Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni-based composite coatings reinforced by in situ synthesized TiB_2 + TiC by laser cladding

A Ni-based composite coating reinforced by in situ synthesized TiB2 and TiC particles was fabricated on Ti6A14V by laser cladding. An attempt was made to correlate the thermodynamic predictions and experimental observation. The micro- structure and the microhardness profile across the coating were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, and a hardness tester. It is found that the coating mainly consists of a large number of reinforcements （black blocky TiB2, flower-like or equiaxial TiC, and fine acicular CrB） and the 7 matrix. The hardness of TiB2, TiC, and CrB reinforcements is much higher than that of the 7 matrix. The dispersive distribu- tion of such high hardness reinforcements causes the increase in hardness of the whole coating. The average value of the hard- ness is approximately Hv0.2 700 in the coating. The hardness of the coating is obviously higher than that of the substrate due to the dispersion strengthening of reinforcements.

Microstructure and Tribological Properties of In-situ Synthesized TiB_2- TiC /Ni Based Composite Coating by Laser Cladding

A TiB2 and TiC particles reinforced Ni based composites coating was prepared on TC4 alloy surface by chemical reaction among Ti, B and C elements using laser cladding technique. Microstructural analysis showed that the sizes of in-situ synthesized TiB2 and TiC particles ranged within 5~10um and l^2um, respectively, while both the two kinds of particles were uniformly distributed in the clad layer. The measurement of microhardness and wear and friction properties indicated that the microhardness of laser clad layer was HV900-1100, being three times of that of the TC4 alloy; the friction coefficient of the laser clad layer in air and in vacuum (10~5 Pa) ranged within 0.2-0.3 and 0.3-0.5, respectively; the wear rate in terms of mass loss was considerably lower than that of the TC4 alloy both in air and in vacuum environment.

Effect of Fe content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Fe-based composite coatings by laser induction hybrid rapid cladding

To select the proper composition and obtain an overall material?microstructure?property relationship for Cu?Fe alloy, theeffect of Fe content on microstructure and properties of Cu?Fe-based composite coatings by laser induction hybrid rapid claddingwas investigated. Microstructure characterization of the composite coatings was tested utilizing SEM, XRD and EDS. Microhardnessmeasurement was executed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the composite coatings. The results show that for low Fe content,the composite coating presents a feature that Fe-rich equiaxed dendrites are embedded in the Cu-rich matrix. With increasing Fecontent, the Fe-rich particles are dispersed in the Cu-rich matrix. With further increasing Fe content, large amounts of Cu-richparticles are homogeneously dispersed in the interdendrite of the Fe-rich matrix. Correspondingly, the average microhardness of thecomposite coatings increases gradually with the increase of Fe content and the microhardness of Cu14.5Fe83Si2C0.5 coating is muchtwice higher than that of the substrate.

Research on the Formation of Metal-Ceramic Surface Composite Coating by Wide-Band Laser Cladding

Large-area in-situ synthesized TiB2(TiB, Fe2B)—Fe metal-ceramic composite coating has been fabricated on medium carbon steel by laser cladding with the optimal laser parameters and overlapping coefficient. The bonding interfaces between the cladding layer and the matrix and among different tracks are excellent. Microanalysis on the cladding layer shows that the morphology is a little different from each other and the element distribution and the mechanical properties are unanimous in each track while the mechanical property of the cladding layer shows a gradual change from the surface to the matrix. The in-situ separating out thin ceramic phases in the coating contribute to the improving of its properties greatly.

Laser Additive Manufacturing on Metal Matrix Composites: A Review

Important progresses in the study of laser additive manufacturing on metal matrix composites(MMCs)have been made.Recent efforts and advances in additive manufacturing on 5 types of MMCs are presented and reviewed.The main focus is on the material design,the combination of reinforcement and the metal matrix,the synthesis principle during the manufacturing process,and the resulted microstructures as well as properties.Thereafter,the trend of development in future is forecasted,including:Formation mechanism and reinforcement principle of strengthening phase;Material and process design to actively achieve expected performance;Innovative structure design based on the special properties of laser AM MMCs;Simulation,monitoring and optimization in the process of laser AM MMCs.

Laser Multi-layer Cladding Experiment on the DD3 Single Crystal Using FGH95 Powder:Investigation on the Microstructure of Single Crystal Cladding Layer

Laser multi\|layer cladding experiments were performed on the substrate of DD3 single crystal with FGH95 powder as cladding material.The solidification microstructure in the sample was investigated.It was found that the solidification microstructure was greatly influenced by the crystallography orientation of the substrate and the local solidification conditions.When the angle between the preferred orientation of the single crystal and the direction of heat flow in the cladding layer is less than 30°,single crystal cladding layers were acquired.Otherwise the crystallography orientation of the cladding layer will deviate from the orientation of the substrate and the microstructure with polycrystalline appears.Meanwhile,even when the experiments were performed on the same preferred crystal surface,the solidification microstructures will be different distinctly resulting from the variation of the local solidification conditions.The secondary arms were degenerated and the primary arm spacing was about 10\|20μm.Further investigation shows that the phases of the cladding layer are mainly made up ofγ,γ′,the flower\|likeγ/γ′eutectic and carbide.The morphology ofγ′was cubical and the size is less than 0.1μm.

激光金属沉积制备TiC/316L复合材料的组织及力学性能研究

激光金属沉积(LMD)技术可同时实现输送粉末和聚焦激光能量,材料成形率高,能够显著提升材料性能和降低制造成本,具有广泛的应用前景。采用LMD技术制备TiC含量为0%、0.5%、1%和2%的TiC/316L不锈钢复合材料,研究了增强体含量对复合材料组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:通过金相技术观察样品微观结构发现,熔池形貌呈鱼鳞状形貌,中心区域主要为等轴晶粒,熔池边缘区域主要以柱状晶粒为主,相邻熔池之间的柱状晶粒呈外延生长关系,等轴晶粒尺寸分布在10~50μm,而大多数柱状晶粒尺寸超过100μm。随着TiC颗粒含量的增加,复合材料的抗拉强度显著提升,当添加量达到1%时,试样的抗拉强度由623MPa提高至679MPa,且保持30.42%的良好伸长率;然而,当添加量增至2%时,伸长率下降至5.1%,组织中出现了TiC颗粒的团聚现象。

激光熔覆陶瓷颗粒增强金属基复合材料研究进展

陶瓷增强金属基复合材料(MMCs)因其优异的耐磨性、韧性、高温蠕变性能和疲劳强度,广泛应用于生物医学、航空航天、电子等高端工程行业。激光熔覆是在基体表面利用激光束使陶瓷及其他特殊粉末与基体表层融化,并自激冷却形成冶金结合涂层的环保新技术,具有沉积效率高、厚度可控、热变形小、冷却快、稀释率小以及冶金结合等优点。介绍了激光熔覆陶瓷颗粒的形成方式对MMCs性能的影响,讨论了激光熔覆辅助能场及高速激光熔覆技术对MMCs的界面强化效应,并分析了陶瓷颗粒的强化机制和激光辅助能场的作用机制。最后,对目前激光熔覆陶瓷颗粒增强基金属复合材料研究的发展进行了展望。

CeO_(2)添加量对激光熔覆TiB_(2)-TiC/Ni复合涂层组织和性能的影响

利用激光熔覆技术在TC4钛合金表面制备了添加质量分数1.0%,1.5%,2.0%CeO_(2)的TiB_(2)-TiC/Ni复合涂层,研究了复合涂层的物相组成、显微组织和硬度,讨论了搭接率(30%,40%,50%)对最佳CeO_(2)含量条件下复合涂层试样摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:复合涂层均由TiB_(2)、TiB、α-Ti、TiC、Ni_(3)Ti、Cr_(23)C_(6)、Ti_(2)Ni、Cr_(3)C_(2)、γ-Ni等相组成;添加质量分数1.5%CeO_(2)复合涂层的组织最为均匀致密,细化效果明显;随着CeO_(2)添加量的增加,复合涂层的硬度先增后降,添加质量分数1.5%CeO_(2)复合涂层的硬度最高,约为1 015 HV。CeO_(2)的最佳添加质量分数为1.5%,在此条件下随着搭接率的增加,试样的磨损质量损失先减小后增大,当搭接率为40%时,磨损质量损失最小,磨损机理为磨粒磨损。

WC含量对激光熔覆NiCrBSi-WC复合涂层显微结构及力学性能的影响

目的为盾构、勘探及采矿等高载荷严苛磨损条件下的构件表面防护提供一种新的涂层方法。方法以激光熔覆技术为手段,在NiCrBSi粉末中混入30%~80%(体积分数)的球形WC颗粒,用以制备NiCrBSi-WC复合涂层。研究了WC颗粒含量对涂层显微组织形成、硬度、断裂韧性和耐磨性的影响规律。采用SEM分析了涂层的显微组织;通过显微维氏硬度计测试涂层的硬度;通过压痕法测试涂层的断裂韧性;采用磨粒磨损试验表征涂层的耐磨性。结果当WC颗粒体积分数低于60%时,熔融金属的黏度较低,密度更大的WC颗粒会沉淀,导致涂层表层的WC颗粒含量较低;当WC颗粒体积分数介于60%~80%时,WC颗粒在涂层内均匀分布,涂层内无气孔及裂纹等缺陷。当WC颗粒体积分数达到80%时,熔体黏度过大,使气体难以及时逸出,在涂层内形成大量气孔。随着WC体积分数由30%上升到80%时,涂层的平均硬度由67HRC提高到85HRC。涂层的断裂韧性随WC含量的提高,出现先升高后下降的反常现象。60%WC含量的复合涂层表现出最佳的耐磨性,比滚刀常用材料H13钢提高约9倍。结论采用常规激光熔覆技术时,添加40%~60%范围内的硬质陶瓷颗粒,可获得硬质颗粒分布均匀且耐磨性与抗冲击性能优异的复合涂层。

磁场辅助激光熔覆制备Ni60CuMoW复合涂层

采用磁场辅助激光熔覆技术,在Q235钢表面制备了Ni60CuMoW复合涂层,借助SEM,EDS和XRD等表征手段对涂层进行了微观组织和物相分析,利用维氏硬度计测试了复合涂层截面的显微硬度分布,通过摩擦磨损实验和电化学测试系统研究了复合涂层的磨损性能和耐腐蚀性能。研究结果表明:涂层主要由γ-Ni,Cu)固溶体、硅化物和硼化物组成,Cr3Si晶粒细化且均匀致密;磁场辅助作用下,激光熔覆涂层平均显微硬度达到913HV0.5,为无磁场辅助涂层的1.5倍,磨损失重仅为无磁场涂层的36%,自腐蚀电位上升了100mV,腐蚀电流密度降低了70%,耐磨耐蚀性能得到了显著改善。

宽带激光熔覆Ni60B+WC复合涂层的组织及性能

采用自重送粉法在 45钢表面宽带激光熔覆Ni6 0B +30vo1%WC复合涂层 ,并进行现代显微分析。研究的结果表明 ,涂层熔覆区凝固组织主要组成相为WC ,W2 C ,γ Ni,M2 3C6 及M7C3,但随层深发生明显变化 ,扫描速度对涂层熔覆区表面组织形貌有很大影响 ;在干滑动磨损条件下 。

激光熔覆原位合成TiC-TiB_2复合涂层

为了提高材料表面的强度及耐磨性，在Fe901自熔性合金粉末中添加了不同比例的（TiO。＋bC＋c＋A1）混合粉末，采用激光熔覆技术在45钢表面成功制备了TiC—TiB2增强复合涂层。利用x射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、显微硬度计和磨损试验机等对复合涂层的相组成、显微组织形貌及力学性能进行了分析，同时对反应体系进行了热力学计算。结果表明：复合涂层与基材呈冶金结合，无气孔、裂纹等缺陷。反应体系满足原位合成TiC和TiB2的热力学条件。涂层物相由a—Fe、TiC、TiB2和（Fe，Cr），C。组成。细小的方块状TiC颗粒和长条状TiB2均匀弥散分布于涂层基体上，可起到进一步细化组织及沉淀强化的作用。添加（TiOz＋B4C＋C＋A1）混合粉末后，涂层组织明显细化且树枝晶数量减少，并且随着添加量增多，组织越细小。TiC—TiB2增强复合涂层显微硬度在720～760HV。之间，比不含TiC—TiB2的涂层提高了30％左右，耐磨性明显提高，混合粉末添加质量分数为50％时耐磨性最好。

热处理对NiCr/Cr_3C_2-WS_2复合涂层组织与性能的影响

为了研究激光熔覆NiCr/Cr3C2-WS2高温耐磨自润滑复合涂层组织的高温稳定性,对所制备的复合涂层在600℃下分别保温10 h、30 h、50 h,采用XRD、SEM、EDS等手段对热处理前后复合涂层的显微组织进行分析,并分别测试了热处理前后复合涂层的显微硬度及600℃下的滑动磨损性能。结果表明:热处理前后复合涂层物相基本相同,主要为:γ-(Fe,Ni)/Cr7C3共晶相、Cr7C3硬质相、CrS/WS2润滑相。随着保温时间的延长,由于γ-(Fe,Ni)/Cr7C3共晶相的溶解,其体积分数逐渐降低,并且保温50 h后共晶相大部分溶解,Cr7C3相出现断裂造粒现象,复合涂层的硬度有所降低。热处理对复合涂层的摩擦学性能影响不大。

激光金属成形定向凝固显微组织及成分偏析研究

利用高温合金Rene95粉末在镍基高温合金基材上进行激光多层涂覆,研究熔覆层中凝固显微组织的生长特性,基于对柱状晶向等轴晶转化理论的分析,证实通过控制工艺参数组合,可获得具有良好取向的单道多层、多道搭接多层定向凝固涂层和圆环的定向凝固试样,涂层内部的定向凝固柱状枝晶组织细密,枝晶一次间距为5-30μm,二次臂很小或者完全退化,涂层内无明显的成分偏析现象。

激光熔覆NiCrAl-陶瓷涂层的显微组织研究

运用激光熔覆技术在 40Cr钢表面制备了 (TiO2 +B2 O3+Al2 O3+TiB2 ) /NiCrAl金属陶瓷涂层 ,其中的TiB2 和Al2 O3 陶瓷颗粒在激光加工过程中原位反应生成 ;对熔覆层的组织、物相、元素分布和显微硬度分布特征进行了分析研究 ;熔覆层中的主相依次分别是γ Ni,γ′ ,Al2 O3 和TiB2 ,熔覆层的微观结构和硬度主要和激光处理参数和熔覆层化学组成有关[1～ 9] ;陶瓷相的原位生成和加入 ,大大改善了熔覆层的硬度和覆层 /基体界面的结合性能。

塑料模具钢表面激光熔覆陶瓷复合涂层的性能研究

为了提高覆层的硬度和耐磨性,在塑料模具钢P20表面预置非晶的纳米Al2O3,TiC,WC等陶瓷硬质颗粒的涂层,采用CO2激光器进行熔覆处理。对激光熔覆陶瓷复合层的显微组织结构进行了分析,并测试了其硬度和耐磨性。结果表明:通过高能量密度的激光处理,基体和熔覆层元素相互扩散与反应,其中的WC,Al2O3,FeSi成为熔覆层中的硬质相,显著提高了材料的硬度和耐磨性。磨损后熔覆层表面主要为细小的划痕,其磨损方式主要为磨粒磨损。

化学沉积法合成WC/Co粉体及其激光熔覆涂层的制备

采用化学沉积法合成了WC/Co复合粉体,通过激光熔覆的方法在2Cr13不锈钢基体上制备WC/Co复合涂层,并对复合粉体的成分、激光熔覆涂层的形貌、结构和性能进行研究。结果表明复合粉体中Co的含量为17.23wt%,经过激光熔覆的复合涂层与基体之间达到了冶金结合,激光熔覆涂层可以分为三个区域熔化区(合金层),结合区及基材热影响区,复合涂层的显微硬度达到1200HV0.1。

激光熔覆原位自生复合材料涂层的研究

利用激光熔覆技术,使用HL 1500型CO2 激光器在 45#钢表面制备出原位自生成的Ni基金属陶瓷TiB2 涂层。并采用现代化分析手段对涂层的宏观形貌,显微组织特征和元素分部进行了系统的观察和分析。研究结果表明,熔覆合金层显微组织由枝晶固溶体及其间细密的共晶组织组成,涂层中存在γ Fe,γ Ni,TiB2,TiB和少量的Ni4B3。

激光熔覆Fe-Al复合涂层组织及性能研究

采用粉末预置法,在Q235钢表面激光熔覆Fe-Al复合涂层。采用SEM、XRD等方法分析了涂层的显微组织和物相结构,研究了不同激光工艺参数对涂层显微硬度和耐磨性的影响。结果表明,在优化工艺参数下,涂层与基体形成了良好的冶金结合,组织均匀细密,涂层中含有Al2O3硬质颗粒相及金属间化合物Fe3Al,其硬度和耐磨性得到提高。