Design of Laser Radar Fiber Optic Liquid Level Sensor System

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DETECTION ON MICRO-DOPPLER EFFECT BASED ON LASER COHERENT RADAR

A laser coherent detection system of 1550 nm wavelength was presented, and experimental research on detecting micro-Doppler effect in a dynamic target was developed. In the study, the return signal in the time domain is decomposed into a set of components in different wavelet scales by multi-resolution wavelet analysis, and the components are associated with the vibrational motions in a target. Then micro-Doppler signatures are extracted by applying the reconstruction. During the course of the final data processing frequency analysis and time-frequency analysis are applied to analyze the vibrational signals and estimate the motion parameters successfully. The experimental results indicate that the system can effectively detect micro-Doppler information in a moving target, and the tiny vibrational signatures also can be acquired effectively by wavelet multi-resolution analysis and time-frequency analysis.

Digital Receiver for Laser Imaging Radar

With the extension of the application domains for laser imaging radar, it is necessary to find a new technical way to obtain high technical performance and adaptive ability. In this paper, A new concept of digital receiver of laser imaging radar system is presented. This digital receiver is defined as a time varying parameter receiver which possesses large dynamics region and time domain filter. The receiver’s mode, component structure as well as every function of its processing are described. The results and laboratorial data show the feasibility of digital reception. Also, it can exploit the inherent nature of laser imaging radar to obtain high probability of detection.

Building of road boundary map based on laser radar

A method for road boundary detection and tracking using laser ladar with respect to a vehicle＇ s local coordinates is proposed. It can be applied to different types of road conditions, such as roads with or without curbs, having relatively rough road surface and with obstacles on road surface. In the method, some line segments are extracted after a series of preprocessing on range data. The extracted line segments are combined and further selected. They are then united to match the road models and generate the road boundary points which are tracked by Kalman filter. Then the obtained road boundary points are transformed to build a precise vector map by least squares fitting algorithm. These fitted line segments represent road boundary vectors. The vector map is precise enough to provide ample road information such as the orientation of road, the road width and the passable road region. Finally, extensive experiments conducted in urban and semi-urban environment demonstrate the robustness, effectiveness and viability of the proposed method.

High Accuracy and Real-Time Gated Viewing Laser Radar

A gated viewing laser radar has an excellent performance in underwater low light level imaging, and it also provides a viable solution to inhibit backscattering. In this paper, a gated viewing imaging system according to the demand for real-time imaging is presented, and then the simulation is used to analyze the performance of the real-time gated viewing system. The range accuracy performance is limited by the slice number, the width of gate, the delay time step, the initial delay time, as well as the system noise and atmospheric turbulence. The simulation results indicate that the highest range accuracy can be achieved when the system works with the optimal parameters. Finally, how to choose the optimal parameters has been researched.

Path Planning Approach Based on Dual Laser Radar Fusion

A dual laser radar based path planning method for mobile robot in general outdoor road environment is proposed. Firstly, the point-wise sequence and target library of the global optimal path are generated based on algorithm A*. Secondly, the local target information and the perceptive information from dual laser radar are combined, and the different field information from both horizontal and aslant fixed laser radars is fused. Finally, the optimal driving angle is computed by the improved angle potential field(APF)algorithm. The practical experiment results validate the robustness and timeliness of the proposed approach.

Noise Temperature Characteristics and Gain-control of Avalanche Photodiodes for Laser Radar

Avalanche photodiodes(APDs) are promising light sensors with high quantum efficiency and low noise. It has been extensively used in radiation detection,laser radar and other weak signal detection fields. Unlike other photodiodes,APD is a very sensitive light detector with very high internal gain. The basic theory shows that the gain of APD is related to the temperature. The internal gain fluctuates with the variation of temperature. Investigated was the influence of the variation of the gain induced by the fluctuation of temperature on the output from APD for a very weak laser pulse input in laser radar. An active reverse-biased voltage compensation method is used to stabilize the gain of APD. An APD model is setup to simulate the detection of light pulse signal. The avalanche process,various noises and temperature's effect are all included in the model. Our results show that for the detection of weak light signal such as in laser radar,even a very small fluctuation of temperature could cause a great effect on APD's gain. The results show that the signal-to-noise ratio of the APD's output could be improved effectively with the active gain-control system.

Design and Tests of A Cable Detection Laser Imaging Radar System

Rotorcraft in low-level flight is endangered by power lines or telephone wires. The development of automation tools that can detect obstacles in the flight path and warn the crew would significantly reduce pilot workload and increase safety. Therefore, a cable detection radar system is developed The real-time dynamic imaging synchronizing with radar space scanning has been implemented in developed ladar system. The requirements of the flight mission to prevent ＂wire strike＂ are analyzed and estimated, the advantages and disadvantages of the millimeter wave system with the laser system are weighted The result shows that Laser system is the best suited for helicopter avoidance obstacle. In addition, several design gist of detecting wire radar that was used in the developed ladar system is proposed and the developed zero backlash imaging technology and several advanced warning function are described. The detailed results of system ground tests and the performances description are presented The ground test of the developed ladar system has demonstrated that the developed imaging ladar system performance can achieve and satisfy the requirements of the mission to prevent ＂wire strike＂.

Application Research on Space Laser Communication in Bistatic Radar System

There exist three synchronizing problems in the bistatic radar system that some signals of the radar receiver must be synchronized with those of the radar transmitter. Several methods realizing data transmission, which are used to complete the synchronization existing in the bistatic radar system, are described. Then a new idea is brought forward that employs space laser communication in the bistatic radar system to realize its data transmission. The theoretic analysis of the idea's usability and its merits are discussed in details. Finally the latest development of space laser communication is introduced, and the utility of the idea is pointed out further.

Comparative research and its significance of deformation measurements by technologies of laser real-time holographic interferome-try and radar differential interferometry

The principles and applications of laser real-time holographic interferometry （LRTHI） and radar differential interferometry （RDI） technologies are described in this paper, respectively. By using LRTHI, we can observe the deformation of samples under pressure in the lab and study the anomaly characteristics relating to different strain fields in different fracture-developing areas; while by using RDI, we can observe the landform and surface deformation. The results of deformation observed before and after the Ms=7.9 Mani earthquake （Tibet） and Ms=6.2 Shangyi-Zhangbei earthquake in China are obtained. It is pointed out that LRTHI and RDi are similar, which study the characteristics of anomalous deformation field by fringe variations for both of them. Therefore, the observation of deformation field in the seismogenic process, especially in the period impending an earthquake by RDI, and the comparative study in the lab by LRTHI are of great significance.

基于激光雷达扫描的料仓原料储料量测量方法

为提高仓内原料储料量测量自动化和智能化水平,设计了一种基于二维激光雷达扫描的储料量测量装置与系统。本系统采用RPLIDARS1型二维激光雷达扫描获取不同储料量物料的原始点云数据,通过坐标变换、重叠点提取、滤波、分割等方法对原始点云进行预处理,采用贪婪投影三角化算法将预处理后的点云进行三维重建,获得仓内原料的三维模型,结合物料三维模型和物料的容重获得仓内原料的储料量,从而实现储料量的自动测量。以玉米为试验对象,测量小型储料塔内玉米储料量并对玉米不同储料量进行扫描测量,验证模型的准确性,结果显示:测量结果的平均绝对误差为8.05kg,平均相对误差为1.52%。研究结果表明,基于二维激光雷达扫描的储料量测量方法是可行的,具有较好的稳定性和测量精度,能够满足实际生产需求。

盖革APD激光雷达高空间分辨率三维重构方法研究

盖革模式阵列APD激光雷达由于像元数的限制导致重构的三维距离像分辨率低,严重限制了对场景信息的感知识别能力。为此,提出一种基于改进图像引导的盖革模式阵列APD激光雷达超分辨三维图像重构算法。主要研究基于配准后的盖革APD低分辨距离图像、增强电荷耦合器件(ICCD)相机高分辨强度图像和马尔科夫随机场模型,建立具有距离保真项和正则化项约束的全局能量函数,最终对优化模型的最优化求解实现高分辨强度图像对低分辨距离图像的超分辨引导重构。实验结果表明,相较于现有算法,文中算法在提升重构三维图像分辨率的同时,也使图像的边缘更加锐利。该研究对于盖革模式阵列APD激光雷达的目标探测、识别和跟踪具有重要意义。

基于激光雷达的自主移动机器人实验教学平台设计

为培养高素质复合型的“新工科”人才,满足相关课程的实验教学需求,设计了基于激光雷达的自主移动机器人实验教学平台。平台涉及机械设计、机器人操作系统开发、同时定位与地图构建(SLAM)、路径规划等相关理论知识。利用平台开发了Rviz可视化界面、SLAM仿真、室外建图、路径规划等实验项目。实验结果表明,自主移动机器人软硬件系统的基本性能良好,相关SLAM算法、路径规划方法具有可行性。通过该平台开展实验教学,可以显著提升学生解决工程实际问题能力和创新实践能力。

室内巡检机器人的定位方法

针对巡检机器人在室内环境进行巡检任务时无法准确到达指定位置的问题,提出一种基于激光雷达和里程计的分区域定位方法。当机器人工作在定位精度要求不高的非目标区域时,采用激光雷达加里程计的定位算法进行导航;而当机器人进入包含指定位置的目标区域时,则利用搭载在机器人上的激光测距传感器和已知位置的地标来推算机器人的当前位姿,并根据机器人的当前误差进行位姿矫正,实现机器人在目标位置的精确定位。实验结果表明:该定位方法的位置误差<2 cm,偏转角误差<1°,满足巡检机器人的定位精度要求,具备可行性和实际价值。

基于微型激光雷达的无人机智能化电力线路巡检技术研究

介绍了一种利用激光探测和测距(LiDAR)进行实时电力线检测的算法,并且对微型激光雷达无人机进行电力线路巡检抽象建模。通过使用平面分析法对巡检现场进行距离的比较来分割点云,并提取一组电力线候选点,这些点被拟合到线段上,线段根据它们的共线性质进一步分组比较。该方法可利用图像的共线特性完成特征检验,并在光线条件差以及线路背景复杂的环境下仍可获得较为可靠的巡检结果。案例中电力线路垂直平均误差最大为0.49 m,其他所有直线的估计平均误差都小于0.07 m,水平拟合时,所有平均误差都在0.14 m以内。验证了所提出基于微型激光雷达的无人机技术进行电力线路智能化巡检方法的有效性与可行性。

融合A^(*)和TEB算法的巡检机器人路径规划研究

针对激光雷达智能巡检机器人在复杂环境下静态障碍物路径规划复杂,动态障碍物躲避效果不佳等问题,提出一种路径规划融合算法以提高机器人避障效果。采用Karto-SLAM进行激光SLAM建图,将A^(*)算法与TEB算法有效融合完成机器人的全局路径规划与局部路径规划。仿真实验与实测表明,通过Karto算法所建地图的平均误差约为1.259%,A^(*)与TEB的融合算法在完成单一A^(*)算法最优路径生成的同时还具备良好的避障功能,有效避障率达到90%以上,满足巡检机器人移动避障等要求。

麻家边水库库容测量与变化分析

以麻家边水库为例,根据中小型水库库容测量的工作内容,探讨无人机载激光雷达测量、无人船自动测量、等高线法和不规则三角网法等先进方法在水库库容测量中的应用,并通过实地调查和对比不同时间的卫星影像资料合理解释水库库容变化,可为类似项目提供有益参考。

基于视觉传达技术的激光成像雷达图像匹配系统

为增强激光成像雷达图像,提升激光成像雷达图像匹配效果,设计基于视觉传达技术的激光成像雷达图像匹配系统。获取激光成像雷达图像,经视觉传达技术中优化后的Retinex增强算法完成图像增强处理后,使用SIFT和旋转不变LBP方法获取关键点和关键点四周区域旋转不变LBP特征,根据关键点相似度判定等实现激光成像雷达图像匹配。实验结果证明:所提系统的峰值信噪比最高为47 dB,结构相似度最高达到0.92;图像特征点匹配精度最高为97%,匹配速度最快为3.6 s,该系统增强了激光成像雷达图像质量,能够高精度实现激光成像雷达图像匹配,为实际工作提供可靠依据与参考。

基于激光雷达的汽车起重机吊臂挠度检测方法

为了提高汽车起重机的工作安全,文中采用了激光雷达检测汽车起重机吊臂挠度的方法,通过外形扫描、点云处理对汽车起重机吊臂挠度进行判断,并在实车上验证了系统的精度和可靠度,结果表明利用激光雷达可以有效地对吊臂挠度进行实时监测,对起重机工况的判断和预警有着重要意义。

全天候工作单光子计数激光雷达

【目的】单光子探测以及单光子测距系统在三维成像和超远距离空间遥感等方向有着广泛的应用。然而,由于器件本身的限制以及太阳光的背景噪声等因素,其应用场景大多处于夜间状态。【方法】文章通过改进传统激光雷达系统,使用全光纤光学系统,利用超窄带宽光纤滤波,大大提高了系统的稳定性,配合机械运动控制实现了超大视角和超高分辨率,且为可以在日间和雾天等光学环境恶劣环境下工作的单光子成像系统。同时,文章所提改进激光雷达系统基于大气穿透性好、传输损耗低的1550 nm波段进行设计,提升了在雾天以及雨天的工作能力。【结果】文章所提系统在能见度为500 m左右的雾天状态实现了1.6 km外物体的三维成像,其成像距离是当时能见度的3倍。配合超高分辨率的时间/数字转换器,并根据激光雷达系统的系统响应函数构建模型,利用最小化负对数似然函数对直方图的强度信息和距离信息进行优化,可以大大提升距离分辨率,相比于最大值法得到的0.05 m的距离分辨率,文章所提系统结合最小化负对数似然函数方法将距离分辨率提升到了0.006 m。同时通过对图像进行正则化处理来抑制光子技术的涨落对成像效果的影响,以此来消除图片中的噪点。【结论】基于1550 nm的全光纤激光雷达系统具备很强的机械稳定性,具备在恶劣天气工作的能力,在远程遥感测绘、地面及车载激光雷达等领域具备极大的应用价值。