能够准确模拟楼梯踏步的力学行为。在验证模型准确性的基础上,对整体楼梯进行舒适度分析。结果表明,在规范限值范围内,楼梯的自振频率和人致激励下的加速度响应均满足行走的舒适度要求,使用过程中不会引起明显不适,符合人体工程学的要求。试验和建模分析证明,槽钢抗剪件对楼梯踏步的承载力提升效果更好,焊接可以作为楼梯踏步与梯梁的连接方式,并且楼梯的舒适度满足规范要求。

基因预测的爬楼梯频率对肺癌风险的影响:孟德尔随机化研究

目的采用孟德尔随机化(Mendelian randomization,MR)探索爬楼梯频率(frequency of stair climbing,FSC)与肺癌(lung cancer,LC)风险之间的因果关系。方法首先,在IEU OpenGWAS数据库中获取FSC、LC风险因素和LC风险的相关全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)数据;其次,通过MR确定FSC、LC风险因素和LC风险之间的因果联系,并分析体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)和吸烟行为在FSC与LC风险之间的作用比例;然后,利用连锁不平衡分数回归进一步验证这一关系;最后,通过贝叶斯共定位方法探索可能影响FSC降低LC风险的分子机制。结果MR分析的逆方差加权法(inverse-variance weighting,IVW)结果表明,基于GWAS预测的FSC与LC风险呈现出显著的负因果关系(IVW:OR 0.611,95%CI 0.503~0.743,P=0.011)。在不同类型的肺癌中,FSC与鳞状细胞肺癌(lung squamous cell carcinoma,LUSC)风险(IVW:OR 0.506,95%CI 0.370~0.693,P=0.030)、小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)风险(IVW:OR 0.380,95%CI 0.248~0.583,P=0.023)、以及吸烟者肺癌风险(IVW:OR 0.599,95%CI 0.485~0.739,P=0.015)均呈现出显著的负因果关系。此外,BMI(IVW:OR 1.218,95%CI 1.144~1.298,P=0.001)、COPD(IVW:OR 2.003,95%CI 1.652~2.430,P<0.001)和曾经吸烟(IVW:OR 2.139,95%CI 1.731~2.644,P<0.001)与LC风险均呈现出显著的正因果关系,从不吸烟与LC风险呈现出显著的负因果关系(IVW:OR 0.382,95%CI 0.317~0.462,P<0.001)。FSC还与BMI(IVW:OR 0.740,95%CI 0.683~0.802,P<0.001)、COPD(IVW:OR 0.541,95%CI 0.446~0.655,P=0.001)、曾经吸烟(IVW:OR 0.951,95%CI 0.932~0.970,P=0.021)呈现出显著的负因果关系,且与从不吸烟呈现出显著的正因果关系(IVW:OR 1.094,95%CI 1.072~1.116,P<0.001)。多变量MR(multivariable MR,MVMR)结果表明,在FSC与LC风险的因果效应之间,BMI、COPD、曾经吸烟和从不吸烟的介导比例分别为2.2%,78.7%,5.7%和15.2%。连锁不平衡分数回归方法证明了FSC与LC、LUSC、SCLC和吸烟者肺癌之间存在遗传相关性。贝叶斯共定位分析显示,FSC对LC风险的影响可能通过KPC1、UBA7、CTD-2330K9.3、GNAT1、MARK3、RPL10AP1和ERCC8等基因产生。结论孟德尔随机化研究表明FSC增加可能会降低LC风险,这一关系部分由BMI、COPD和吸烟介导。

Oxygen uptake response to switching stairs exercise by non-parametric modeling

Oxygen uptake plays a crucial role in the evaluation of endurance performance during exercise and is extensively utilized for metabolic assessment. This study records the oxygen uptake during the exercise phase (i.e., ascending or descending) of the stair exercise, utilizing an experimental dataset that includes ten participants and covers various exercise periods. Based on the designed experiment protocol, a non-parametric modeling method with kernel-based regularization is generally applied to estimate the oxygen uptake changes during the switching stairs exercise, which closely resembles daily life activities. The modeling results indicate the effectiveness of the non-parametric modeling approach when compared to fixed-order models in terms of accuracy, stability, and compatibility. The influence of exercise duration on estimated fitness reveals that the model of the phase-oxygen uptake system is not time-invariant related to respiratory metabolism regulation and muscle fatigue. Consequently, it allows us to study the humans’ conversion mechanism at different metabolic rates and facilitates the standardization and development of exercise prescriptions.

The Whole Theory of This Universe—A Step Forward to Einstein. Part-4: “Concept Map of Rotating Universe”

The article collectively proposes a revolutionary perspective on the universe, intertwining concepts of time, spatial positioning, and cosmic dynamics. We introduce the idea of a rotating universe centered around Mega Central Energy Pools (MCEPs), where time varies relative to the distance from the universe’s center, potentially enabling time travel. This model challenges conventional notions of time and cosmology, suggesting that black holes and white holes act as cosmic recycling factories. Additionally, this model unveils a novel theory of dark matter, positing photons as its constituents and highlighting their role in energy transfer across the cosmos. Furthermore, the investigation into Venus’s unique day-length-to-year-length ratio unveils a microscopic mechanism involving swirling energy droplets, charged particles, and field interactions, offering insights into planetary dynamics on both micro and macro scales.

基于生物力学探讨恐动症对膝骨关节炎患者姿势稳定性的影响

目的:使用三维运动分析系统观察不同严重程度的膝骨关节炎(Knee Osteoarthritis,KOA)恐动症(低KOA恐动症、高KOA恐动症)患者与年龄匹配的无KOA症状人群在登梯过程中姿势稳定性和下肢关节角度的差异。方法:运用三维运动分析系统检测低KOA恐动症患者、高KOA恐动症患者和无KOA症状人群共78例受试者在登梯过程中的姿势稳定性(Mar‐gin of Stability,MoS)和关节角度等生物力学因素的差异。结果:低、高KOA恐动症患者在登梯过程中在矢状面和冠状面MoS较差,上梯时髋屈曲和内收最大角度及膝屈伸活动范围均增加;低KOA恐动症患者踝背屈和膝屈曲最大角度均减小;低KOA恐动症患者膝屈曲最大角度低于高KOA恐动症患者。下梯时,低、高KOA恐动症患者髋屈曲最大角度增加,低KOA恐动症患者踝内外翻活动范围增加,高KOA恐动症患者髋内收最大角度增加。结论:低、高KOA恐动症患者在登梯时矢状面和冠状面稳定性较差,但未发现恐动症对KOA患者的显著影响。

楼梯处行人行为对高层建筑应急疏散的影响研究

为研究人员密集情况下楼梯处行人行为对应急疏散的影响,通过现场观测获得某9层建筑楼梯处行人的个体和群体移动特征和基本运动参数,采用社会力模型和Anylogic 8.3软件构建楼梯疏散模型,模拟研究建筑疏散用时和楼梯处拥堵情况。研究表明:楼梯处行人行进速度与人流密度呈反比,上楼速度受人流密度影响较大,下楼时男女速度存在显著性差异,且男性行进速度离散型大于女性;楼梯中间平台是疏散过程中主要的拥堵地点;9层建筑的第四层为最大拥堵点,人员到达第四层向下疏散的用时明显加长,疏散压力较大。建议高层建筑疏散过程中在中间楼层设置疏散引导人员,做好对人群的引导和安抚工作。

某长悬挑钢结构螺旋楼梯舒适度分析

钢结构螺旋楼梯作为一种小型空间结构越来越受到青睐。在计算螺旋楼梯舒适度方面,目前国内外并无相应的指导标准。参考国内外相关资料,对钢结构楼梯行人荷载选取、铺装面层的影响、舒适度评价标准等方面进研究。基于实际项目采用时程分析法对不同荷载工况下的楼梯舒适度进行分析。结果表明,对于单侧梁悬挑式螺旋楼梯,面层对结构的刚度影响较小,设计时可忽略其刚度影响;在忽略人体的阻尼的影响时,采用相应楼梯上的行人荷载计算,加速度计算结果会偏大,建议采用三向加权均方根加速度的标准评判舒适度。而在人群荷载下,由于楼梯螺旋导致的水平荷载方向不同,存在抵消作用,楼梯水平反应较小,因此在对螺旋楼梯舒适度进行评价时,水平刚度满足的前提下,可只考虑竖向加速度。

预制楼梯木-型钢组合模具技术研究与应用

以预制楼梯在某项目中的应用为例,针对预制楼梯规格繁多、模具重复利用率较低、摊销成本较高等现状,探索一种木-型钢组合模具。分别从预制楼梯规格标准化、模具方案设计、模具拼装及后期施工各工序等方面的关键技术进行分析与研究。项目实践表明:木-型钢组合模具代替钢模具可大幅度降低模具成本,提高生产效率,保证楼梯外观质量的稳定性,降低生产成本,提高产品市场竞争力。

The Jewel Stair’s Grievance(《玉阶之怨》)视觉意象的美学解读

视觉意象是诗歌中最常见的一种意象,是诗人对所见之景象的语言描述,是外在之象与内在之意的一种有机联系,逼真地反映诗人的内心世界和作品的主题。文章从视觉意象出发,对英诗TheJewelStair’sGrievance(《玉阶之怨》)进行美学解读,以帮助学习者更好地欣赏诗歌,领会作品主题,增强诗歌的审美情趣。

城市轨道交通兼容性车载系统阶梯形目标速度的平滑跟踪控制研究

[目的]针对城市轨道交通兼容性车载系统中目标速度消息周期大于车载控制周期以及消息间隔不固定的特殊现象,提出了一种双周期速度跟踪算法来实现阶梯形目标速度的平滑跟踪目的。[方法]根据目标速度序列特点,引入了巡航状态和估计状态等2个控车状态,对列车站前减速过程进行识别。分别对消息周期和车载控制周期时刻的目标速度进行相应处理:当收到目标速度的消息周期时,基于卡尔曼滤波算法计算参考速度、参考加速度的估计值;当未收到目标速度的车载控制周期时,基于上述估计结果推算出车载控制使用的参考速度。考虑到目标速度消息滞后以及列车响应延时的特性,设计了拟平行参考速度跟踪控制策略。以上海轨道交通2号线为例,对参考加速度估计效果和不同运营等级场景下的控车效果进行了分析。[结果及结论]案例表明,上述算法可以克服目标速度消息周期长且间隔不固定所带来的控车工况频繁切换问题,避免了兼容性车载系统阶梯形目标速度曲线跟踪过程中控制命令饱和以及速度曲线凹坑现象,实现了列车在站前减速过程中的平稳控制,提高了乘客舒适度,减少了列车制动损耗,节约了牵引能耗。

荷载作用下室外钢楼梯震动监测与控制关键技术研究

本文基于钢结构材料力学特性以及震动控制理论,研究了荷载作用下室外钢楼梯的震动监测与控制关键技术。通过对室外钢楼梯的结构参数、荷载特性以及环境条件进行分析,提出了一种基于传感器的实时监测与控制方案,以减少震动对人员使用的影响。该方案结合了传感器数据的实时处理和反馈控制算法的设计,具有较高的实时性和准确性,可以有效降低室外钢楼梯的振动幅度,提高其使用安全性。