It is well known that under the ordinary conditions the product of the reaction of silver and sulphur is Ag<sub>2</sub>S. However, it seems to be an interesting attempt to carry out such a reaction under e...It is well known that under the ordinary conditions the product of the reaction of silver and sulphur is Ag<sub>2</sub>S. However, it seems to be an interesting attempt to carry out such a reaction under extreme conditions, for example, in the plasma, the reaction is carried out only between silver and sulfur in no solvent. Since there is quite a part of reactants in the展开更多
The laser ablation-molecular beam（LA-MB） method is useful for studying the reactions of metal ions with molecular clusters. Reactions of magnesium plasma with methanol clusters were studied by using this method. A s...The laser ablation-molecular beam（LA-MB） method is useful for studying the reactions of metal ions with molecular clusters. Reactions of magnesium plasma with methanol clusters were studied by using this method. A specially designed reaction cell was used as a fast flow reactor operated under thermal conditions, and the reaction products were measured with a time-of-flight（TOF） mass spectrometer. Surprisingly, several series of cluster ions with complex sizes and intensity distributions were obtained when the laser ablating was applied to different parts of the molecular beam. In the front part of the molecular beam, strong Mg^＋ （CH3OH）n（ n = 0-5） and weak H^＋ （CH3OH）n（ n = 0-5 ） cluster ions were observed with relatively small cluster sizes ; in the middle part of the molecular beam, the main cluster ions were H^＋ （ CH3OH）n （ n = 6-17 ） and H^＋（ H2O） 2 （ CH3OH）n（ n = 6-17 ） with a relatively large cluster size and a weak intensity; in the back part of the molecular beam, two new series of cluster ions, MgO^＋ （ H2O） （ CH3 OH）n（ n = 6-10 ） and MgOCH3^＋ （ CH3OH）n（ n = 6-10）, were obtained and accompanied by weak H^＋（CH3OH）n（n = 4-7） and H^＋（ H2O）2 （CH3OH）n（ n = 3-6）. The formation mechanisms and speed characteristics of the cluster ions are discussed in this article.展开更多
With two-dimensional quantum electrodynamics（QED） particle-in-cell simulations, a dense electron-positron（e^-e~＋） pair generation from laser-solid interactions is demonstrated. When the interaction of two linearl...With two-dimensional quantum electrodynamics（QED） particle-in-cell simulations, a dense electron-positron（e^-e~＋） pair generation from laser-solid interactions is demonstrated. When the interaction of two linearly polarized laser pulses with a thin target enters into the relativistic transparency regime, a stable standing wave（SW） field can be formed by the overlap of the two counter-propagating laser pulses directly. The present study aims to clarify the effects of the S W field on the dynamics of e^-e^＋ pair plasmas. Our results indicate that under the combined effect of the SW field and radiation reaction（RR） effect, the created e^-e^＋ pairs can be trapped into the electric field nodes when the field strength is strong.The trapping effect contributes to the generation of γAV≥400 and ultra-dense pair plasmas in the two-side irradiation scheme. Despite different laser intensities, these pair plasmas have a Maxwellian spectral distribution with a peak energy of 150 MeV. Besides, the periodical modulation of the average energy, spatial, phase-space, and angular patterns of the e^-e^＋ pair plasmas can be triggered. In the angular patterns, as long as the SW field exists, pair plasmas can be pinched along the laser polarization direction. These results may offer a better understanding of the laser-solid interactions in the experiments when 10-PW laser facilities come into operation in the future.展开更多
The laser fusion criterion is known as the ρR-Criterion, also called high-gain condition. This parameter is temperature dependent and can be calculated by R-matrix method. This method is applied for determining impro...The laser fusion criterion is known as the ρR-Criterion, also called high-gain condition. This parameter is temperature dependent and can be calculated by R-matrix method. This method is applied for determining improved fusion cross-section for the reactions T(d,n)4He, 3He(d,p)4He, D(d,p)T, D(d,n)3He. In this paper the time dependent reaction rate equations for fusion reaction T(d,n)4He are solved and by using the obtained results we computed the fu- sion power density, energy gain versus temperature and ρR-parameter. The obtained results show that a suitable com- bination may be a deuterium fraction fD=0.65 and fT=0.35 which would lead 30% reduction in the tritium content of the fuel mixture, and this choice would not change the energy gain value very much. Finally, the obtained energy gain for D-T reaction by using R-matrix is in good agreement with other theories.展开更多
Structure of 19 cluster cations for AgPn+ and AumPn+ generated by laser plasma reactions have been designed according to chemical bond and calculated using DV-Xamethod of quantum chemistry. The results show that P ato...Structure of 19 cluster cations for AgPn+ and AumPn+ generated by laser plasma reactions have been designed according to chemical bond and calculated using DV-Xamethod of quantum chemistry. The results show that P atoms always tend to form P4fragInnt, then combine with Au atoms. The ability of Au atoms to form cluster is stronger than Ag atorns. It combines with P4 fragment after forming chain or cluster of Au atoms.In many-nuclear system the 5d2, 6s1 hybrid orbitals of Au atoms overlap to foTm cluster skeleton orbitals with each other, there axe a lot of metallic nonbonding orbitals.展开更多
文摘It is well known that under the ordinary conditions the product of the reaction of silver and sulphur is Ag<sub>2</sub>S. However, it seems to be an interesting attempt to carry out such a reaction under extreme conditions, for example, in the plasma, the reaction is carried out only between silver and sulfur in no solvent. Since there is quite a part of reactants in the
基金Supported by the Doctoral Startup Foundation from Qufu Normal University.
文摘The laser ablation-molecular beam（LA-MB） method is useful for studying the reactions of metal ions with molecular clusters. Reactions of magnesium plasma with methanol clusters were studied by using this method. A specially designed reaction cell was used as a fast flow reactor operated under thermal conditions, and the reaction products were measured with a time-of-flight（TOF） mass spectrometer. Surprisingly, several series of cluster ions with complex sizes and intensity distributions were obtained when the laser ablating was applied to different parts of the molecular beam. In the front part of the molecular beam, strong Mg^＋ （CH3OH）n（ n = 0-5） and weak H^＋ （CH3OH）n（ n = 0-5 ） cluster ions were observed with relatively small cluster sizes ; in the middle part of the molecular beam, the main cluster ions were H^＋ （ CH3OH）n （ n = 6-17 ） and H^＋（ H2O） 2 （ CH3OH）n（ n = 6-17 ） with a relatively large cluster size and a weak intensity; in the back part of the molecular beam, two new series of cluster ions, MgO^＋ （ H2O） （ CH3 OH）n（ n = 6-10 ） and MgOCH3^＋ （ CH3OH）n（ n = 6-10）, were obtained and accompanied by weak H^＋（CH3OH）n（n = 4-7） and H^＋（ H2O）2 （CH3OH）n（ n = 3-6）. The formation mechanisms and speed characteristics of the cluster ions are discussed in this article.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CBA01504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11347028,11405083,and 11675075)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.2018JJ2315)the Youth Talent Project of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.2018RS3096)
文摘With two-dimensional quantum electrodynamics（QED） particle-in-cell simulations, a dense electron-positron（e^-e~＋） pair generation from laser-solid interactions is demonstrated. When the interaction of two linearly polarized laser pulses with a thin target enters into the relativistic transparency regime, a stable standing wave（SW） field can be formed by the overlap of the two counter-propagating laser pulses directly. The present study aims to clarify the effects of the S W field on the dynamics of e^-e^＋ pair plasmas. Our results indicate that under the combined effect of the SW field and radiation reaction（RR） effect, the created e^-e^＋ pairs can be trapped into the electric field nodes when the field strength is strong.The trapping effect contributes to the generation of γAV≥400 and ultra-dense pair plasmas in the two-side irradiation scheme. Despite different laser intensities, these pair plasmas have a Maxwellian spectral distribution with a peak energy of 150 MeV. Besides, the periodical modulation of the average energy, spatial, phase-space, and angular patterns of the e^-e^＋ pair plasmas can be triggered. In the angular patterns, as long as the SW field exists, pair plasmas can be pinched along the laser polarization direction. These results may offer a better understanding of the laser-solid interactions in the experiments when 10-PW laser facilities come into operation in the future.
文摘The laser fusion criterion is known as the ρR-Criterion, also called high-gain condition. This parameter is temperature dependent and can be calculated by R-matrix method. This method is applied for determining improved fusion cross-section for the reactions T(d,n)4He, 3He(d,p)4He, D(d,p)T, D(d,n)3He. In this paper the time dependent reaction rate equations for fusion reaction T(d,n)4He are solved and by using the obtained results we computed the fu- sion power density, energy gain versus temperature and ρR-parameter. The obtained results show that a suitable com- bination may be a deuterium fraction fD=0.65 and fT=0.35 which would lead 30% reduction in the tritium content of the fuel mixture, and this choice would not change the energy gain value very much. Finally, the obtained energy gain for D-T reaction by using R-matrix is in good agreement with other theories.
文摘Structure of 19 cluster cations for AgPn+ and AumPn+ generated by laser plasma reactions have been designed according to chemical bond and calculated using DV-Xamethod of quantum chemistry. The results show that P atoms always tend to form P4fragInnt, then combine with Au atoms. The ability of Au atoms to form cluster is stronger than Ag atorns. It combines with P4 fragment after forming chain or cluster of Au atoms.In many-nuclear system the 5d2, 6s1 hybrid orbitals of Au atoms overlap to foTm cluster skeleton orbitals with each other, there axe a lot of metallic nonbonding orbitals.
