VEGF, HIF-1α, and Metabolic Indicators in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objective:To explore and analyze the expression and clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α),and metabolic indicators in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Methods:Sixty ESCC patients admitted to the hospital from October 2021 to October 2023 were selected as the ESCC group.Sixty normal healthy patients from the same period were chosen as the control group.Their serum samples and tissue samples were collected.Metabolic indicators of all study subjects were obtained based on the basic biochemical results upon admission.RT-PCR was utilized to detect the expression of VEGF and HIF-1αin ESCC tissues.Results:The expression of VEGF and HIF-1αin the ESCC T3+T4 group was significantly higher than that of the carcinoma in situ(Tis)group,T1+T2 group,and control group.Furthermore,the expression of HIF-1αwas found to be related to the expression of VEGF,showing a significant correlation between the quantities.Significant differences in the levels of metabolic indicators were observed between the ESCC group and the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Metabolic indicators are associated with the onset of ESCC in patients.Abnormal lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of tumors.The expression of VEGF and HIF-1αin ESCC tissues significantly correlates with the tumor stage,providing a new reference for the diagnosis and treatment of ESCC.

Expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α and Its Relationship to Apoptosis and Proliferation in Human Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Summary: To investigate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and its relationship to apoptosis and proliferation in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of HIF-1α and PCNA. Tunnel technique was used to detect in situ cell apoptosis in LSCC. Our results showed that the expression of HIF-1α was related to the clinical stages of cancer and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The relationship between HIF-1α and PCNA was statistically significant (P<0.05) and no relationship was found between HIF-1α and apoptosis (P>0.05) It is concluded that HIF-1α plays a role in the carcinogenesis of laryngeal carcinoma and is correlated with proliferation, but bears no relationship with the apoptosis of tumor cells in LSCC.

Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Cyclooxygenase-2 in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its significance

n order to study the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma （LSCC） and its significance, the expression of VEGF mRNA and COX-2 mRNA in 62 cases of LSCC and 54 adjacent noncancerous laryngeal tissues and 9 normal human laryngeal mucous tissues was detected by using techniques of semi-quantitative RT-PCR. It was found that the expression level of VEGF and COX-2 mRNA was significantly increased in LSCC as compared with that in the normal human laryngeal mucous tissues （both P〈0. 01）, and the expression level of VEGF and COX-2 mRNA were significantly increased in stage Ⅲ＋ Ⅳtissues of LSCC as compared with the stage Ⅰ ＋ Ⅱ tissues of LSCC （P 〈0.01）. There was a high positive correlation between VEGF and COX-2 expression in LSCC （r= 0. 756,P〈0.01）. These data raise the possibility that VEGF and COX-2 may play key roles in the growth, invasion and metastasis of LSCC.

Expression and clinical significance of HIF-1α,VEGF and Survivin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective： To evaluate the expression and correlation of hypoxia inducible factor la （HIF-la） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and Survivin proteins in biopsy specimens of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC）, and then determine whether the levels of expression of these proteins could predict the clinical effectiveness of radiotherapy in individual cancers. Methods： The expressions of HIF-IQ, VEGF and Survivin were shown by S-P immunohistochemical staining method in biopsy specimens of ESCC, which were obtained endoscopically from 50 patients before radiotherapy, and 10 cases of normal esophageal tissue. Results： The positive expression rates of H IF-IQ, VEGF and Survivin were 68%, 74% and 72% in ESCC respectively. However, the three tumor markers had negative expressions in normal esophageal tissue. The positive rate of HIF-IQ was positively correlated with VEGF and Survivin proteins. The positive rates of HIF-IQ and Survivin were closely related to the clinical stage, radiotherapy effectiveness and survival, otherwise, the expression of HIF-IQ was closely related to distant metastasis; both of them were no correlation with the differentiation degree of tumor. The effective rates of radiotherapy and mean survival periods of those cases with positive and negative expressions of HIF-IQ were 8.8%, 10 months and 81.25%, 25 months, respectively. The one, two, and three years survival rates of patients with positive and negative expressions of HIF-IQ were 38.2%, 5.9%, 2.9%, and 81.3%, 54.2%, 15.8%, respectively （P = 0.001）. Patients with HIF-IQ positive expression obviously survived less than those with negative expression and the difference was significant. The expression of VEGF was only related to the distant metastasis. Conclusion： Over expressions of HIF-IQ, VEGF and Survivin were found in ESCC. The positive rate of HIF-IQ was positively correlated with VEGF and Survivin proteins. The expression of HIF-IQ may serve as an important parameter in evaluating response for radiotherapy and prognosis of ESCC. It may play an important role by up-regulating the transcription of VEGF and Survivin genes.

PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF VEGF EXPRESSION IN PRIMARY ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and clarify the association of VEGF expression with the angiogenesis and prognostic value of this disease. Methods: Eighty-two cases with primary ESCC treated with radical operation in Department of Surgery from Jan 1981 through May 1994 were enrolled. VEGF expression and MVD value were examined by immunohistochemical staining, the streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex method (SP method), using anti-VEGF polyclonal antibody and anti-Factor-VIII antibody, respectively. We also analyzed the relationship between VEGF expression and MVD value and postoperative survival rate of patients. Results: Of the 82 cases, 63.4% cases showed positive for VEGF in tumor cells and the median of MVD in tumor was 37 (9-150)·mm-2. There was a close correlation between MVD and VEGF (P=0.001). The 5-year survival rate of patients with low and high MVD was 34.1% and 12.2%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate was 46.7% in patients with VEGF-negative tumor and 11.5% in patients with VEGF-positive tumor. These differences were statistically significant (P=0.017 and P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: In ESCC, angiogenesis is mediated mainly by VEGF and VEGF may be associated with tumor progression and increased malignancy via angiogenesis.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with pingyangmycin can inhibit the amplification and metastasis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective:To evaluate the short-term effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with pingyangmycin(PYM)in the treat-ment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:24 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were treated with PYM before the operation,and the surgeries were undergone within one week after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.PCNA,p53,Bcl-2 and CD44v6 were detected in the specimens of tumor,retreated tumor and normal tissue using immunohistochemical methods.Results:Apoptosis could be detected more often in specimens with tumor and retreated tumor after chemotherapy than that before.The expression of PCNA,p53,Bcl-2 and CD44v6 in tumor tissue after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with PYM was weaker than that before the chemotherapy.There was significant difference in the positive ratio of PCNA,p53,Bcl-2 and CD44v6 be-tween retreated tumor and tumor.Conclusion:After neoadjuvant chemotherapy with PYM,a large number of tumor cells died.The amplification and metastasis of tumor were suppressed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy with PYM.

Prognostic Value of Ki67 and VE6F Expression in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic value of measuring Ki67 and VEGF expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). METHODS The expression of Ki67 and VEGF in 32 LSCC tissues was studied by immunohistochemical staining. Of these cases, 5 recurred (recurrent group), 3 cases metastasized (metastatic group), 8 cases died (deceased group) and 24 cased survived (survival group) over a 3 year period of follow-up after their operation. RESULTS The expression of Ki67 and VEGF in the deceased group was higher compared to that in the survival group (P<0.01). Overexpression of Ki67 was found in the recurrent group and in the metastatic group (P< 0.05). VEGF expression was higher in the recurrent group than in the non recurrent group (P<0.05). With Cox-regression of multivariate analysis, Ki67 (RR:3.236; P=0.001), the clinical T stage (RR: 1.382; P=0.029) and metastasis in lymph nodes (RR:0.316; P=0.033) were shown to be independent prognostic factors for survival of LSCC patients. CONCLUSION Ki67 and VEGF expression is related to the prognosis of LSCC. Overexpression of the 2 markers indicated poor prognosis of the disease, a finding which might be helpful for the treatment of laryngocar-cinoma.

Prognostic and Predictive Protein Biomarkers in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma—A Systematic Review

Background: Despite recent advances in clinical management of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), the overall 5-year survival continues to be poor. Consequently, biomarkers of treatment response will need to be identified. Proteomic strategies are one way to attempt to identify such biomarkers. Methods: The Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched until 1st March 2014 using the terms “larynx”, “squamous cell carcinoma”, “proteomic”, and “biomarker”. Articles which met inclusion criteria were assessed for the type of biomarker investigated, the proteomic technique used, and whether any validation had been performed. Results: Six studies identified biomarkers, including UCRP, ceramides, uPA, MT1-MMP, stratifin, transferrin, albumin, S100 calcium-binding protein A9, stathmin, enolase, PLAU, IGFBP7, MMP14, THBS1, and transthyretin. Transferrin was the only biomarker to appear in more than one study. Conclusions: Our review identified several potential biomarkers of outcome in LSCC. Well designed studies will need to further validate their use in the future.

Changing the paradigm：the potential for targeted therapy in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC) remains a highly morbid and fatal disease. Historically, it has been a model example for organ preservation and treatment stratification paradigms. Unfortunately, survival for LSCC has stagnated over the past few decades. As the era of next-generation sequencing and personalized treatment for cancer approaches, LSCC may be an ideal disease for consideration of further treatment stratification and personalization. Here, we will discuss the important history of LSCC as a model system for organ preservation, unique and potentially targetable genetic signatures of LSCC, and methods for bringing stratified, personalized treatment strategies to the 21^(st) century.

Detection of Human Papilloma Virus Type 16 E6 mRNA in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by In Situ Hybridization

Objective：Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma（LSCC） is a common malignant tumor in Northeast China and is frequently associated with well-established risk factors like smoking and alcohol abuse.Human papilloma virus（HPV） is an epitheliotropic oncogenic virus that has been detected in a variety of head and neck tumors including LSCC.This retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence of HPV infection in patients with LSCC.Methods：In situ hybridization was performed in 99 patients with LSCC to detect the expression of HPV-16 E6 mRNA.Results：The positive rate of HPV16 E6 mRNA was 36.36%（36/99） in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma（LSCC）,whereas only 3 of 50（6%） specimens of the normal laryngeal mucosa as a control group showed positive results（P0.05）.Additionally,there was no corelation between HPV16 and age,gender,clinical stage,nodal status and tumor site（P0.05）.Conclusion：The results suggest that the increased prevalence of HPV infection compared to normal laryngeal mucosa and the fact that high-risk HPV types（especially type 16） were the most frequently identified do not allow the exclusion of HPV as a risk factor in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.However,their clinical value remains to be further investigated.

A CORRELATIVE STUDY OF Ki67 AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AND THEIR VALUE IN LARYNGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Objective： To study the correlation between Ki67 and vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） and the significance of their expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma（LSCC）. Methods： The expressions of Ki67 and VEGF in 40 cases of LSCC and 5 cases of normal laryngeal mucosa were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Results： The expression levels of Ki67 and VEGF in LSCC tissue were higher than in normal laryngeal mucosa （Ki67： P〈0.001, VEGF： P〈0.001）. The two indexes＇ levels in patients of different age or different sex had no significant difference （P〉0.05）. They were higher in LSCC with metastasis of lymph nodes than in patients without metastasis （Ki67： P=0.034, VEGF： P=0.006）. The expressions of the two genes elevated correspondingly along with the development of LSCC T stage （P〈0.05）. In addition, correlation analysis indicated that the expression of Ki67 had a positive correlation with VEGF in LSCC（r=0.823, P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Ki67 and VEGF are objective indexes for the biological behavior of LSCC, and they might be helpful to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of laryngocarcinoma.

Novel defined N7-methylguanosine modification-related lncRNAs for predicting the prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective:Through integrated bioinformatics analysis,the goal of this work was to find new,characterised N7-methylguanosine modification-related long non-coding RNAs(m7G-lncRNAs)that might be used to predict the prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC).Methods:The clinical data and LSCC gene expression data for the current investigation were initially retrieved from the TCGA database&sanitised.Then,using co-expression analysis of m7G-associated mRNAs&lncRNAs&differential expression analysis(DEA)among LSCC&normal sample categories,we discovered lncRNAs that were connected to m7G.The prognosis prediction model was built for the training category using univariate&multivariate COX regression&LASSO regression analyses,&the model’s efficacy was checked against the test category data.In addition,we conducted DEA of prognostic m7G-lncRNAs among LSCC&normal sample categories&compiled a list of co-expression networks&the structure of prognosis m7G-lncRNAs.To compare the prognoses for individuals with LSCC in the high-&low-risk categories in the prognosis prediction model,survival and risk assessments were also carried out.Finally,we created a nomogram to accurately forecast the outcomes of LSCC patients&created receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves to assess the prognosis prediction model’s predictive capability.Results:Using co-expression network analysis&differential expression analysis,we discovered 774 m7G-lncRNAs and 551 DEm7G-lncRNAs,respectively.We then constructed a prognosis prediction model for six m7G-lncRNAs(FLG−AS1,RHOA−IT1,AC020913.3,AC027307.2,AC010973.2 and AC010789.1),identified 32 DEPm7G-lncRNAs,analyzed the correlation between 32 DEPm7G-lncRNAs and 13 DEPm7G-mRNAs,and performed survival analyses and risk analyses of the prognosis prediction model to assess the prognostic performance of LSCC patients.By displaying ROC curves and a nomogram,we finally checked the prognosis prediction model's accuracy.Conclusion:By creating novel predictive lncRNA signatures for clinical diagnosis&therapy,our findings will contribute to understanding the pathogenetic process of LSCC.

Prognostic value of body mass index before treatment for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: Patients with head and neck cancer often suffer from malnutrition. This study aims to investigate the influence of body mass index(BMI) on the prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC).Methods: A total of 473 patients with LSCC initially treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 2005 and July 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model.Results: Low BMI before treatment was significantly associated with poor overall survival in patients with LSCC(P<0.001). BMI was an independent prognostic factor for patients with LSCC.Conclusion: Leanness before treatment was associated with poor prognosis in patients with LSCC. Good nutritional status is favorable to improve survival in patients with LSCC.

Relation between the Expression of K-ras in Hep-2 Cells and Development of Laryngeal Carcinoma~*

Objective： To investigate the expression of K-ras in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines （Hep-2） and its significance for establishing a solid foundation for further study of the relationship between human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and K-ras gene point mutations. Methods： The expression of K-ras in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines （Hep-2） and human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines （MIAPaCa-2） was detected by using RT-PCR. Results： The expression of K-ras mRNA in Hep-2 and MIAPaCa-2 was strong and positive. Conclusion： The expression of K-ras mRNA in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines （Hep-2） is positive. Development of laryngeal carcinoma might be related to the activation of K-ras gene point mutation.

Effect and mechanism of miR-34a on proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of laryngeal carcinoma cells

Objective: To discuss the effect and mechanism of miR-34 a on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of laryngeal carcinoma cells. Methods: The laryngeal squamous carcinoma Hep2 cells were transiently transfected with miR-34 a mimics and miR-34 a NC. The MTT, colony-forming assay, Hoechst staining and Annexin V-PI double staining flow cytometry were employed to detect the effect of miR-34 a on the viability and apoptosis of laryngeal squamous carcinoma Hep2 cells; Transwell assay to defect the effect of miR-34 a on the migration and invasion of laryngeal squamous carcinoma Hep2 cells; western blot and RTPCR assay to defect the effect of miR-34 a mimics on the expression of survivin and Ki-67 m RNA in laryngeal squamous carcinoma Hep2 cells. Results: Compared with miR-34 a NC group, the cell viability in miR-34 mimics group was significantly decreased(P<0.01), the cell apoptosis rate was significantly increased(P<0.01), the abilities of cell migration and invasion were significantly reduced(P<0.01) and the expression of survivin and Ki-67 m RNA was significantly decreased(P<0.01). Conclusions: The increased expression of miR-34 a can induce the apoptosis of Hep2 laryngeal carcinoma cells and inhibit the cell proliferation and invasion, which is related to the down-regulated expression of survivin and Ki-67.

Correlation of the change of HIF-1α in oral squamous cell carcinoma lesion with lymph node metastasis and malignant biological molecule expression

Objective: To study the correlation of the change of hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) in oral squamous cell carcinoma lesion with lymph node metastasis and malignant biological molecule expression. Methods: The patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who underwent surgical resection in the First Hospital of Yulin between March 2012 and December 2017 were selected as the research subjects, and right amount of oral squamous cell carcinoma lesion and lesion adjacent to carcinoma were collected after surgical resection to determine the mRNA expression of HIF-1α, proliferation genes and invasion genes as well as the contents of angiogenesis molecules. Results: HIF-1α, PCNA, CDK4, CDK6, Slug, β-catenin and MMP9 mRNA expression as well as VEGF, Ang-2, bFGF and COX-2 contents in oral squamous cell carcinoma lesions were significantly higher than those in adjacent lesions whereas PDCD5, Smac, E-cadherin and RECK mRNA expression were significantly lower than those in adjacent lesions;Pearson correlation analysis showed that HIF-1α mRNA expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma lesions was positively correlated with PCNA, CDK4, CDK6, Slug, β-catenin and MMP9 mRNA expression as well as VEGF, Ang-2, bFGF and COX-2 contents, and negatively correlated with PDCD5, Smac, E-cadherin and RECK mRNA expression. Conclusion: Highly expressed HIF-1α in oral squamous cell carcinoma can promote the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells as well as the angiogenesis in the lesion.

The Prognostic Value of Pathological and Molecular Margins Marked by p53 and eIF4E in Laryngeal Carcinoma

Objective: To study the prognostic value of the pathological margin and molecular margin marked by eIF4E and P53 protein in laryngeal carcinoma. Methods: The prognostic value of pathological and molecular margin was studied in 253 cases and 67 cases respectively, the latter were pathological negative margin chosen from the former. Immunohistochemisty was used to detect the expression of eIF4E and p53 proteins. Results: The rate of pathological, p53 and eIF4E positive margins was 20.2%, 19.4% and 32.8% respectively. The recurrent rate of those with positive margins was higher than that of negative margins, which including pathological margin (70.6% vs 35.1%, P =0.0000), p53 margin (69.2% vs 33.3%, P =0.018) and eIF4E margin (63.6% vs 28.9%, P =0.018); The survival rate of those with negative margins was higher than those with positive margins, including pathological margin (the 5-year cumulative survival rate was 37.52% and 64.37% respectively, P =0.0023), p53 margin (the 5-year cumulative survival rate was 24.62% and 75.69% respectively, P =0.0012) and eIF4E margin (the 5-year cumulative survival rate was 43.31% and 77.52% respectively, P =0.0006). Conclusion: The prognosis of those with both pathological and molecular positive margins was worse than that of the negative margins; Both the eIF4E and p53 were useful markers to pick out the poor prognostic patients from those with pathological negative margin, and the former seemed to be more potential.

Clinical significance of tumor-associated macrophage infiltration in supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma

Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) can elicit contrasting effects on tumor progression,depending on different tumor microenvironment.This study aimed to explore the correlation between TAM infiltration and clinicopathologic characteristics,metastasis,and prognosis of supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma.TAMs in intratumoral and peritumoral regions of 84 specimens of supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal CD68 antibody.The density of peritumoral CD68+ TAMs in recurrence cases(9/11) and in dead cases(17/23) were significantly higher than those in non-recurrence cases(33/73) and in survival cases(25/61),with significant differences(P = 0.024 and 0.007,respectively).The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significant relationship between the infiltration of both intratumoral and peritumoral CD68 + TAMs and the overall survival of patients.The 5year survival rate was significantly lower in the group with a high density of intratumoral CD68+ TAMs than in the group with a low density(39.6% vs.82.5%,P < 0.05).Similarly,the 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in the group with a high density of peritumoral CD68+ TAMs than in the group with a low density(50.6% vs.73.1%,P < 0.05).Cox regression analysis revealed that T classification,distant metastasis,and intratumoral or peritumoral CD68 + TAMs were independent factors for disease-free survival,whereas T classification and intratumoral CD68 + TAMs were independent factors for overall survival.The results indicate that TAM infiltration in supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma can be used to predict metastasis and prognosis and is an independent factor for prognosis.

Studies on the interrelationship of Chinese laryngeal carcinoma and human papillomavirus

The studies described herein emphasize HPVDNA detection by applying consensus primers and multiple primers of modified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to 124 cases of fresh tissue samples with different lesions of larynx. The consensus primers used were able to detect 9 types of HPVsDNAs ( HPV 6 , 11 , 16 , 18, 31 , 33,35, 42, and 583 , from which the positive cases were picked out for further identification of their genometypes of HPV-DNA by using multiple primers PCR. The results areas follows : (1)In the group of laryngeal carcinoma,the total positive rate of HPV infection was 49. 1 %(28/57) : 15. 8%(9/57)for HPV18, 12. 3%(7/57)for HPV16,5. 3 %(3/57) dual infection for HPV16 and HPV18 , 3. 5%(2/57) for mixed infection of HPV6/11 and HPV18 , and 12. 3%(7/57)for the other types. (2) In the cervical metastatic lymphnode group, 3 of the 14 cases (21. 4%) of cervical metastatic lymphnode showed positive HPV, among which there was 1 case of HPV16 infection , 1 case of HPV18 infection ,and 1 case of HPV16 and HPV18 dual infection, resulting in a rate at 7. 1% for the respective cases immediately above. (3) In the pecarcinomatous lesion group ,the positive rate of HPV infection tmixed infection of HPV6/11 and HPV18) was 11. 1 %(1/9). (4)In the vocal cord polypus group , the rate of positive reaction (HPV6/11) was 7.1% (1/14). (5) In the nomal laryngeal tissue group , 15 cases of normal laryngeal tissue adjacent to the carcinoma and 15 cases of normal laryngeal tissue opposite to the carcinoma were HPV-DNA negative.The results showed that the occurrence and development of laryngeal carcinoma were closely related to HPV infection. The distribution of genometypes of HPV varied in different lesions of larynx. The carcinogenic action of HPV in laryngeal carcinoma is also discussed in this paper.

LSM6 promotes cell proliferation and migration regulated by HMGB1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Elevated levels of high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1)play a significant role in the pathogenesis of many diseases,but is particularly important for the formation of malignant tumors.Nonetheless,the function of HMGB1 and the underlying mechanism of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC)remain incompletely understood,causing uncertainty.Here we found immunohistochemistry from 97 LSCC tissues showed HMGB1 was upreg-ulated,which was associated with poor differentiation.HMGB1 knockdown could significantly inhibit wound closure and colony formation.The full-genome gene expression microarray was performed to investigate the mechanism.After knockdown of HMGB1 by siRNA,among the expressed differential genes,10 genes were ran-domly selected for validation.Then,shRNA lentivirus targeting these genes were constructed to explore their role in LSCC by cell proliferation assay.LSM6 downregulation was dramatically promoted by HMGB1 knockdown,resulting in higher expression in LSCC tissues.Furthermore,downregulation of LSM6 could significantly suppress cell proliferation,migration and colony formation.This study indicated that HMGB1 promoted LSCC cell malig-nant phenotypes through regulation of LSM6.We anticipate that HMGB1-LSM6 could be a putative therapeutic target for LSCC.