A theoretical study of the signal enhancement mechanism of coaxial DP-LIBS

In the field of dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(DP-LIBS)research,the pursuit of methods for determining pulse intervals and other parameters quickly and conveniently in order to achieve optimal spectral signal enhancement is paramount.To aid researchers in identification of optimal signal enhancement conditions and more accurate interpretation of the underlying signal enhancement mechanisms,theoretical simulations of the spatiotemporal processes of coaxial DP-LIBS-induced plasma have been established in this work.Using a model based on laser ablation and two-dimensional axisymmetric fluid dynamics,plasma evolutions during aluminum–magnesium alloy laser ablation under single-pulse and coaxial dualpulse excitations have been simulated.The influences of factors,such as delay time,laser fluence,plasma temperature,and particle number density,on the DP-LIBS spectral signals are investigated.Under pulse intervals ranging from 50 to 1500 ns,the time evolutions of spectral line intensity,dual-pulse emission enhancement relative to the single-pulse results,laser irradiance,spatial distribution of plasma temperature and species number density,as well as laser irradiance shielded by plasma have been obtained.The study indicates that the main reason behind the radiation signal enhancement in coaxial DP-LIBS-induced plasma is attributed to the increased species number density and plasma temperature caused by the second laser,and it is inferred that the shielding effect of the plasma mainly occurs in the boundary layer of the stagnation point flow over the target surface.This research provides a theoretical basis for experimental research,parameter optimization,and signal enhancement tracing in DP-LIBS.

Research on laser weld penetration monitoring with laser induced plasma signals

In this paper, laser induced plasma signals were analyzed during keyhole welding through three methods. According to the results, the relativity between optical and acoustic signals of plasma is shown when welds are in full-penetration, or partial-penetration and non-penetration.

Stochastic resonance in a single-mode laser driven by frequency modulated signal and coloured noises

By adding frequency modulated signals to the intensity equation of gain noise model of the single-mode laser driven by two coloured noises which are correlated, this paper uses the linear approximation method to calculate the power spectrum and signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） of the laser intensity. The results show that the SNR appears typical stochastic resonance with the variation of intensity of the pump noise and quantum noise. As the amplitude of a modulated signal has effects on the SNR, it shows suppression, monotone increasing, stochastic resonance, and multiple stochastic resonance with the variation of the frequency of a carrier signal and modulated signal.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLASMA OPTIC SIGNAL AND PENETRATION DEPTH FOR PARTIAL-PENETRATION LASER WELDING

Through sampling and analyzing of plasma optic signals of 400-600 nm emitted from partial-penetration laser welding processes, how the penetration depth is related to the welding parameter and the plasma optic signal is studied, Under the experimental conditions, the plasma optic signal has good response to variety of the weld penetration, and the signal＇s RMS value increases with the penetration in a quadratic curve mode. The inherent relation between the plasma optic signal and the penetration depth is also analyzed. It is also found that, between the two common parameters of laser power and welding speed, laser power has more influence on penetration while welding speed has more influence on weld width. The research results provide theoretic and practical bases for penetration real-time monitoring or predicting in partial-penetration laser welding,

Stochastic Resonance in Linear Region of a Single-Mode Laser: Effects of Amplitude Modulation of Signal

A single-mode laser noise model driven by quadratic colored pump noise and amplitude modulation signal is proposed. The real and imaginary parts of the pump noise are assumed to be cross-correlation. The effect of cross- correlation of noise and amplitude modulation of signal on laser statistical properties is studied by using the linearized approximation. The analytic expression of signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） is calculated. It is found that the phenomena of stochastic resonance （SR） respectively exist in the curves of the SNR versus the noise cross-correlation coefficient λ and the SNR versus the pump parameter a, as well as the SNR versus the signal frequency ω in our model. It is shown that there are three different typies of SR in the model： the conventional form of SR, the SR in the broad sense, and the bona fide SR.

Photoelectric detection technology of laser seeker signals

The measurement of the rolling angle of the projectile is one of the key technologies for the terminal correction projectile.To improve the resolution accuracy of the rolling angle in the laser seeker weapon system, the imaging model of the detector, calculation model of the position and the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) model of the circuit are built to derive both the correlation between the resolution error of the rolling angle and the spot position, and the relation between the position resolution error and the SNR. Then the influence of each parameter on the SNR is analyzed at large,and the parameters of the circuit are determined. Meanwhile, the SNR and noise voltage of the circuit are calculated according to the SNR model and the decay model of the laser energy. Finally,the actual photoelectric detection circuit is built, whose SNR is measured to be up to 53 d B. It can fully meet the requirement of0.5° for the resolution error of the rolling angle, thereby realizing the analysis of critical technology for photoelectric detection of laser seeker signals.

The Reception Method of Laser Interferometric Measuring Signals by Three Photoelectric Cells

A new method of receiving laser interferometric measuring signals, that is, method of three photoelectric cells, is presented. The advantages and favorable conditions of the method are analyzed and discussed thoroughly. This method has been successfully applied in the high precision laser interferometer.

Analysis of random laser scattering pulse signals with lognormal distribution

The statistical distribution of natural phenomena is of great significance in studying the laws of nature. In order to study the statistical characteristics of a random pulse signal, a random process model is proposed theoretically for better studying of the random law of measured results. Moreover, a simple random pulse signal generation and testing system is designed for studying the counting distributions of three typical objects including particles suspended in the air, standard particles, and background noise. Both normal and lognormal distribution fittings are used for analyzing the experimental results and testified by chi-square distribution fit test and correlation coefficient for comparison. In addition, the statistical laws of three typical objects and the relations between them are discussed in detail. The relation is also the non-integral dimension fractal relation of statistical distributions of different random laser scattering pulse signal groups.

The statistical fluctuation of a single-mode laser system driven by coloured pump noise with signal modulation and the quantum noise with cross-correlation between its real and imaginary parts

Using the linear approximation method, this paper studies the statistical property of a single-mode laser driven by both coloured pump noise with signal modulation and the quantum noise with cross-correlation between its real and imaginary parts, and calculates the steady-state mean normalized intensity fluctuation and intensity correlation time. It analyses the influences of the modulation signal, the net gain coefficient, the noise and its correlation form on the statistical fluctuation of the laser system respectively. It is found that the coloured pump noise modulated by the signal has a great suppressing action on the statistical fluctuation of the laser system; the pump noise self-correlation time and the specific frequency of modulation signal have the result that the statistical fluctuation tends to zero. Furthermore, the ＇colour＇ correlation of pump noise has much influences on the statistical fluctuation of the laser system. Increasing the intensity of pump noise will augment the statistical fluctuation of the laser system, but the intensity of quantum noise and the coefficient of cross-correlation between its real and imaginary parts have less influence on the statistical fluctuation of the laser system. Therefore, from the conclusions of this paper the statistical property can be known and a theoretical basis for steady operation and output of the laser system can be provided.

Large Signal Circuit Model of Two-Section Gain Lever Quantum Dot Laser

An equivalent circuit model for the design and analysis of two-section gain lever quantum dot(QD)laser is presented.This model is based on the three level rate equations with two independent carrier populations and a single longitudinal optical mode.By using the presented model,the effect of gain lever on QD laser performances is investigated.The results of simulation show that the main characteristics of laser such as threshold current,transient response,output power and modulation response are affected by differential gain ratios between the two-sections.

Statistical Properties of a Ring Laser with Injected SIgnal and Backscattering

The statistical properties of a homogeneously broadened ring laser with an injected signal are investigated and the normalized two-mode intensity auto- and cross-correlation functions are calculated by a full saturation laser theory with backscattering. The theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental measurements.Further investigation reveals that the backscattering can reduce the fluctuations in the system while the full saturation effect plays a major role when the laser is operated above threshold. It is also quite important to notice that the injected signal can drive the weak mode from incoherent light to coherent light.

Influence of Signal and Noise on Statistical Fluctuation of Single-Mode Laser System

On the basis of calculating the steady-state mean normalized intensity fluctuation of a signal-mode laser system driven by both colored pump noise with signal modulation and the quantum noise with cross-correlation between its real and imaginary parts, we analyze the influence of modulation signal, noise, and its correlation form on the statistical fluctuation of the laser system. We have found that when the amplitude of modulation signal weakens and its frequency quickens, the statistical fluctuation will reduce rapidly. The by reducing the intensity of pump noise and quantum noise. statistical fluctuation of the laser system can be restrained Moreover, with prolonging of colored cross-correlation time, the statistical fluctuation of laser system experiences a repeated changing process, that is, from decreasing to augmenting, then to decreasing, and finally to augmenting again. With the decreasing of the value of cross-correlation coe~cient, the statistical fluctuation will decrease too. When the cross-correlation form between the real part and imaginary part of quantum noise is zero correlation, the statistical fluctuation of laser system has a minimum. Compared with the influence of intensity of pump noise, the influence of intensity of quantum noise on the statistical fluctuation is smaller.

Large Signal Modulation Characteristics in the Transition Regime for Two-State Lasing Quantum Dot Lasers

Large-signal modulation capability, as an important performance indicator, is directly related to the high-speed optical communication technology involved. We experimentally and theoretically investigate the large-signal modulation characteristics of the simultaneous ground-state （GS） and the excited-state （ES） lasing in InAs/OaAs quantum dot laser diodes. The large-signal modulation capability of total light intensity in the transition regime from OS lasing to two-state lasing is unchanged as the bias-current increases. However, GS and ES large-signal eye diagrams show obvious variations during the transition. Relaxation oscillations and large-signal eye diagrams for OS, ES, and total light intensities are numerically simulated and analyzed in detail by using a rate-equation model. The -ndings show that a complementary relationship between the light intensities for OS and ES lasing exists in both the transition regime and the two-state lasing regime, leading to a much smaller overshooting power and a shorter settling time for the total light intensity. Therefore, the eye diagrams of GS or ES lasing are diffuse whereas those of total light intensity are constant as the bias-current increases in the transition regime.

Simulation of Diode-Pumped Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser Generating Eye-Safe Signal in IOPO Environment

Numerical simulation of diode-pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG laser leading to the generation of eye-safe signal in singly resonant Intracavity Optical Parametric Oscillator (IOPO) is presented. Starting from rate equations, the time dependent laser equations have been solved numerically, whereas the space-dependent OPO equations analytically. Our results show that 1.4 J diode laser (810 nm) pulse with 200 msec width, delivers 30 mJ Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) pulse with 5 n-second width. This Nd:YAG laser further generates 9 mJ eye safe signal (1570 nm) pulse with 2.5 n-second width.

Signal processing circuit of laser gyro based on FPGA and DSP

This is a paper about laser gyro sign a l processing circuit which is designed based on field-programmable gate array(FPGA) and digital signal processor(DSP).Through a pre-amplifier circuit,FPGA and DSP,a weak current signal is converted and transferred,then sent to the computer to display the final results.Through the laser gyro performance te sting,the obtained results coincide with those of the existing methods.Thus th e d esigned circuit realizes the function of laser gyro signal processing.

Effect of low-level laser irradiation(LLLI)combined with ferulic acid on the osteoblast differentiation and maturation as well as osteogenesis signaling pathway expression

Objective: To study the effect of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) combined with ferulic acid on the osteoblast differentiation and maturation as well as osteogenesis signaling pathway expression. Methods: The cranium was collected from the SD rats born within 24 h, osteoblasts were separated, cultured and then divided into control group, ferulic acid group, LLLI group, ferulic acid + LLLI group, and the expression osteoblast differentiation markers, proliferation molecules and signaling pathway molecules were detected after continuous treatment with different conditions for three days. Results: 3 d after treatment, the Bax and Bid mRNA expression in ferulic acid group, LLLI group and ferulic acid + LLLI group of cells were significantly lower than those in control group while Bcl-2, CyclinD1, E2F, Col-I, OC and ALP mRNA expression as well as Wnt, β-catenin, Runx2, cAMP and PKA protein expression were significantly higher than those in control group;Bax and Bid mRNA expression in ferulic acid + LLLI group of cells were significantly lower than those in ferulic acid group and LLLI group while Bcl-2, CyclinD1, E2F, Col-I, OC and ALP mRNA expression as well as Wnt, β-catenin, Runx2, cAMP and PKA protein expression were significantly higher than those in ferulic acid group and LLLI group;Col-I, OC, ALP, Bax, Bid, Bcl-2, CyclinD1 and E2F mRNA expression as well as Wnt, β-catenin, Runx2, cAMP and PKA protein expression were not significantly different between ferulic acid group and LLLI group. Conclusion: Low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) combined with ferulic acid can promote osteoblast differentiation and maturation and activate osteogenesis signaling pathway.

介观领域中的激光熔透信号物理特性研究

可靠熔透在线检测是激光焊接智能制造领域的重要问题,但是激光熔透信号属于介观尺度光学信号,而传统检测方法受宏观采样手段局限无法有效获取介观熔透信息.所以开展激光匙孔内部更深层次的介观领域特性研究,对于实现可靠熔透在线检测具有重要的指导意义.试验通过自制的光学成像系统,在红外特定谱段下捕捉到了介观熔透信号,研究表明该信号具有隐蔽性强、指向性高、波动性大、趋势性显著的物理特性,并充分证明了介观熔透信号复杂波动表面下的趋势性特征.通过抽象化提取和比对分析发现,该特征不但重复性较好、受焊接热反应本质制约,更与激光焊接熔透状态具有较好的一致性.通过该项研究可为开发介观尺度激光熔透可靠在线检测提供重要理论支撑.

红外偏振辐射模型对铬和铜元素的优化识别

针对优化激光诱导击穿光谱技术识别铬和铜元素的问题,本文提出了一种结合红外偏振检测理论的方法。利用菲涅尔反射定律和基尔霍夫理论分析了红外偏振产生机理,根据能量守恒定律验证了目标红外自发热辐射的偏振特性;利用红外偏振辐射传输模型及菲涅尔反射穆勒矩阵,结合温度的麦克斯韦-玻尔兹曼分布特性,推导出了等离子体红外偏振辐射信号模型,用于识别各激发能量下的重金属元素;利用5种不同能量的脉冲激光验证了模型的精准性。结果表明:在相同的激光能量下,红外偏振辐射光谱可以收集到更多的特征信号峰;在低能量激励下,红外偏振辐射光谱的优势更为突出。红外偏振辐射模型的构建是科学有效的,可用于优化重金属元素的快速检测。

基于误差补偿的光源调频非线性校正研究

由于FMCW光源非线性频率调制的影响,其差频信号的频谱会出现展宽,降低频谱分辨率,因此光源非线性校正是该体制激光雷达精确测距的前提。为了避免现有非线性校正技术系统结构复杂,测量成本高的缺陷,本文提出了基于误差补偿的FMCW光源非线性校正法。该方法通过输出信号与线性回归数据之间的误差,构建与输出信号频率变化趋势相反的校正数据作为激光器的调制信号源。经过若干次循环补偿,逐步将输出信号频率与线性回归数据之间的决定系数提高到0.9995以上。最终通过距离测量实验,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。

基于空间变换技术的脉冲激光声信号检测

针对目前脉冲激光声信号检测方法极易受到环境噪声的影响,导致检测精确度不理想的问题。提出基于空间变换技术的脉冲激光声信号检测方法。首先,采用小波阈值法去除脉冲激光声信号中的噪声;其次,利用球傅里叶空间变换技术对声信号中的声源展开定位,获取声信号的准确位置;最后,分别提取声信号中的比值特征、比重特征、频率特征三种参数,在此基础上通过SVM算法对其展开分类识别,以此实现脉冲激光声信号的有效检测。实验结果表明,所提方法的声信号检测精度超过96%。