Applications of Ultrasonic Detection Technology in Bridge Concrete Pile Foundation Detection

In this paper,the application strategy of ultrasonic detection technology in the detection of concrete foundation piles is analyzed using a construction project as an example.It includes a basic overview of the project,an overview of ultrasonic testing technology in bridge concrete pile foundation testing,and an analysis of its practical application in the concrete pile foundation testing of this project.The objective of this analysis is to provide some reference for the application of ultrasonic testing technology and the improvement of the quality of bridge concrete pile foundation testing.

Deformation and failure modes of composite foundation with sub-embankment plain concrete piles

With the development of high-speed railway in China, composite foundation with rigid piles has become a stamdard solution of meeting the high requirements of stability and post-construction settlement of embankment on soft subgrade. Among several im- provement pattems, plain concrete piles have been extensively used to treat soft ground supported embankment. To investigate the deformation and failure modes of unimproved soft ground and soft ground reinforced by sub-embankment plain concrete piles, and to learn the influences of track and vehicle load, the effect of pile spacing, as well as the compression moduli of soil layers and upper load condition on the failure modes, a series of centrifuge model tests were performed. Test results indicate that the dis- placement of unimproved soft ground under the embankment increases continuously as embankment, track and train loading, and slip circle failure takes place. The deformation law of soft ground reinforced by sub-embankment plain concrete piles depends on pile spacing, compression modulus of the soft ground, and loading conditions. It was also found that plain concrete piles show displacement and failure patterns depending on its location, compression modulus of soft soil around the pile, and loading condi- tions. Furthermore, the evaluation of improved ground stability as well as the model test procedure is also presented.

Experimental Study on Friction Coefficient Between Concrete and the Top Surface of Rubble Mound Foundation

Experimental studies on the friction coefficient between concrete and the top surface of a rubble mound foundation in China are reviewed. Through comparison of different test results, the development of this research is comprehensively analyzed. An experiment is carried out in the condition similar to prototype. The process curve of friction coefficient with the test block sliding is analyzed and a standard for determination of the friction coefficient is defined. The variation features of the friction coefficient are analyzed on the basis of the present experimental results and other studies in China. It is shown that the friction coefficient between concrete and the top surface of a rubble mound foundation decreases with the increase of the foundation pressure, and the friction coefficient for a very fine leveling bed is smaller than that for a fine leveling bed.

Engineering Geological Investigations for the Foundations of Large Structures-Examples of a Concrete Dam and a long Bridge in Portugal

The safety of large structures requires adequate foundations, which implies a good knowledge of the geological and geotechnical conditions of the respective ground. In general, that is only possible through engineering geological studies which include proper site investigation techniques, adapted to the nature of the ground (rock mass or soil) and to the associated engineering problems. The paper illustrates the studies carried out for the design of the foundations of Ribeiradio 76 m high concrete gravity dam in a difficult rock mass and of Vasco da Gama Bridge, 13 km long, crossing the Tagus River in Lisbon, Portugal, through piles 75 m deep.

Construction Technical Temperature Cracking for a and Control of Concrete Plate Type Raft Foundation

The mass fiat raft foundation Section is large and Cement is in large quantities, the temperature changes in the larger cement hydration heat of the water releasing, the temperature stress is main reason reducing cracking. According to the basement of a project of Guangzhou large slab raft foundation engineering as an example, Discussing the construction technology measures of early crack of large volume concrete of raft plate in the process of construction,. The results show that it Can effectively prevents the slab foundation structure cracking and achieves good results through controlling Concrete materials and concrete temperature Parameter such as the lifting machine temperature and the pouring temperature and the expansion joint or the whole pouring length.

The analysis for stress-strain characteristics of concrete cutoff wall built in deep cladding foundation

Combined with a proposed homogeneous earth dam in deep cladding foundation, Duncan E-B model is applied to simulate dam-filled material, apply to three-dimensional nonlinear finite element method, attain the stress-strain distribution and alteration in concrete cutoff wall in completion and water storage periods, analysis the stress state in the contact element between concrete cutoff wall and cladding foundation, provide the corresponding measures. The calculation results show that the design of concrete cutoff wall and homogeneous earth dam is reasonable.

Field observation of the thermal disturbance and freezeback processes of cast-in-place pile foundations in warm permafrost regions

The bearing capacity of pile foundations is affected by the temperature of the frozen soil around pile foundations.The construction process and the hydration heat of cast-in-place(CIP)pile foundations affect the thermal stability of permafrost.In this paper,temperature data from inside multiple CIP piles,borehole observations of ground thermal status adjacent to the foundations and local weather stations were monitored in warm permafrost regions to study the thermal influence process of CIP pile foundations.The following conclusions are drawn from the field observation data.(1)The early temperature change process of different CIP piles is different,and the differences gradually diminish over time.(2)The initial concrete temperature is linearly related with the air temperature,net radiation and wind speed within 1 h before the completion of concrete pouring;the contributions of the air temperature,net radiation,and wind speed to the initial concrete temperature are 51.9%,20.3%and 27.9%,respectively.(3)The outer boundary of the thermal disturbance annulus is approximately 2 m away from the pile center.It took more than 224 days for the soil around the CIP piles to return to the natural permafrost temperature at the study site.

Construction Technology of Deep Foundation Pit Support in Municipal Civil Engineering Foundation Construction

Municipal civil engineering is the key content of municipal construction,and the construction scale is usually large.The quality of the project plays an important role in the development of urban economy.Due to the rapid increase of high-rise buildings,skyscrapers and underground buildings,the construction technology of deep foundation pit support has gradually become an indispensable construction technology.Therefore,the selection of foundation pit support construction technology is crucial in ensuring that whether the foundation is firm and stable,and whether the subsequent construction activities can be carried out smoothly.In view of this,the article discusses the application of deep foundation pit support construction technology in municipal civil engineering,aiming to provide reference for subsequent projects.

Seismic safety of high concrete dams

China is a country of high seismicity with many hydropower resources. Recently,a series of high arch dams have either been completed or are being constructed in seismic regions,of which most are concrete dams. The evaluation of seismic safety often becomes a critical problem in dam design. In this paper,a brief introduction to major progress in the research on seismic aspects of large concrete dams,conducted mainly at the Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research(IWHR) during the past 60 years,is presented. The dam site-specific ground motion input,improved response analysis,dynamic model test verification,field experiment investigations,dynamic behavior of dam concrete,and seismic monitoring and observation are described. Methods to prevent collapse of high concrete dams under maximum credible earthquakes are discussed.

Earthquake safety assessment of concrete arch and gravity dams

Based on research studies currently being carried out at Dalian University of Technology, some important aspects for the earthquake safety assessmcnt of concrete dams are reviewed and discussed. First, the rate-dependent behavior of concrcte subjected to earthquake loading is examined, emphasizing the properties of concrete under cyclic and biaxial loading conditions. Second, a modified four-parameter Hsieh-Ting-Chen viscoplastic consistency model is developed to simulate the rate-dependent behavior of concrete. The earthquake response of a 278m high arch dam is analyzed, and the results show that the strain-rate effects become noticeable in the inelastic range, Third, a more accurate non-smooth Newton algorithm for the solution of three-dimensional frictional contact problems is developed to study the joint opening effects of arch dams during strong earthquakes. Such effects on two nearly 300m high arch dams have been studied. It was found that the canyon shape has great influence on the magnitude and distribution of the joint opening along the dam axis. Fourth, the scaled boundary finite element method presented by Song and Wolf is employed to study the dam-reservoir-foundation interaction effects of concrete dams. Particular emphases were placed on the variation of foundation stiffness and the anisotropic behavior of the foundation material on the dynamic response of concrete dams. Finally, nonlinear modeling of concrete to study the damage evolution of concrete dams during strong earthquakes is discussed. An elastic-damage mechanics approach for damage prediction of concrete gravity dams is described as an example. These findings are helpful in understanding the dynamic behavior of concrete dams and promoting the improvement of seismic safety assessment methods.

多元结构地基对防渗墙渗透溶蚀演化规律的影响

深厚覆盖层地基渗透性能和厚度变化会影响坝基渗流场的分布,进而改变坝基防渗墙溶蚀演化进程。为研究多元结构地基变化对防渗墙渗透溶蚀的影响机制,结合流体力学、化学动力学理论和对流-扩散方程,提出覆盖层地基混凝土防渗墙渗透溶蚀耦合分析模型,研究强透水层、弱透水层和第三透水层厚度及渗透系数对防渗墙中钙离子浓度、孔隙率和渗流特性的影响。结果表明:随服役年份增长,防渗墙钙离子浓度表现为先快速增长至峰值,随后不断下降的趋势,孔隙率和渗透系数呈指数型增长变化规律,大坝总渗透流量不断增大;各影响因素中,弱透水层渗透系数对防渗墙钙离子浓度、孔隙率和大坝总渗流量的影响最大,其次为强透水层厚度及其渗透系数;各工况下混凝土防渗墙使用年限为38.46~44.00年。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层多元结构地基上的土石坝工程的长效服役性能评估提供理论依据。

开挖顺序及内支撑早期刚度对软土基坑稳定性影响规律

深基坑开挖变形控制是软土基坑工程的难题,工程中常采用密集的混凝土内支撑来提高支撑刚度,然而实际工程中未能合理考虑软土深基坑的开挖顺序和混凝土内支撑早期刚度影响,往往导致基坑实际变形远大于设计值。结合珠三角水资源配置工程的软土深基坑,利用验证后的数值模拟方法研究了不同开挖顺序及混凝土内支撑早期刚度对基坑受力和变形特性的影响规律,得出了分层分区非对称开挖和对称开挖对地连墙水平位移和地表沉降的影响规律。结果表明:尽管非对称开挖会造成基坑两侧的地连墙位移和地表沉降差异,但是密集内支撑条件下非对称开挖比对称开挖对于基坑周围地表沉降和地连墙水平位移影响更小并能够大量节约工期;受混凝土内支撑早期刚度影响,施作内支撑后越早进入下一步开挖,地连墙水平位移和周围地表沉降越大;考虑内支撑早期刚度影响时基坑上部的内支撑轴力会增大,而下部的内支撑轴力会减小,早期刚度越小,这种趋势越明显;现场施工时难以实时动态监测混凝土的弹性模量,极易造成内支撑轴力的早期监测数据失真,甚至给工程带来错误决策。

钙质砂地基中群桩基础荷载传递特性研究

为研究钙质砂地基中群桩基础承载过程中的性能特征,开展不同桩距条件下群桩基础静载试验.得到不同桩距条件下群桩的Q-S曲线和S-lgt曲线,测得3d、4.5d、6d(d为桩径)群桩在静载条件下的极限承载力F_(u),研究各个桩段的桩身轴力、桩侧摩阻力以及桩端阻力的变化趋势.研究结果表明:群桩的Q-S曲线为缓变型,S-lgt曲线为渐变型,桩基承载变形大致分为稳定、渐进以及破坏3个阶段,相较于3d群桩,4.5d、6d群桩沉降发展更缓慢,F_(u)更高;同等桩距下,钙质砂地基表现出比陆源砂地基更强的群桩效应,钙质砂地基中群桩最佳桩距应在4.5d~6d之间.该研究为群桩在钙质砂地基中的应用提供数据支撑和理论参考.

高层房屋建筑施工技术要点

文章以山西省太原市某高层住宅工程为例,从深基坑支护、地基处理以及大体积混凝土施工等方面,详细阐述具体的施工技术要点与注意事项,以期为相关从业人员提供参考,全面提高高层房屋建筑施工质量,打造高品质建筑产品。

成都天府国际机场航站区室外排水管道设计

介绍了成都天府国际机场航站区室外排水管道设计,重点分析了减少管道埋深的措施和结构基础对排水管道布置的影响。项目排水管道与传统建筑工程的排水管道相比,其管径更大,覆土更深,与市政排水管道相比,其安装受到更多的限制。针对狭窄空间,对传统跌水井进行改进,提出了一种尺寸更小、安装更灵活的跌水井方案。其中,设计了一种供多支管接入的矩形混凝土检查井,可有效减少支管检查井数量,节省造价。

岩体地基抗剪刚度系数试验研究

地基抗剪刚度系数反映了地基对上部结构在水平方向的约束强弱程度,直接影响地基上浇筑的混凝土结构温度约束应力的大小,是控制混凝土底板温度裂缝的关键参数之一。为完善温度约束应力计算中地基抗剪刚度系数的取值,基于岩体地基防水层底板温度应力监测现场试验,计算得到岩体地基防水层构造条件下地基抗剪刚度系数取值;而后进行了岩体地基上的防水层、垫层、滑动层3种构造条件的动力特性测试试验,基于量纲分析计算出了垫层和滑动层构造条件下的地基抗剪刚度系数取值。

桩—土—钢、砼结构动力相互作用试验对比研究

为了分析不同上部结构-桩-土相互作用规律,分别进行了钢框架结构-桩-土模型和混凝土结构-桩-土模型的振动台试验,并对试验模型进行了相应的有限元数值模拟分析。试验采用三维叠层剪切模型箱,土体为均匀粉质黏土,钢结构和混凝土结构模型为简化的3层框架结构,桩基为3×3根群桩,桩径为10 cm,桩长为200 cm,输入为人工地震动时程,按时间相似比压缩1/5。振动台对比试验结果表明,相同几何尺寸的结构试验模型,混凝土结构的整体刚度大于钢结构,因此振动频率大于钢结构;相同地震作用下,钢框架结构模型加速度反应明显大于混凝土结构,桩身加速度放大系数前者为后者1.15~1.2倍,上部结构可达2倍,钢框架结构模型反应谱的卓越周期更长。有限元数值模拟的结果定性地验证了试验结果的合理性。

库水-淤砂层-坝体-坝基体系地震响应分析

针对我国西部水利工程结构面临的地震安全问题,特别是混凝土高拱坝的抗震安全设计,以小湾水电站混凝土高拱坝为研究对象,进行了库水-淤砂层-坝体-坝基体系的耦合动力分析,同时考虑了复杂的坝基地形、正常蓄水位的库水以及常年运行而堆积的淤沙层的影响。主要内容有:①基于传递矩阵法及二维有限元,实现了复杂峡谷地形的自由场计算;②基于水-饱和多孔介质-固体的统一计算框架,实现了库水-淤沙层-坝体-坝基体系的三维地震响应分析算法。最后,分别以脉冲波和地震波作为输入,探讨了小湾拱坝的地震响应规律及库水淤沙层对拱坝地震响应的影响。结果表明:坝体顶部中心区域会承受较大的拉、压应力;而库水底部淤砂层对坝体的位移及应力影响并不显著。

建筑工程中筏板基础大体积混凝土温度裂缝计算及施工技术

该文以某高层建筑为例,探究筏板基础大体积混凝土温度裂缝的计算方法及混凝土施工技术。分别计算各龄期混凝土的收缩变形值、弹性模量、温度应力等参数,然后求解抗裂安全系数。计算结果显示,大体积混凝土各龄期的抗裂安全系数均大于1.0,满足抗裂要求。在大体积混凝土施工中,重点加强物料质量检验与配合比设计,以及混凝土浇筑、养护等环节的施工管理,把握施工技术要点,才能提高筏板基础的施工质量。在混凝土养护结束后进行温度测控,结果表明大体积混凝土内外温差较小,不存在温度裂缝的风险。

热缩型纤维调控大体积混凝土抗裂性能研究

研究了高模量热缩型纤维与具有高微细连通孔的内养护集料协同作用对大体积混凝土力学性能、抗裂性能、收缩性能的影响,并进行了微观机理分析。结果表明:复掺热缩型纤维和内养护集料对大体积混凝土力学性能影响较小,但能明显提高大体积混凝土的抗裂性能并降低收缩变形,最大裂缝宽度和单位面积的总开裂面积较基准组分别降低了85.7%、94.9%,干燥收缩值降低了47.6%。SEM分析表明,热缩型纤维及内养护集料与胶凝浆体紧密结合、界面致密,从而提高了大体积混凝土的抗裂性能。