Characterization of gradient Ni-Fe/SiC composite coating on mild steel by thermal spraying in combination with laser cladding

Metal matrix composite coating Ni-Fe/SiC was prepared on an iron-based substrate bythermal spraying combined with laser cladding,using SiC particulates as the reinforcing agent.The micro-structures of the coatings formed at different thermal spraying and laser cladding conditions were character-ized by means of X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis.The thermal oxidation properties of themixed powders composed of different content of SiC particulates and relevant Ni-based alloy as the balancewere examined using differential scanning calorimetry.The hardness profile of the thermal sprayed and lasercladding coatings was investigated as well.It was found that SiO2particulates were generated and dissolvedand dispersed during the melting and solidification of the laser cladding process,which was ascribed to theoxidation of the dispersed SiC particulates.The micro-hardness depth profile of the target laser claddingcomposite coating was characterized by gradient distribution,which could be related to the gradient distribu-tion of the hard SiC and SiO2particulates in the dendrites and interdendrites of the cladding layer.Both SiCand SiO2particulates contributed to greatly increasing the microhardness and mechanical properties of the ti-tled laser cladding composite coatings.

Effect of Laser Remelting on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Plasma Sprayed Fe-based Coating

Fe-based amorphous and nanocrystalline coatings were fabricated by air plasma spraying. The coatings were further treated by laser remelting process to improve their microstructure and properties. The corrosion resistance of the as-sprayed and laser-remelted coatings in 3.5wt% NaC1 and 1 mol/L HCI solutions was evaluated by electrochemical polarization analysis. It was found that laser-remelted coating appeared much denser than the as-sprayed coating. However, laser-remelted coating contains much more nanocrystalline grains than the as-sprayed coatings, resulting from the lower cooling rate in laser remelting process compared with plasma spraying process. Electrochemical polarization results indicated that the laser-remelted coating has great corrosion resistance than the as-sprayed coating because of its dense structure.

Laser Remelting of Plasma Sprayed NiCrAlY and NiCrAlY-Al_2O_3 Coatings

Two types of plasma sprayed coatings (NiCrAlY and NiCrAlY-A12O3) were remelted by a 5 kW cw CO2 laser. With increasing laser power and decreasing traverse speed in the ranges of 200-700 W and 5-30 mm/s respectively, the melted track grew in width and depth. In the optimum range of laser parameters, a homogeneous remelted layer without voids, cavities, unmelted particles and microcracks was formed. On the surface of remelted layers, Al203 and YAIO3 were detected. As a result of isothermal oxidation tests, weight gains of laser remelted coatings were obviously lower than that only plasma sprayed, especially laser remelted NiCrAlY-Al2O3 coatings. The effects of laser remelting and incorporation of A12O3 second phase in N1CrAlY matrix on high temperature oxidation resistance were discussed.

Laser Modification of Plasma Sprayed Alumina Coating

An alumina coating was developed on mild carbon steel by plasma spraying and then modified by laser remelting.Some characteristics of plasma sprayed ceramic coating before and after laser remelting,such as microstructure,wear resistance, heat shock resistance,hot corrosion property and bond strength,have been investigated in this paper.

Laser Surface Annealing of Plasma Sprayed Coatings

Laser surface annealing provides a rapid and efficient means for surface alloying and modification of ceramic materials. In this study, Alumina-13% Titania coatings were sprayed with a water-stabilized plasma spray gun. The coated surface was treated by Excimer laser having a wavelength of 248 nm and pulse duration of 24 ns. The surface structure of the treated coating was examined by field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A detailed analysis of the effects of various laser parameters including laser energy density (fluence), pulse repetition rate (PRR), and number of pulses on the morphology and the microstructure of the coatings are presented.

Damage Mechanism of Al_2O_3 Ceramic Coatings Irradiated by CO_2 CW Laser

Rules and mechanism of damage in Al2O3 coatings irradiated by CO2 CW laser are studied in order to improve the ability of parts of equipment standing against the high power laser. Al2O3 coatings were sprayed by air plasma spray（APS） on the 45^# steel substrate, and then were irradiated by CO2 CW laser from 795 W/cm^2 to 31 830 W/cm^2. As the output power of the laser is increasing, its porosity is increasing and cracks are appearing and spreading quickly, And also the phase will transform from γ-Al2O3 to a-Al2O3 in the damaged areas. When the energy density is 17 507 W/cm^2, the coatings are destroyed completely. The thermal infection field on substrate is rather small. The laser energy is depleted by the phase transformation and cracks in Al2O3 coatings during the laser thermal shock.

Effect of Pulsed Laser on the Structure and Morphology of Alumina-Zirconia Coatings

The effect of excimer laser annealing on the structure and morphology of ceramic coatings were investigated. Alumina-40% zirconia (AZ-40) coatings were sprayed with a water-stabilized plasma spray gun. The coated surface was treated by excimer laser having a wavelength of 248 nm and pulse duration of 24 ns. The surface structure of the treated coating was examined by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A detailed parametric study was performed to investigate the effects of different parameters such as laser energy density (fluence), pulse repetition rate (PRR), and the number of shots on the mechanical properties, surface morphology, and microstructure of the coatings. The results of this study indicated that laser energy and pulse repetition rate have significant effects on surface morphology, porosity, and microstructure of the coating.

碳化钨复合涂层的制备技术及其耐磨耐蚀性的研究进展

碳化钨涂层具有化学稳定性高、硬度大和耐磨性好等特点,常用于金属表面涂层的制备。从碳化钨涂层的不同制备原理出发,综述了超声速火焰喷涂、等离子喷涂、等离子熔覆、激光熔覆和真空熔覆等碳化钨涂层制备技术的国内外研究进展,分析了不同制备技术下涂层的耐磨性和耐蚀性,探讨了涂层制备技术存在的问题和未来的研究方向。

等离子喷涂与激光重熔复合制备Mo_(2)NiB_(2)涂层的组织和性能研究

采用大气等离子喷涂方法在Q235低碳钢表面制备Mo_(2)NiB_(2)基金属陶瓷涂层,选取300 W和500 W功率对其进行激光重熔。结果表明,激光重熔可以显著减少涂层的缺陷,使组织结构变得更加致密,界面处的弱机械结合转变为良好的冶金结合。随着激光功率的提高,涂层的结合强度和耐腐蚀性能提高,最大结合强度为38.08 MPa,最小腐蚀电流为0.033μA/cm^(2),但硬度和耐磨性降低,最小硬度为1781HV0.2,最大体积摩擦率为6.25×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m)。上述等离子喷涂及2种激光重熔的Mo_(2)NiB_(2)基金属陶瓷涂层的硬度、结合强度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性都明显高于Q235低碳钢基体。

以TC4钛合金粗粉为原料不同工艺制备涂层的耐腐蚀与耐磨性能

以粒径为53~106μm的TC4钛合金粗粉为原料,分别采用超音速火焰喷涂、大气等离子喷涂、激光熔覆及对超音速火焰喷涂涂层进行激光重熔等4种工艺在AA1060铝基体和Q235钢基体表面制备TC4钛合金涂层,对比研究了不同工艺下涂层的物相组成、微观结构、耐腐蚀性能与耐磨性能。结果表明:超音速火焰喷涂涂层和大气等离子喷涂涂层主要以α相为主,等离子喷涂涂层还含有一定量的TiO相,这2种涂层与基体的结合方式为机械结合,孔隙率较高;铝基体表面激光熔覆涂层和激光重熔超音速火焰喷涂涂层的主要物相为α相,而Q235钢基体表面则为β相,这2种涂层与基体的结合方式均为冶金结合,结构更加致密,晶粒更加细小,孔隙率极低。大气等离子喷涂涂层的平均硬度可达476 HV,约为超音速火焰喷涂涂层的2倍,激光熔覆涂层和激光重熔超音速火焰喷涂涂层的平均硬度分别超过550,600 HV;Q235钢基体表面涂层的硬度高于铝基体表面的涂层。大气等离子喷涂涂层的平均结合强度均约为30 MPa,比超音速火焰喷涂涂层高30%以上。在质量分数3.5%NaCl溶液中4种涂层按照自腐蚀电流密度从小到大的顺序依次为激光熔覆涂层、大气等离子喷涂涂层、激光重熔超音速火焰喷涂涂层、超音速火焰喷涂涂层。在铝基体表面,激光熔覆涂层的摩擦因数最小,大气等离子喷涂涂层的磨损率最小;在钢基体表面,激光重熔超音速火焰喷涂涂层的摩擦因数最小,激光重熔超音速火焰喷涂涂层和大气等离子喷涂涂层的磨损率相近,且小于其他2种涂层。大气等离子喷涂技术在采用粗粉制备TC4钛合金涂层方面具有最佳的性能与成本优势。

激光熔覆铁铬梯度涂层界面调控与性能研究

为解决螺杆钻具磨损问题,通过激光熔覆技术在45钢基材上制备了铁铬梯度涂层。针对梯度涂层熔覆过程中常见的开裂问题,提出了调控熔覆层粉末成分的优化策略,采用不同碳含量的熔覆粉末构建了硬度梯度,并通过熔覆JG-3过渡层优化了界面结合。研究表明,梯度涂层硬度呈梯度上升,耐磨性逐步提升;JG-3过渡层可以促进基体与熔覆层之间的界面结合,有效连接了不同硬度的熔覆层,避免了裂纹产生;断口形貌分析表明,熔覆层呈现出典型的“河流花样”的解理断裂特征,不规则的金属氧化物可以撕裂熔覆层基体,显著降低其熔覆层性能,应对熔覆后的每层表面进行抛光处理,以保证完全清除界面间的氧化层。制备的铁铬梯度层的连接界面保持平整无裂纹。该研究结果为解决梯度涂层熔覆时的开裂问题提供了有效的解决方案与依据。

Microstructure and Tribological Performances of 25NiCr-Cr_3C_2 Coatings Prepared by Laser-Hybrid Plasma Spraying Technology

The 25NiCr-Cr3C2 coatings are deposited on 38CrMoAl substrate by air plasma spraying and laser-hybrid plasma spraying (LHPS) technologies,the coatings' microstructures and tribological performances were studied using an optical microscope,a scanning electron microscope,an X-ray diffraction,and an SRV high-temperature friction and wear tester.At the same time,the coating's bonding strength,microhardness are tested and analyzed.The test results indicate that the LHPS 25NiCr-Cr3C2 coating achieves metallurgy bonding and has higher bonding strength and higher microhardness than the air plasma spraying coating for the addition of the laser power.The laser power makes the 25NiCr-Cr3C2 powders melt more sufficiently and has good fluidity and uniformity and therefore the LHPS 25NiCr-Cr3C2 coating's microstructures become more compact and there are no big cracks and cavities in it.For the above changes,the LHPS 25NiCr-Cr3C2 coating has more excellent anti-high temperature abrasion performance and its friction coefficient is low and very stable,its main failure mechanism is a good combination of mild scratching and plastic deformation.

喷涂及激光熔覆制备难熔金属涂层的研究现状

钼、钽、钨、铌及其合金等难熔金属具有高熔点、良好的高温性能等特点,在防护领域发挥重大作用,但其成本高,且由于熔点高、导热低、脆性大导致其加工比较困难。通过特定工艺在基体表面制备难熔金属涂层,可以在不改变基体性能的基础上使其具有难熔金属优良的力学性能、高温性能,且能够有效降低制造成本,对于装备表面防护具有重大的研究价值。鉴于难熔金属涂层在制造业中发挥着越来越重要的作用,首先介绍了钼、钽、钨、铌等难熔金属涂层的等离子喷涂、爆炸喷涂、激光熔覆及冷喷涂制备技术,总结了各工艺特点。在此基础上,分析对比了不同工艺制备难熔金属涂层的微观组织及性能,归纳了从涂层材料成分及结构、工艺参数及后处理3个方面做出的改进进展。最后对难熔金属涂层制备技术发展尚存的问题与发展方向进行了展望。

AISI 1045钢表面激光熔覆FeCoCrNiAl_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)涂层的界面特性及摩擦性能

激光熔覆高熵合金涂层摩擦磨损行为的研究主要聚焦在涂层表面,鲜有对熔覆层/基体界面区域的摩擦学行为进行研究。为了提高AISI 1045钢的耐磨性,采用激光熔覆技术在AISI 1045钢基体表面制备宏观形貌良好、组织均匀的FeCoCrNiAl_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)高熵合金涂层。利用OM、XRD、SEM、EDS和摩擦磨损测试仪对激光熔覆FeCoCrNiAl_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)涂层的微观结构、物相组成、界面特性和摩擦磨损性能进行研究。通过对FeCoCrNiAl_(0.5)Ti_(0.5)涂层XRD图谱和元素分布分析发现,涂层主要由面心立方(Fe,Ni)相和体心立方相(BCC)形成的共晶组织及其中弥散分布着的NiAl金属间化合物构成。硬度测试表明,从涂层顶部到基体,涂层、稀释区、热影响区和基体的平均显微硬度分别为518±20、561±63、473±81和217±12 HV_(0.2)。涂层/基体界面区域生成了Cr_(23)C_(6),在摩擦过程中会形成一层摩擦层,相比于涂层和基体具有更小的摩擦因数(0.56),磨损率(4.76±0.51×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m))最低,为涂层/界面区域摩擦学行为提供了理论参考。

液压阻尼器活塞杆激光熔覆WC/Co06涂层耐磨耐腐蚀性能

目的研究WC添加量对WC/Co06复合涂层耐磨耐腐蚀性能影响,以期应用到液压阻尼器活塞杆表面,增强活塞杆耐磨耐腐蚀性能。方法采用同轴送粉式激光熔覆设备在液压阻尼器活塞杆用42Cr Mo钢表面制备不同WC含量(质量分数为5%、10%、15%、20%)的WC/Co06涂层,用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪及维氏硬度显微计,对4组不同WC含量的涂层进行质量检测。用滑动摩擦磨损试验机对涂层进行磨损性能测试。用盐雾腐蚀试验箱对涂层进行耐腐蚀测试。结果熔覆层表面质量良好,稀释率为5%左右。熔覆层显微组织随WC含量的升高越来越致密,WC/Co06涂层生成多种硬质相,如Cr_(23)C_(6)、Cr_(7)C_(3)、WC及Fe_(3)W_(3)C等分布在γ-Co固溶体周围增强其硬度以及耐磨耐腐蚀能力。4组熔覆层中,20%WC含量的熔覆层硬度最高(810HV),是基体的(275HV)2.95倍。摩擦磨损及盐雾腐蚀试验后,熔覆涂层磨损量及腐蚀失重均明显降低,其中20%WC熔覆层的磨损量及腐蚀失重最低,分别为基体的54.7%和21%。结论WC可提高熔覆层硬度,改善熔覆层的耐磨耐腐蚀性能,且WC含量越高,强化效果越明显。通过试验可得20%WC含量的WC/Co06涂层具有更优良的耐磨耐腐蚀性能。

激光合金化掺杂TiC对等离子喷涂8YSZ热障涂层热腐蚀行为的影响

传统的等离子喷涂热障涂层在高温环境下服役易受熔融腐蚀盐渗透而过早剥落失效,研究激光合金化掺杂自愈合材料TiC对热障涂层热腐蚀行为的影响具有重要意义。采用大气等离子喷涂技术(Atmospheric plasma spray,APS)在Inconel 718镍基高温合金表面制备NiCrAlY粘结层,采用大气等离子喷涂技术在NiCrAlY粘结层上制备8 wt.%氧化钇部分稳定的氧化锆(8 wt.%yttria partially stabilized zirconia,8YSZ)陶瓷层,构建典型双层结构热障涂层体系。采用1 kW光纤耦合激光器将自愈合材料TiC熔于8YSZ热障涂表层,并考察其在900℃下25%NaCl+75%Na_(2)SO_(4)混合熔盐中保温4 h的热腐蚀行为。结果表明,与等离子喷涂涂层相比,激光合金化改性热障涂层表面更加光滑,分布有网状裂纹,且结构致密。等离子喷涂涂层的热腐蚀产物主要是针状颗粒Y_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)和m-ZrO_(2),但仅有较少的热腐蚀盐渗透至激光合金化改性热障涂层内部,其热腐蚀产物为Y_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)和少量的TiO_(2)。激光合金化改性热障涂层的抗热腐蚀性能较等离子喷涂态热障涂层提升55.5%,一方面激光合金化改性层组织致密,可阻止热腐蚀盐渗透至涂层内部,另一方面,激光合金化改性热障涂层表面粗糙度更低,能减少与热腐蚀盐的接触面积。此外,自愈合材料TiC在高温下发生氧化反应引起体积膨胀,实现裂纹的部分自愈合效应,进一步阻止了热腐蚀反应的发生。采用激光表面改性技术将自愈合材料TiC引入热障涂层,激光合金化改性热障涂层不仅具有光滑的表面形貌,还具有致密的微观组织结构;同时自愈合材料TiC在高温环境下的裂纹自愈合效应有助于抑制热腐蚀盐的渗透,最终提高热障涂层的抗热腐蚀性能。

Q235焊缝表面镍基合金熔覆层在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

目的采用激光、等离子熔覆技术在低碳钢焊缝表面制备镍基耐腐蚀涂层,提高钢管焊缝表面的耐蚀性能。方法通过浸泡腐蚀、动电位极化法、交流阻抗法,研究不同试样在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。利用OM、SEM、EDS和XPS分析腐蚀试样表面、截面的微观组织和腐蚀产物成分。结果采用激光、等离子熔覆技术均可制得成形良好、表面光滑、无宏观裂纹的涂层,且表现出良好的抗点蚀能力;等离子熔覆层晶粒相较于激光熔覆层晶粒更均匀、细小,析出的碳化物(Cr_(23)C_(6)、Cr_(7)C_(3))、硼化物(CrB)等硬质点提高了涂层的硬度,对于抗蚀性有着积极的作用。试样的耐蚀性排序为等离子熔覆层>激光熔覆层>基体。浸泡失重腐蚀实验表明,基体、激光熔覆层、等离子熔覆层的腐蚀速率分别为0.1829、0.1256、0.1027 g/(m^(2)·h)。从极化曲线看出,激光熔覆层(-0.5034 V)、等离子熔覆层(-0.5466 V)的自腐蚀电位相较于基体(-0.8584 V)发生了正移。基体、激光熔覆层、等离子熔覆层的自腐蚀电流密度分别为0.0749、0.0358、0.0033 A/m^(2)。从电化学阻抗谱看出,等离子熔覆层的容抗弧半径最大,激光熔覆层的次之,基体的最小。涂层在腐蚀初期以金属阳极溶解为主,Cl^(-)破坏了涂层表面的钝化膜,导致表面出现点蚀坑,点蚀进一步加剧,腐蚀产物膜层中的结合水与Ni^(2+)、Cr^(3+)反应,生成了Cr(OH)_(3)、Ni(OH)_(2),Cr(OH)_(3)、Ni(OH)_(2),进一步脱水后,分解成Cr_(2)O_(3)、CrO_(3)、NiO,形成由氧化物、氢氧化物组成的腐蚀产物膜,阻碍了溶液Cl^(-)穿过腐蚀产物渗透到涂层表面,提高了涂层的耐蚀性。结论涂层具有优良耐蚀性的本质原因是腐蚀产物膜对腐蚀介质起到了物理阻隔作用。

高能束熔覆制备仿生涂层研究综述

具有耐磨、耐腐蚀等优良性能的仿生涂层可应用于海洋、石油、化工等苛刻环境。研究自然生物材料的仿生结构、仿生涂层的制备方法和质量调控方法,对于制备先进的仿生涂层具有重大意义。从高能束熔覆技术制备仿生涂层、仿生涂层质量调控2个方面,介绍了高能束熔覆技术制备仿生涂层的研究现状。在高能束熔覆技术制备仿生涂层方面,根据不同仿生机制分类,综述了仿生涂层的强化机制以及利用高能束制备方式涂层的研究现状;在仿生涂层质量调控方面,阐述了制备过程中的工艺优化及数值模拟对调控高能束熔覆技术制备仿生涂层性能的作用;最后总结了目前研究中存在的不足,为后续研究提供了参考方向和展望。

海洋环境下飞机结构涂层的耐腐蚀性能研究

在海洋环境下服役的飞机,由于长期遭受海水、盐雾等恶劣环境的影响,极易造成飞机结构的腐蚀。为了提高飞机结构的耐腐蚀性能,采用等离子喷涂与激光熔覆两种技术在304不锈钢基体表面制备了铁基非晶涂层,借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、维氏硬度计等仪器考察了涂层的微观组织形态和显微硬度。在模拟海水的腐蚀环境下,通过测量极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱,探究了铁基非晶涂层的腐蚀行为。结果表明,这两种表面技术制备的铁基非晶涂层都具有良好的耐腐蚀性能,可以降低飞机结构的腐蚀速率,从而保障飞行运行安全。

不同工艺NiCoCrAlYTa涂层组织形态及抗高温氧化性能研究

采用激光熔覆和大气等离子喷涂技术在镍基高温合金(GH4169)上制备NiCoCrAlYTa涂层,研究2种涂层的微观组织和高温氧化性能。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和能谱仪观察涂层的微观组织形态和物相分析。结果表明:激光熔覆涂层中形成胞状亚结构的等轴晶凝固组织,相对于等离子喷涂涂层结构更致密。在1100℃氧化100 h后,喷涂涂层的氧化产物主要为Cr_(2)O_(3)和尖晶石,抗氧化能力降低;而激光熔覆涂层较为致密、孔隙少,氧化产物为γ-matrix、NiO和少量尖晶石,其抗氧化性能明显优于等离子喷涂涂层。