Variaiton in the composition of small molecule compounds in the egg yolks of Asian Short-toed Larks between early and late broods

The egg yolks of birds contain most of the maternally derived materials required for embryo development and are an important factor influencing embryo development and offspring viability.Individual variation in egg-laying date frequently occurs in passerines inhabiting highly seasonal environments.Females laying in early and late stages of the breeding season encounter different environment temperatures and food conditions,which can affect the levels of metabolities in their bodies,thereby altering the transmission of these materials to the eggs.We test a hypothesis that yolk small molecule compounds of Asian Short-toed Lark(Alaudala cheleensis)could vary between early(mid-May)and late(mid-June)broods.Using the UHPLC-MS/MS method,683 compounds belonging to 21 compound groups are detected in the yolks.The contents of 18 compounds are significantly different between early and late broods.Ten differential compounds are significantly higher in the early laid eggs,among whichγ-aminobutyric acid,creatine,prostaglandins,palmitoleic acid,linoleic acid,and trans linoleic acid are related to low environment temperature response.The eggs laid in late stage exhibit significantly higher levels of 5-L-glutamyl-L-alanine andγ-glutamate-leucine,1,3-dimethyluric acid and mannose,which may be attributed to females in the late group consuming more insects.We suggest conducting a comprehensive investigation to reveal the yolk small molecule compounds mediated maternal effects on offspring phenotypes under varying ecological conditions.

基于自适应LARK特征的图像显著性检测算法

为了有效检测自然场景中的显著区域,提出一种简单高效的基于自适应LARK特征的图像显著性检测方法。首先自适应选取若干个有效的LARK特征分量,然后计算基于该特征的像素显著性值。为进一步增强图像像素的显著性,通过经典的超像素分割方法计算图像的超像素颜色奇异性值。最后将这两者线性融合,形成自然场景中像素的最终显著性值。在国际通用数据集上测试,结果表明,该方法优于其他视觉显著区域检测计算方法,并且可以产生均匀突出的显著性图谱,在正确率和召回率上都有明显提高。

基于LARK特征提取的AdaBoost人脸检测系统

由于图像易受到外部条件及图像背景的影响,AdaBoost人脸检测方法在特征分类的过程中,单个分类器存在将人脸图像误判为非人脸图像的情况,致使分类器在检测过程中存在误差。文中通过研究AdaBoost人脸检测方法,并将LARK特征提取方法应用到特征分类当中,使原有的方法上得到改进,从而有效提高了人脸检测的准确度。

基于LARK特征提取的人脸检测方法

通过研究LARK特征提取方法,发现该方法可以对人脸图像的脸部信息进行有效的收集,并应用到人脸检测中。在检测时,先将检测的图像转换为灰度图像再进行检测,这样既可以完整地表示人脸的各部分特征,同时更易于处理,还可以减少计算量。

Endocrine response of early-hatching Asian Short-toed Lark nestlings exposed to cold temperature in a high-latitude grassland habitat

Background:In high latitude grassland habitats,altricial nestlings hatching in open-cup nests early in the breeding season must cope with cold temperature challenges.Thyroid hormones(triiodothyronine,T_(3)and thyroxine,T_(4))and corticosterone play a crucial role in avian thermoregulation response to cold.Investigating the endocrine response of altricial nestlings to temperature variation is important for understanding the adaptive mechanisms of individual variation in the timing of breeding in birds.Methods:We compared nest temperature,ambient temperature,body temperature,plasma T_(3),T_(4)and corticosterone levels in Asian Short-toed Lark(Alaudala cheleensis)nestlings hatching in the early-,middle-,and late-stages of the breeding season in Hulunbuir grassland,northeast China.Results:Mean nest temperature in the early-,middle-and late-stage groups was-1.85,3.81 and 10.23℃,respectively,for the 3-day-old nestlings,and 6.83,10.41 and 11.81℃,respectively,for the 6-day-old nestlings.The nest temperature significantly correlated with body temperature,plasma T_(3),T_(4)and corticosterone concentrations of nestlings.Body temperature of 3-day-old nestlings in the early and middle groups was significantly lower than that of the late group,but there was no significant difference between the nestlings in the early and middle groups.The T_(4)and T_(3)concentrations and the ratio of T_(3)/T_(4)of both 3-and 6-day-old nestlings in the early-stage group were significantly higher compared to the middle and late groups.The corticosterone levels of 3-day-old nestlings were significantly higher in the early-stage group compared to the middle-and late-stage groups.Conclusion:Nestlings hatching early responded to cold temperature by increasing thyroid hormones and corticosterone levels even in the early days of post hatching development when the endothermy has not been established.These hormones may play a physiological role in neonatal nestlings coping with cold temperature challenges.

基于语料库的英诗To a Sky-lark汉译风格对比研究

语料库译者风格研究已经成为一种新的翻译学研究范式,但基于语料库的诗人译者的风格研究仍处于初始阶段。本文以雪莱诗歌To a Sky-lark的汉译为例,选取郭沫若、查良铮和江枫的三个汉译本,采用定性分析和定量分析相结合的方法,通过自建平行语料库和类比语料库,从词汇层面、句法层面以及主题意象等三个维度着手,进行译者翻译风格的比较研究,以期拓宽语料库译者风格研究的视野,为诗歌翻译、译者风格等相关研究提供一定参考。

An Interpretation of The Song of the Lark From the Marxist Feminism

The Song of the Lark tells the story of young girl Thea who doesn’t give up and achieves her wish when faced with all sorts of setbacks. Based on the Marxist feminism, this paper is going to study the differences that the female and male characters have experienced both in family and society in order to find out the root of females’oppressed status and reveal Cather’s writing in? tention—provide a possible way of improving the dilemma of women caused by capitalist ideology and the patriarchal ideology.

Differential cell stress responses to food availability by the nestlings of Asian Short-toed Lark(Calandrella cheleensis)

Background:Timing of breeding season of temperate passerines has been considered to be adjusted to their food availability.There is little work to reveal the cell stress responses of the nestlings hatched asynchronized with the food abundance peak,which is important for understanding the physiological link between the timing of breeding and the fitness of offspring.Methods:Using gene expression level of blood HSP70 and HSP90 as indicators,we compared the cell stress response of Asian Short-toed Lark(Calandrella cheleensis)nestlings hatched under conditions of low,mid or high food(grasshopper nymph)availability in 2017.Results:Nymph biomass,sample time and interaction of these two factors significantly influenced the blood gene expression level of HSP70 and HSP90 of Asian Short-toed Lark nestlings.HSP70 and HSP90 gene expression levels of the nestlings at 14:00 were significantly higher than those at 5:00.At either 5:00 or 14:00,the gene expression levels of HSP70 and HSP90 increase with the decrease of nymph biomass.Conclusions:These results indicate that food availability is an important environment factor inducing cellular stress of Asian Short-toed Lark nestlings.The interactive effect of the nymph abundance and sample time on the HSPs response may be related with the daily temperature variation of the grassland.Over cell stress response may be one of physiological factor mediating the effect of food availability and the nestling’s fitness.

Mild spring temperature rising affects the anti-oxidation and immune functions of Asian Short-toed Larks

Background:Predicting the possibility of severe effects of global warming on animals is important for understanding the ecological consequences of climate change on ecosystem.Spring is the season during which birds have to physiologically prepare for the subsequent breeding period,and unusual spring temperature rising probably becomes a heat stress to the birds which have adapted to the low spring temperature.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the physiological effect of spring warming on the temperate birds.Methods:Using the activities of blood anti-oxidative enzymes(SOD,CAT,GPx)and the concentrations of serum immunogloblins(IgA,IgY,IgM)as indicators,we compared the anti-oxidative and immune functions of Asian Shorttoed Larks(Calandrella cheleensis)captured between 10 and 15 March,2015 and housed under conditions of 21°C and 16°C.Results:The SOD activities of birds in 21°C group were significantly lower than those in 16°C group on all the treatment days.The CAT activities of the birds in 21°C group were significantly lower than those in 16°C group on the 1 st,5 th,13 th,17 treatment days.The GPx activities of the birds in 21°C group were signifthicantly lower than those in 16°C group on the 1 st,13 th and 17 th,but significantly higher on the 21 st treatment day.The IgA,IgY and IgM concentrations of birds in 21°C group were significantly lower than those in 16°C group on all the treatment days.Conclusions:This study shows that spring temperature rising negatively influences antioxibative and humoral immune functions,which indicates that spring climate warming might reduce the fitness of the temperate passerine birds which have adapted to the low spring temperature.

从天堂到地狱——解析《达洛维夫人》中的“What a lark!What a plunge!”

《达洛维夫人》是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫最有影响力的一部小说。文章开头第三段的两个感叹句"What a lark!What a plunge!"表达了作者和主人公对生命和现实的深入思考。lark象征着幸福和达洛维夫人的内心世界,plunge则象征着现实的生活和她平淡婚姻的痛苦。

基于MaxEnt探究栖息地质量对百灵科鸟类分布影响

采用固定半径样点法对内蒙古中东部的赤峰、通辽和锡林郭勒盟部分地区草原生境的百灵科鸟类分布与栖息地质量的关系进行了调查,运用MaxEnt软件对分布数据和代表栖息地质量的环境变量进行了分析.结果表明:3年调查共记录到5属5种百灵科鸟类.从宏观上看,云雀、蒙古百灵和短趾百灵在研究区的适宜分布区高度相似,都倾向于分布在海拔较低、地势平缓、降水丰富的栖息地,在典型草原和草甸草原都有分布.角百灵只出现在乌拉盖草原,即分布于典型草原.凤头百灵在乌拉盖草原没有分布,只分布于草甸草原.所有百灵科鸟类都倾向于生存在水域附近,适宜栖息地较干旱的角百灵更是如此,说明水源是百灵科鸟类生存的关键因素.角百灵之外的其他百灵科鸟类在道路边都有较多分布,与物种分布的边缘效应有关,同时过往车辆可能也会给百灵科鸟类带来食物.因此,建议加强对道路边百灵科鸟类的重点保护和对百灵科鸟类高适宜生境水源的保护.

LARK号线操纵特技模型飞机

这架模型飞机发动机汽缸工作容积比较大，模型尺寸也比较大；具有85公里／小时的较高线速度和5．3秒／360°的较低角速度；完成特技飞行动作质量与小模型相比有质的飞跃。制作和操纵过P2B-0、P2B—1等初级线操纵特技模型飞机的航模爱好者，参照本文的插图，若成功做出这架大模型飞机，会向航模“实力派”更靠近一步。

Systematics of the avian family Alaudidae using multilocus and genomic data

The family Alaudidae,larks,comprises 93-100 species(depending on taxonomy)that are widely distributed across Africa and Eurasia,with single species extending their ranges to North and northernmost South America and Australia.A decade-old molecular phylogeny,comprising~80%of the species,revealed multiple cases of parallel evolution and large variation in rates of morphological evolution,which had misled taxonomists into creating many non-monophyletic genera.Here,we reconstruct the phylogeny of the larks,using a dataset covering one mitochondrial and 16 nuclear loci and comprising all except one of the currently recognised species as well as several recently proposed new species(in total 133 taxa;not all loci available for all species).We provide additional support using genome-wide markers to infer a genus-level phylogeny based on near-complete generic sampling(in total 51 samples of 44 taxa across 40 species).Our results confirm the previous findings of rampant morphological convergence and divergence,and reveal new cases of paraphyletic genera.We propose a new subfamily classification,and also that the genus Mirafra is divided into four genera to produce a more balanced generic classification of the Alaudidae.Our study supports recently proposed species splits as well as some recent lumps,while also questioning some of the latter.This comprehensive phylogeny will form an important basis for future studies,such as comparative studies of lark natural history,ecology,evolution and conservation.

威廉·厄内斯特·亨利诗歌评析(英文)

William Ernest Henley is a famous poet and suffers from tuberculosis seriously.In A Late Lark Twitters,he draws a comparison between the description of a scenery at sunset which is accompanied by the singing of a lark and the then formulated wish to die in the very same way,to leave the earth at the end of life like the sun at the end of day.

角百灵和小云雀的孵化行为

The incubating behavior of the horned lark and small skylark was studied in alpine meadows. The key results are: ① There was no significant difference in the temperature outside the nests of horned larks and small skylarks ( F 1, 87 =3 286,P >0 05). ② If parents were off the nest, the temperature in the nest was not significantly different between the two species( F 1,87 =3 009,P >0 05), however, if parent birds were on the nest, the temperature in horned lark nests was significantly higher than that in small lark nests ( F 1, 210 =7 555,P <0 01). ③ Temperature trends inside and outside the nests of the two species were similar, both following a low high low, pattern and showed a significantly positive correlation(horned lark: r=0 572, n=158, P <0 01;small skylark: r=0 511, n=141, P <0 01). ④ During the hatching period, the temperature in nests was significantly higher than the outside temperature in horned larks( t=7 051, df=157, P <0 01), however, there was no significant difference between the inside and outside in the small skylark( t=-1 558, df=149, P >0 05). ⑤ The attendance time of horned larks and small skylarks showed three peaks; before 09:00 h, between 12:00 and 15:00 and after 19:00 h, respectively. ⑥ The attendance time and incubation behavior of the two species changed with variation in the environmental temperature. ⑦ There was no significant difference in the average attendance time per day between horned larks and small skylarks( P >0 05). ⑧ The attendance frequency of horned larks was high (4 17 times/h), and visit duration short (524 32 s/period), wherase small larks showed the opposite pattern; low attendance frequency(1 79 times/h)with relatively long( 1 510 00 s/ periods)visits. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that attendance time is a balance between the energy requirements of the parent birds and the temperature requirements of the developing embryos. It follows that a birds choice of nest site should involve a trade off between costs and benefits, e.g. microclimate versus proximity to food resources.

山东省鸟类新记录——蒙古百灵

蒙古百灵属雀形目百灵科,主要分布于中国北部及中部、蒙古、西伯利亚南部,在山东省没有记录。2014年12月12日,在山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区滩涂湿地首次记录到1只蒙古百灵。12月29日,巡护人员又在湿地恢复区南坝路侧发现3只蒙古百灵。随着巡护监测活动的开展,巡护人员对区内鸟类种类、数量有了更清楚的了解,同时巡护监测也是保证保护区内鸟类安全的重要途径。在保护区的日常管理中,将继续加大巡护监测频率和踏查范围,为鸟类提供更安全的栖息、觅食、迁徙中转生境。

艺术与现实的两难选择:薇拉·凯瑟作品的普遍意义

艺术家们在追求艺术的道路上都不同程度地遭遇到了爱情、婚姻、亲情等诸多因素的影响,在艺术与现实之间呈现出两难选择的局面。薇拉·凯瑟不仅表达了对艺术家群体的人性关怀,而且还展现了美国整个社会的文化特征、价值标准以及对社会的伦理审视和哲学思考。

物流园区建设项目综合评价研究

物流园区在我国物流行业发展和推动区域经济中起到了重要的作用,国家及地方政府陆续出台了一系列扶持政策来推进物流园区的开发和建设。文章以物流园区建设项目为研究对象,研究其建设中存在的问题,并对现有园区评价进行综合述评,探讨园区评价的意义,对引导政府及行业主管部门重视物流园区建设评价起到积极的推动作用。

长嘴百灵生长能学的研究

通过测定雏鸟气体代谢和身体组织能量积累的方法,研究了长嘴百灵(Melanocorypha maxima)在自然条件下生长期间的能量投资。最小能量投资出现在0—1日龄,为15.94千焦耳/天;最大能量投资出现在10—11日龄,为90.44千焦耳/天。雏期的总能量投资是726.79千焦耳。其中生产能是365.40千焦耳,用于维持的能是361.39千焦耳。

一种基于Agent技术的Web Services匹配模型的研究

Web Services是当前Web应用的一种新的模式。Internet将成为一个真正的分布式的计算平台,其上的服务可以协作完成某一任务,并且Web将成为可编程的。Web Services的发现是很重要的,因此有必要研究web Services的匹配。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于Agent的Web Services的两层次匹配模型。