Effect of three-volt moxibustion with helium-neon laser irradiation on quality of care in patients with lumbar radiculopathy spondylosis

BACKGROUND Lumbar radiculopathy spondylosis is a relatively common orthopedic disease with a high incidence rate.It most commonly occurs in the lumbar 4-5 and lumbar 5-sacral 1 vertebrae,which account for approximately 95%of cases.It mostly occurs in people aged 30-50 years old and greatly affects their quality of life.AIM To determine the effect of triple-voltage acupuncture combined with helium-neon laser irradiation on the quality of care and improvement of symptoms in patients with lumbar radiculopathy spondylolisthesis.METHODS In this study,we selected 120 patients with lumbar radiculopathy spondylosis who were treated at our hospital between June 2019 to June 2020.The patients were divided into control and observation groups according to the random number table method,with 60 patients in each group.Patients in the observation group were treated with three-volt moxibustion combined with helium-neon laser irradiation,and those in the control group were treated with lumbar traction.After 1 month of treatment,the lumbar pain scores,lumbar spine motor functions,clinical treatment effects,and nursing satisfaction of the two groups were compared.RESULTS The results showed that acupuncture combined with laser irradiation significantly improved the patients'clinical symptoms,i.e.,reduced their low back pain,significantly lower numerical rating scale pain scores in the observation group than in the control group,and better lumbar spine motility than in the control group,compared to lumbar traction.In addition,they were cared for.The treatment effectiveness rate of the observation group was 95.5%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(81.67%).Satisfaction with care was higher than 90 points in both groups,but the difference was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION Our study provides a clinical rationale for the future treatment of patients with lumbar spine disease.However,further extensive research is needed for validation.

Low-power laser irradiation promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells via cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Retaining or improving periodontal ligament （PDL） function is crucial for restoring periodontal defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological effects of low-power laser irradiation （LPLI） on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human PDL （hPDL） cells. Cultured hPDL cel Is were irradiated （660 nm） daily with doses of O, 1, 2 or 4 J .cm-2. Cell proliferation was evaluated by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay, and the effect of LPLI on osteogenic differentiation was assessed by Alizarin Red S staining and alkaline phosphatase （ALP） activity. Additionally, osteogenic marker gene expression was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Our data showed that LPLI at a dose of 2 J.cm-2 significantly promoted hPDL cell proliferation at days 3 and 5. In addition, LPLI at energy doses of 2 and 4 J.cm-2 showed potential osteogenic capacity, as it stimulated ALP activity, calcium deposition, and osteogenic gene expression. We also showed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP） is a critical regulator of the LPLI-mediated effects on hPDL cells. This study shows that LPLI can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDL cells. These results suggest the potential use of LPLI in clinical applications for periodontal tissue regeneration.

Low-power laser irradiation inhibits arecoline-induced fibrosis:an in vitro study

Oral submucous fibrosis （OSF） is a potentially malignant disorder that is characterized by a progressive fibrosis in the oral submucosa. Arecoline, an alkaloid compound of the areca nut, is reported to be a major aetiological factor in the development of OSF. Low-power laser irradiation （LPLI） has been reported to be beneficial in fibrosis prevention in different damaged organs. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of LPLI on arecoline-induced fibrosis. Arecoline- stimulated human gingival fibroblasts （HGFs） were treated with or without LPLI. The expression levels of the fibrotic marker genes alpha-smooth muscle actin （a-SMA） and connective tissue growth factor （CTGF/CCN2） were analysed by quantitative real- time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and western blots. In addition, the transcriptional activity of CCN2 was further determined by a reporter assay. The results indicated that arecoline increased the messenger RNA and protein expression of CCN2 and a-SMA in HGF. Interestingly, both LPLI and forskolin, an adenylyl cyclase activator, reduced the expression of arecoline-mediated fibrotic marker genes and inhibited the transcriptional activity of CCN2. Moreover, pretreatment with SQ22536, an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor, blocked LPLI＇s inhibition of the expression of arecoline-mediated fibrotic marker genes. Our data suggest that LPLI may inhibit the expression of arecoline-mediated fibrotic marker genes via the cAMP signalling pathway.

Fabrication of Through Micro-hole Arrays in Silicon Using Femtosecond Laser Irradiation and Selective Chemical Etching

We demonstrate a method of fabricating through micro-holes and micro-hole arrays in silicon using femtosecond laser irradiation and selective chemical etching. The micro-hole formation mechanism is identified as the chemical reaction of the femtosecond laser-induced structure change zone and hydrofluoric acid solution. The morphologies of the through micro-holes and micro-hole arrays are characterized by using scanning electronic microscopy, The effects of the pulse number on the depth and diameter of the holes are investigated. Honeycomb arrays of through micro-holes fabricated at different laser powers and pulse numbers are demonstrated.

Growth Mechanism and Characterization of ZnO 3D Nanocrystals by Laser Irradiation & Coaxially Transporting O_2

Different three-dimension （3D） nanotetrapods, containing club-like nanocrystals, nanotetrapods and four-foot-like nanocrystals were synthesized from Zinc sheet via CO2 laser irradiation and coaxially transporting O2. Different nanoproducts were fabricated by changing the content of oxygen in the experiment. The morphologies, components, phase structures and optical properties of the products were investigated by a field-emission scanning electron microscopy, an X-ray diffraction, an energy dispersed X-ray spectrometer and a photoluminescence spectroscope. The X-ray diffraction spectra were obtained on a Rigaku D/max 2500PC diffractometer. The experimental results reveal that high quality ZnO nanotetrapods can be fabricated on the special parameters, and growth of ZnO nanotetrapods depends on Vapour-Liquid-Solid（VLS） model, and the content of oxygen in the gas, namely, oxygen partial pressure is one of main factors to control morphologies and optical properties ofZnO nanotetrapods; these advantages above are important for realization of optoelectronic devices.

Investigation on the hydrodynamics of slab x-ray laser plasma by nonuiform line focused laser irradiation

Based on the two-dimensional model, this paper compares the hydrodynamics of slab x-ray laser plasma produced by different nonuniform line focused irradiations. It finds that the average intensity and the duration of laser pulse and the overall shape of the intensity distribution in the focal line have different influences on the plasma. Calculations show that the evolution of temperature variation is more sensitive to the pulse duration and the electron density variation is more sensitive to the pulse intensity. Pulses with duration of 200 ps to 500 ps and with intensity of 0.2 TW/cm2 to 1.0 TW/cm2 are proved acceptable in slab x-ray lasers.

Anti-tumor response induced by immunologically modified carbon nanotubes and laser irradiation using rat mammary tumor model

The ideal treatment modality for metastatic cancer would be a local treatment that can destroy primary tumors while inducing an effective systemic anti-tumor response.To this end,we de-veloped laser immunotherapy,combining photothermal laser application with an immunoadju-vant for the treatment of metastatic cancer.Additionally,to enhance the selective photothermal effect,we integrated light-absorbing nanomaterials into this innovative treatment.Specifically,we developed an immunologically modified carbon nanotube combining single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)with the immunoadjuvant glycated chitosan(GC).To determine the ef-fectiveness of laser iradiation,a series of experiments were performed using two different irra-diation durations-5 and 10 min.Rats were inoculated with DMBA-4 cancer cells,a metastatic cancer cell line.The treatment group of rats receiving laser irradiation for 10 min had a 50%long-term survival rate without residual primary or metastatic tumnors.The treatment group of rats receiving laser irradiation for 5 min had no long-term survivors;all rats died with multiple metastases at several distant sites.Therefore,Laser+SWNT-GC treatment with 10 min of laser irradiation proved to be efective at reducing tumor size and inducing long-term anti-tumor immunity.

Influences of KrF laser irradiation on the structure and luminescence of ZnO single crystal

In this paper, we investigate the laser irradiation of ZnO single crystals and its influence on photoluminescence. Our study shows that the photoluminescence of ZnO single crystals strongly depends on surface morphologies. The ultraviolet emissions of laser treated-ZnO under 200 mJ/cm^2 become stronger, whereas for those deteriorated by irradiation above 200 mJ/cm^2, the green emissions centred at 2.53 eV are significantly enhanced with a red-shift to 2.19 eV, probably due to the changes in the charge states of the defects. Enhanced yellow-green emissions are well resolved into four peaks at around 1.98, 2.19, 2.36, and 2.53 eV due to a shallow irradiation depth. Possible origins are proposed and discussed.

Ultrafast Modulation of the Molten Metal Surface Tension under Femtosecond Laser Irradiation

We predict ultrafast modulation of the pure molten metal surface stress fields under the irradiation of the single femtosecond laser pulse through the two-temperature model molecular-dynamics simulations. High-resolution and precision calculations are used to resolve the ultrafast laser-induced anisotropic relaxations of the pressure components on the time-scale comparable to the intrinsic liquid density relaxation time. The magnitudes of the dynamic surface tensions are found being modulated sharply within picoseconds after the irradiation, due to the development of the nanometer scale non-hydrostatic regime behind the exterior atomic layer of the liquid surfaces.The reported novel regulation mechanism of the liquid surface stress field and the dynamic surface tension hints at levitating the manipulation of liquid surfaces, such as ultrafast steering the surface directional transport and patterning.

Sphere-shaped SiGe micro/nanostructures with tunable Ge composition and size formed by laser irradiation

SiGe spheres with different diameters are successfully fabricated on a virtual SiGe template using a laser irradiation method.The results from scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy reveal that the diameter and Ge composition of the SiGe spheres can be well controlled by adjusting the laser energy density.In addition,the transmission electron microscopy results show that Ge composition inside the SiGe spheres is almost uniform in a well-defined,nearly spherical outline.As a convenient method to prepare sphere-shaped SiGe micro/nanostructures with tunable Ge composition and size,this technique is expected to be useful for SiGe-based material growth and micro/optoelectronic device fabrication.

Fabrication of independent nickel microstructures with anodizing of aluminum, laser irradiation, and electrodeposition

Independent microstructures made of Ni metal were fabricated by fivesequential processes: porous anodic oxide film formation, pore sealing, laser irradiation, Nielectroplating, and removal of the aluminum substrate and anodic oxide films. Aluminum plates androds were anodized in an oxalic acid solution to form porous type anodic oxide films, and thenimmersed in boiling distilled water for pore sealing. The anodized and pore-sealed specimens wereirradiated with a pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd-YAG) laser beam in a Ni platingsolution to remove anodic oxide film locally by rotating and moving up I down with anXYZ(theta)-stage. Nickel was deposited at the area where film had been removed by cathodicpolarization in the solution before removing the aluminum substrate and anodic oxide films in NaOHsolutions. Cylindrical or plain network structures were fabricated successfully.

Final Status of a Metal Sample Surface after Multipulse Laser Irradiation in an Ambient Gas

We have investigated the role of the ambient gas nature and pressure in the structure and appearance of the laser treated zone. and the influence of the total duration and temporal shape of laser pulse with the laser tight being λ= 10.6μm wavelength incident upon a metallic surface at intermediate taser intensities of 107-108 W / cm2. A plasma is accompanied by the action of the laser pulse, It acts as an active moderator among laser beam and target thus determining the final status of the contact surface

Multilayer Graphene-Coated Silicon Carbide Nanowire Formation Under Defocused Laser Irradiation

Graphene-coated silicon carbide(SiC@C)core-shell nanostructures have attracted attention in the fields of energy storage and nanoelectronics.In this study,multilayer graphene-coated silicon carbide(SiC)nanowires were obtained through the laser irradiation of a mixture target of graphite powder and silicon(Si)grinding sludge discharged from Si wafer manufacturing.Laser irradiation was performed using an ytterbium(Yb)fiber pulsed laser with a pulse width of 10 ms and a wavelength of 1070 nm with various defocus distances.The effect of laser defocusing on the morphology of the generated nanostructures was investigated.Results showed that nanowires were produced under the defocused conditions,and nanoparticles were observed at the on-focus position.The products obtained under all defocused conditions showed a core-shell structure,and the SiC nanowires were covered by graphene layers.The aspect ratio of the nanowires increased with the defocus distance.Observation of the laser-induced plume using a high-speed camera showed that when the laser was defocused,the plume propagation speed slowed down,and the shape of the plume changed to a swirling vortex.The nanowire formation was closely related to the propagation speed and shape variation of the plume.This successful production of SiC@C core-shell nanowires from Si waste opens up the possibility of the sustainable development of new materials for energy storage and nanoelectronics.

Modeling of nanoparticle-sensitized spatially localized dynamic photohyperthermia in a blood vessel under infrared laser irradiation with a scanning beam

Photoheating in a venous blood vessel under near-infrared laser irradiation by a scanning laser beam,which is synchronized with the blood flow velocity,is analyzed numerically by considering the light scattering,absorption,and heat transfer in the blood and surrounding tissues.The scanning regime of the laser irradiation with a wavelength of 1064 nm is found to increase strongly the photoheating of the blood while minimizing the overheating of the skin and the tissues surrounding the blood vessel.Simulations show that the photoheating effect can be additionally enhanced by light-absorbing nanoparticles in the blood.The proposed approach of dynamic laser photohyperthermia with the scanning laser beam is discussed for potential applications in laser phototherapy.

Electrokinetic-mechanism of water and furfural oxidation on pulsed laser-interlaced Cu_(2)O and CoO on nickel foam

The electrocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived furfural(FF)feedstocks into 2-furoic acid(FA)holds immense industrial potential in optics,cosmetics,polymers,and food.Herein,we fabricated Co O/Ni O/nickel foam(NF)and Cu_(2)O/Ni O/NF electrodes via in situ pulsed laser irradiation in liquids(PLIL)for the bifunctional electrocatalysis of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and furfural oxidation reaction(FOR),respectively.Simultaneous oxidation of NF surface to NiO and deposition of CoO and/or Cu_(2)O on NF during PLIL offer distinct advantages for enhancing both the OER and FOR.CoO/NiO/NF electrocatalyst provides a consistently low overpotential of~359 m V(OER)at 10 m A/cm^(2),achieving the maximum FA yield(~16.37 m M)with 61.5%selectivity,79.5%carbon balance,and a remarkable Faradaic efficiency of~90.1%during 2 h of FOR at 1.43 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode).Mechanistic pathway via in situ electrochemical-Raman spectroscopy on CoO/NiO/NF reveals the involvement of phase transition intermediates(NiOOH and CoOOH)as surface-active centers during electrochemical oxidation.The carbonyl carbon in FF is attacked by hydroxyl groups to form unstable hydrates that subsequently undergo further oxidation to yield FA products.This method holds promise for large-scale applications,enabling simultaneous production of renewable building materials and fuel.

Fabrication of Si_(3)N_(4)/Cu direct-bonded heterogeneous interface assisted by laser irradiation

Joining of ceramic and metal is a key component in microelectronic device manufacturing,in which the integrity of bonded interface is critical in the performance and stability of the devices.Current methods with a problem of thick transition layer at the interface impeded heat flow,which degraded device service life seriously.Herein,we propose a laser-assisted bonding approach to join ceramic to metal directly without any intermediate material.By focusing the laser on the surface of β-Si_(3)N_(4) ceramic,the Si microcrystalline layer with stacked α-Si_(3)N_(4) nanocrystals was prepared first.The face-centered cubic(fcc)Si and hexagonal close-packed(hcp)β-Si_(3)N_(4) substrate take the coherent orientation relations of[001]_(fcc)║[0001]_(hcp) and(220)_(fcc)║(10■0)_(hcp).Then,the defect-free Si_(3)N_(4)/Cu bonded interface obtained by the reaction of the formed Si and Cu at elevated temperature in the 805-900℃range for 30 min demonstrated a strong and stable joining of ceramic to metal.The introduction of the laser provides a novel approach to join ceramics to metals,and the ceramic/metal component is expected to be a new configuration for package substrate in high-power device applications.

Stimulated photoluminescence emission and trap states in Si/SiO_2 interface formed by irradiation of laser

Stimulated photoluminescence （PL） emission has been observed from an oxide structure of silicon when optically excited by a radiation of 514nm laser. Sharp twin peaks at 694 and 692nm are dominated by stimulated emission, which can be demonstrated by its threshold behaviour and linear transition of emission intensity as a function of pump power. The oxide structure is formed by laser irradiation on silicon and its annealing treatment. A model for explaining the stimulated emission is proposed, in which the trap states of the interface between an oxide of silicon and porous nanocrystal play an important role.

Irradiation effects of CO_2 laser parameters on surface morphology of fused silica

To understand the surface morphology evolution of fused silica induced by 10.6μm CO2 laser irradiation at different parameters, this paper reports that optical microscopy, profilometry, and hydrophilicity tests are utilized to characterize the surface structure and roughness of the laser irradiated area. The results show that three typical surface morphologies and two typical hydrophilicity test images are observed at different laser powers and pulse durations. The correlations between surface temperature and surface morphology as well as hydrophilicity behaviours are presented. The different hydrophilicity behaviours are related to surface structures of the laser-induced crater and thermal diffusion area. The thermal diffusion length monotonously increases with increasing laser power and pulse duration. The crater width is almost determined by the laser beam size. The crater depth is more sensitive to the laser power and pulse duration than the crater width.

Study on the Antitumor Effects of Low-energy Laser Irradiation Combined with Cyclophosphamide

Systematic experiments about the antitumor effects of low energy laser irradiation combined with the traditional antitumor medicine of cyclophosphamide were conducted using the experimental model of mouse S180 ascites sarcoma.The three groups of tumor bearing mice were irradiated upon the inner corners with the dosages of 11 00,14 67 and 22 00 J·cm -2 LELI respectively,and injected with CYT intraperitoneally to observe the changes of the survival time,the ascites growth speed,and the kinetic changes of immune functions.The survival times of the three groups of CYT/LELI combination were obviously longer than those of the tumor and CYT control groups.Correspondingly,the amounts of ascites,tumor cells densities and total tumor cells in CYT/LELI groups decreased significantly,while the death ratio of the tumor cells increased.Comparatively,the group of 22 00 J·cm -2 LELI combined with CYT showed the most ideal antitumor effects,and the life prolongation ratio was up to 53 20%.

The Effect of Laser Irradiation on Surface Enhanced Raman Scatering for Silver Film

The laser irradiation effect on the SERS intensity for Ag film is discussed using crystal violet (CV) as a probe. The thickness of silver film,the etching time of the glass slide by gaseous hydrogen fluoride, and the laser irradiation time for different amounts of CV on silver films were investigated. The laser burn out model was proposed to explain the dependence of the SERS intensity of CV on the laser irradiation time.