EVOLUTION OF MICROSTRUCTURE OF LASER SURFACE ALLOYING OF γ TiAi ALLOY WITH NITROGEN

Laser surface alloying of γ TiAl alloy with nitrogen was studied under the constant protective nitrogen current (20l /min). The experimental results shown that the surface multi layers formed with experimental parameters could be up to 600μm depth; it consists of TiN,Ti 2AlN,α 2 and γ phases, without AlN, and the irregular coarse continuous “flow” line,dendrite,needle and granular nitrides disperse on the fine dendrite casting α 2 and γ phases substrate. The microstructure and compositions in the nitiding layer were determined and analyzed by SEM and EPMA and the mechanism for the formation of microstructure in the nitriding layer was also discussed.

Effect of rotation angle on surface morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 alloy fabricated by high power laser powder bed fusion

Rotation angle of the laser scan direction between two adjacent layers is a key controlling parameter during the high-power (≥ 1 kW) laser powder bed fusion (HP-LPBF) process. This study investigates the influences of rotation angles (θ = 0°, 45°, 90°, 105°) on the surface morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 (IN718) alloy produced by HP-LPBF. Results show that adopting low rotation angles (e.g., 0° and 45°) is prone to relatively poor surface finish and lack-of-fusion defects, whereas adopting high rotation angles (e.g., 90° and 105°) induces smaller surface roughness and better relative density. Each case reveals a noticeable edge effect but the maximal heights witness a downward trend with the increase of rotation angle. There are some minor differences in the primary dendrite arm spacing and grain morphology by varying the rotation angles. Moreover, the tensile property is slightly enhanced as the rotation angle increases. The present work suggests that high rotation angles like 90° and 105° would probably be more favorable for the 1 kW HP-LPBF process than rotation angles with relatively low values.

Microstructure and wear resistance of TiC carbide-reinforced composite coating prepared by laser surface alloying

To strengthen the wear resistance of AISI321 stainless steel, the TiC carbide-reinforced composite coating was produced by laser surface alloying. The microstructure, microhardness, and wear resistance of the composite coatings were investigated using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) meter, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microhardness tester, and sliding wear tester. The results show that the composite coating is metallurgically bonded to the substrate and the microstructure is fine and uniform. The hardness of the composite coating is up to 400 HV, which is 2.5 times that of the substrate. Under room temperature and oil lubrication condition, the sliding wear tests indicate the friction coefficient and weight loss of the composite coating are smaller than those of substrate. The worn surface of the composite coatings is much smoother than that of the substrate, without grooves and crater. The wear resistance of the material has been greatly improved by laser surface alloying.

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of duplex-phase Ti6242 alloy treated by laser shock peening

The effects of laser shock peening(LSP)on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the Ti6242 alloy,including the residual stress,surface roughness,Vickers microhardness,tensile mechanical response,and high-cycle fatigue properties,were studied.The results showed that the LSP induced residual compressive stresses on the surface and near surface of the material.The maximum surface residual compressive stress was−661 MPa,and the compressive-stress-affected depth was greater than 1000μm.The roughness and Vickers micro-hardness increased with the number of shocks,and the maximum hardness-affected depth was about 700μm after three LSP treatments.LSP enhanced the fraction of low-angle grain boundaries,changed the grain preferred orientations,and notably increased the pole density ofαphase on the near surface from 2.41 to 3.46.The surface hardness values of the LSP samples increased with the increase of the number of shocks due to work hardening,while the LSP had a limited effect on the tensile properties.The high-cycle fatigue life of the LSP-treated sample was significantly enhanced by more than 20%compared with that of the untreated sample,which was caused by the suppression of the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks.

Influence of laser surface remelting on microstructure and degradation mechanism in simulated body fluid of Zn-0.5Zr alloy

In this study,the Zn-0.5 wt%Zr(Zn-Zr)alloy was treated by laser surface remelting(LSR),and then the microstructure and degradation mechanism of the remelting layer were investigated and compared with the original as-cast alloy.The results reveal that after LSR,the bulky Zn(22)Zr phase in the original Zn-Zr alloy is dissolved and the coarse equiaxed grains transform into fine dendrites with a secondary dendrite arm space of about 100 nm.During the degradation process in simulated body fluid(SBF),the corrosion products usually concentrate at some certain areas in the original alloy,while the corrosion products distribute uniformly and loosely in the LSR-treated surface.After removing the corrosion products,it was found that the former suffers obvious pitting corrosion and then localized corrosion.The proposed mechanism is that corrosion initiates at grain boundaries and develops into the depth at some locations,and then leads to localized corrosion.For the LSR-treated sample,corrosion initiates at some active sites and propagates in all directions,corrosion takes place in the whole surface with distinctly uniform thickness reduction,while the localized corrosion and peeling of bulky Zn(22)Zr particles were eliminated.The electrochemical results also suggest the uniform corrosion of LSR-treated sample and localized corrosion of original sample.Based on the results,a new approach to regulate the corrosion mode of the biodegradable Zn alloy is proposed.

Influence Mechanism of Process Parameters on Relative Density, Influence Mechanism of Process Parameters on Relative Density, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Low Sc-Content Al-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Additive manufacturing of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys is a promising technique for the fabrication of lightweight components with complex shapes.In this study,the effect of the process parameters of selective laser melting(SLM)on the surface morphology,relative density,microstructure,and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr high-strength aluminum alloys with low Sc content was systematically investigated.The results show that the energy density has an important effect on the surface quality and densification behavior of the Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy during the SLM process.As the energy density increased,the surface quality and the number of internal pores increased.However,the area of the fine-grained region at the boundary of the molten pool gradually decreased.When the laser energy density was set to 151.52 J/mm3,a low-defect sample with a relative density of 99.2%was obtained.After heat treatment,the area of the fine grains at the boundary increased significantly,thereby contributing to the excellent mechanical properties.The microstructure was characterized by a unique“fan-shaped”heterogeneous structure.As the energy density increased,the microhardness first increased and then decreased,reaching a maximum value of 122 HV0.3.With the optimized process parameters,the yield strength(YS),ultimate tensile strength(UTS),and elongation of the as-built Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys were 346.8±3.0 MPa,451.1±5.2 MPa,14.6%±0.8%,respectively.After heat treatment at 325°C for 8 h,the hardness increased by 38.5%to 169 HV0.3,and the YS and UTS increased by 41.3%and 18.1%,respectively,to 490.0±9.0 MPa and 532.7±7.8 MPa,respectively,while the elongation slightly decreased to 13.1%±0.7%.

激光冲击强化对ZL205A铝合金组织及性能的影响

目的研究激光冲击强化处理对ZL205A铝合金表面完整性和力学性能的影响规律,改善材料的残余应力状态,提高材料的力学性能。方法利用激光共聚焦显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪对激光冲击前后试样的表面形貌与微观组织进行分析,通过显微硬度、纳米压痕和拉伸性能测试方法,对ZL205A铝合金激光冲击处理前后试样的硬度、纳米硬度和拉伸性能进行评价。结果ZL205A铝合金经过激光冲击处理后,表面粗糙度增加至(3.798±0.46)μm,同时在表层形成深度约为5μm、平均晶粒尺寸为100nm的纳米级晶粒,形成梯度结构。在基体表层引入了较大的残余压应力,最大残余应力达到–140.2MPa,表面显微硬度由(146.6±5.64)HV0.1增加至(173.8±8.87)HV0.1,经过纳米压痕测试可知,材料截面最大弹性模量为2.49GPa,极限抗拉强度、屈服强度、延伸率均增加,材料的力学性能得到提高。结论激光冲击强化处理使ZL205A铝合金表层发生塑性变形,细化了表层晶粒组织,提高了ZL205A铝合金基体的残余压应力、显微硬度、弹性模量,并有效提高了ZL205A铝合金的力学性能。

低合金钢激光淬火表面强化处理层与渗碳处理层的性能比较

[目的]高压电气机构产品的传动类零部件广泛使用20Cr Mn Mo低合金钢制造。为使该材料达到产品使用性能要求,需要进行气体渗碳、淬火、回火及驱氢处理,存在工序繁多、生产周期长、效率低,有害气体排放量高等问题。[方法]以42CrMo低合金钢为基体,进行激光淬火表面强化处理。对比了42CrMo淬硬层与20Cr MnMo渗碳层的有效深度、显微硬度、组织结构、耐磨性和冲击功。[结果]经过激光淬火表面强化处理的42CrMo钢具有略优于渗碳20CrMnMo钢的综合性能。[结论]激光淬火表面强化处理技术有望替代20CrMnMo的传统处理工艺。

In situ synthesis and hardness of TiC/Ti_5Si_3 composites on Ti-5Al-2.5Sn substrates by gas tungsten arc welding

TiC/TisSi3 composites were fabricated on Ti-5A1-2.5Sn substrates by gas tungsten arc welding （GTAW）. Identification of the phases was performed using X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The microstructures were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry （EDS） and optical microscopy （OM）. The Vickers hardness was measured with a micro-hardness tester. The TiC/TisSi3 composites were obtained in a double-layer track, and the Vickers hardness of the track increased by two to three times compared with the Ti-5A1-2.5Sn substrate.

钛合金激光表面加工研究进展

钛合金的综合性能优良、应用领域广泛,不足是表面硬度偏低、摩擦系数较大、易磨损、易形成氧化膜等,常常需要进行合适的表面处理以提高其使用性能。激光是一种新型热源,能够精确控制能量在空间与时间上的分布。利用高能量激光扫描钛合金的表面,使其表层材料发生急热、急冷温度变化,通过辅以气相、液相、固体粉末等加工介质,实现对钛合金表面形貌、成分、组织和性能的调控。首先扼要介绍了激光对钛合金表面的作用及激光表面加工工艺参数,然后分别综述了6种典型的钛合金表面激光加工技术的研究现状,并展望了钛合金表面激光加工技术的研究方向。旨在为合理选择钛合金表面加工工艺和开发新型钛合金产品提供参考。

激光表面重熔Al-17Si合金组织与耐磨性研究

对Al-17Si合金进行激光表面重熔处理,研究激光功率和扫描速度对合金组织变化和摩擦磨损性能的影响。研究结果表明,Al-17Si表面重熔层厚度随激光输出功率增大而增大,随扫描速度增大而减小;初晶Si尺寸随激光输出功率增大明显减小,随扫描速度增大略有增大;摩擦磨损系数和磨损量随激光输出功率增大而减小,随扫描速度增大而增大。当前实验条件下,激光表面重熔Al-17Si合金最佳工艺参数为输出功率250 W、扫描速度600 mm/min。

扫描速度对激光表面重熔1050铝合金显微组织和织构的影响

在400 W激光功率和不同扫描速度(2和8mm/s)下对典型商用铝合金(1050)板材进行激光重熔试验,并采用多种表征技术对激光重熔前后样品的显微组织及织构特征进行精细表征。结果表明,原材料铝合金具有典型的再结晶组织,由尺寸较均匀的近等轴晶(平均晶粒尺寸为(20.4±15.4)μm)和一些亚微米尺度的第二相颗粒共同组成。经2和8 mm/s的激光重熔加工后,样品表层均出现以柱状晶为主要组织特征(晶内存在亚微米级析出相)的重熔层,且明显较基体组织粗大。对比发现,当扫描速度从2升至8mm/s时,重熔层深度明显降低,其内部柱状晶的平均宽度也由(38.0±4.3)μm降至(33.9±2.0)μm。同时,晶内析出相也得到显著细化,而其数密度则大幅增加。激光表面重熔未改变1050铝合金的主要织构特征,即仍以{100}<001>立方织构为主,但织构强度明显增加。

激光表面重熔CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金组织及耐蚀性能研究

采用不同激光输出功率对CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金进行表面重熔处理,研究激光功率参数对合金相结构、显微组织硬度、耐磨性能以及耐腐蚀性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,经过激光重熔后合金表面明显出现重熔区、热影响区以及基体三部分,随着激光功率的提高,重熔区的深度明显增大。CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金在不同功率激光处理后,其相结构均为FCC相,未发生相变。激光表面重熔处理后,由于细晶强化和溶质截留效果提高了重熔层的硬度和耐磨性能,其中1000W重熔层的平均摩擦系数和磨损量最小,分别为0.099和1.27×10^(-3)mm^(3),耐磨性能最好。电化学腐蚀结果表明,CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金耐腐蚀性能不随激光功率的增加单一变化,激光输出功率为1000W时,重熔层的自腐蚀电位、自腐蚀电流密度分为-280mV、1.69μA/cm^(-2),耐腐蚀性能最好。

Co800基激光熔覆/重熔增强多物相复合层组织及耐磨性能

目的增强钛合金表面耐磨损性能。方法采用激光熔覆与激光重熔技术在TC4钛合金表面制备Co800–Si_(3)N_(4)–YPSZ(Y_(2)O_(3)部分稳定ZrO_(2))与Co800–Si_(3)N_(4)–YPSZ–MGOSs(单层氧化石墨烯薄片)复合层,并对熔覆层及重熔层微观组织结构、元素分布及耐磨损性能进行分析。结果细晶强化作用改善了Co800–Si_(3)N_(4)–YPSZ–MGOSs熔覆层的耐磨性。激光重熔后,在熔池快速冷却过程中产生了非晶–纳米晶相,促进了多物相重熔层形成。MGOSs受热分解释放了C,在熔池中原位生成了Ti(CN)。结论含有Ti5Si_(3)、TiN及TiC等多种硬质增强相的Co800–Si_(3)N_(4)–YPSZ–MGOSs熔覆层的摩擦因数较TC4的摩擦因数降低,其磨损体积约为TC4磨损体积的1/7。

Microstructure and microhardness of a novel TiZrAlV alloy by laser gas nitriding at different laser powers

The Ti-20Zr-6.5Al-4V(T20Z,wt%)alloy surface was treated by the process of laser surface nitriding.The evolution of microstructures and microhardness has been investigated by changing the laser power parameter from 120 to 240 W.All laser-treated T20Z samples show two regions with distinctly different microstructural features,as compared with the untreated substrate:dense TiN dendrites and(α+β)-Ti(remelting zone,RMZ),nanoscaleαlaths doped with part of p phase(heat-affected zone,HAZ).The formation of TiN dendrites can be analyzed by a series of complex reactions during the process of melting and solidification.The increase in laser power results in the increase in content of TiN dendrite which is mainly due to the increase in energy input.In HAZ,the self-quenching effect leads to the formation of nanoscale a laths and the residue ofβphase.Microhardness profile of different regions was measured from the surface to the interior,and the highest microhardness was obtained(~HV 916.8)in the RMZ,as the laser power was set to 240 W.In the present study,we explained various microstructural characteristics induced by laser surface nitriding treatment.

铝合金激光熔覆处理等离子涂层的显微组织

利用５ｋＷＣＯ２激光器，对ＡｌＳｉ合金表面的等离子涂层（ＮｉＣｒＢＳｉ）进行熔覆处理。ＳＥＭ，ＴＥＭ和Ｘ射线衍射分析结果表明，激光合金层中的组织以铝镍金属间化合物（Ａｌ３Ｎｉ，Ａｌ３Ｎｉ２，ＡｌＮｉ和ＡｌＮｉ３）为主。在激光熔化层的表面，有富铝的Ａｌ３Ｎｉ相存在；而在激光熔化层的内部，则有富镍的ＡｌＮｉ３相存在。一些非晶组织出现在激光熔化层亚表层中，使得该区域有较高的硬度（平均ＨＶ９５２），是原等离子涂层的３倍和铝合金基底的１２倍。

TiAl合金激光表面合金化涂层的组织与耐磨性

以NiCr WC混合粉末为原料 ,对TiAl合金进行激光表面合金化处理 ,制得了以γ NiCrAlTi镍基固溶体为基体 ,以TiC ,W2 C及M2 3C6为增强相的耐磨复合材料表面改性层。分析了改性层的组织 ,并测试了其在滑动摩擦试验条件下的耐磨性。实验结果表明 。

材料表面激光合金化研究进展

激光表面合金化是一种材料表面改性处理的新方法,具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了激光表面合金化的研究现状,其中包括激光表面合金化工艺制定原理及方法、合金化涂层的组织特性与性能。研究认为,采取适当的工艺参数和预热处理可以得到理想的合金化涂层,其显微组织具有典型的复合性特征;合金化涂层与基体材料呈良好的冶金结合,结合强度高,能够显著提高廉价基体材料表面的硬度、耐磨性、耐蚀性和耐腐蚀磨损等性能。同时本文指出了激光合金化当前研究存在的不足和今后努力的方向。

激光熔覆进展与熔覆合金设计

激光熔覆是现代表面改性制造技术中的一种极有发展前途的高新技术 ,围绕激光熔覆中几个关键性问题 ,评述了该项技术近年来的研究与应用现状 ,还对激光熔覆材料体系及其设计进行了讨论 。

工具钢表面激光熔覆Co基合金涂层的组织及性能

通过送粉式激光熔覆在碳素工具钢(T10钢)表面制备了Co基合金熔覆涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析其微观结构和相组成。结果表明:熔覆层中主要有γ-Co相以及其他相,包括Cr23C6、Co7W6和CrNi。从熔池与基体界面到熔覆层表面存在不同的凝固形态,依次为平面晶(在界面处)、胞状晶和树枝晶。微观组织较细的树枝晶强化了熔覆层,因而激光熔覆层的显微硬度增加,耐腐蚀性提高。