Laser test of the prototype of CEE time projection chamber

A prototype thick-GEM-based cooling storage ring external-target experiment(CEE) time projection chamber(TPC) is constructed and tested with the pulsed ultraviolet laser beams. The results indicate that the prototype TPC has a good performance in three-dimensional track resolution. In X direction the position resolution is about 0.2 mm, and in Y direction the position resolution is about 0.5 mm. The results also determine that the energy resolution is about 5.4%, which achieve the requirements of the CEE experiment and can be used to study the nuclear state equation and the quantum chromo dynamics.

Laser ultrasonic testing for near-surface defects inspection of 316L stainless steel fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

The laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)method of additive manufacturing(AM)is increasingly used in various industrial manufacturing fields due to its high material utilization and design freedom of parts.However,the parts produced by L-PBF usually contain such defects as crack and porosity because of the technological characteristics of L-PBF,which affect the quality of the product.Laser ultrasonic testing(LUT)is a potential technology for on-line testing of the L-PBF process.It is a non-contact and non-destructive approach based on signals from abundant waveforms with a wide frequency-band.In this study,a method of LUT for on-line inspection of L-PBF process was proposed,and a system of LUT was established approaching the actual environment of on-line detection to evaluate the method applicability for defects detection of L-PBF parts.The detection results of near-surface defects in L-PBF 316L stainless steel parts show that the crack-type defects with a sub-millimeter level within 0.5 mm depth can be identified,and accordingly,the positions and dimensions information can be acquired.The results were verified by X-ray computed tomography,which indicates that the present method exhibits great potential for on-line inspection of AM processes.

High laser damage threshold coatings and damage testing technology

The laser-induced damage threshold(LIDT) of optical coating is a limited factor for development of a high peak power laser. The automatic damage testing facility was built to determine the LIDT of optics at 1 064 nm and 355 nm.. The cleanning and processing procedure of the substrate and coating technique were improved, and the damage resistance of high-reflective coating at 1 064 nm was increased.

Progress on the ultrasonic testing and laser thermography techniques for NDT of tokamak plasma-facing components

During manufacturing and operation, different kinds of defects, e.g., delamination or surface cracks, may be generated in the plasma-facing components (PFCs) of a Tokamak device. To ensure the safety of the PFCs, various kinds of nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques are needed for different defect and failure mode. This paper gives a review of the recently developed ultrasonic testing (UT) and laser thermography methods for inspection of the delamination and surface cracks in PFCs. For monoblock W/Cu PFCs of divertor, the bonding quality at both W-Cu and Cu- CuCrZr interfaces was qualified by using UT with a focus probe during manufacturing. A noncontact, coupling-free and flexible ultrasonic scanning testing system with use of an electromagnetic acoustic transducer and a robotic inspection manipulator was introduced then for the in-vessel inspection of delamination defect in first wall (FW). A laser infrared thermography testing method is highlighted for the on-line inspection of delamination defect in FW through the vacuum vessel window of the Tokamak reactor. Finally, a new laser spot thermography method using laser spot array source was described for the online inspection of the surface cracks in FW.

Ultrasonic testing for laser welded joint of stainless steel

Two dimensional scan for laser welded joint of stainless steel was implemented according to the reflection characteristics of ultrasonic. B-scan imaging technique was applied to characterize the fusion state in the joint and distinguish welding detects such as incomplete penetration. Calculation of weld width at the interface of the two plates and imaging of the weld cross section were accomplished. Experimental results show that rapid nondestructive testing can be achieved by this method with threshold value of 30% attenuation degree. The calculation error is less than 0. 25 mm.

The Study of Relaxation Time in Test of 940 nm Semiconductor Laser

Conventional test of the peak wavelength of a laser used to be applied immediately after a device is injected current. However, the results can not be considered as an accurate description to temperature characteristic. This passage puts forward a concept of relaxation time in wavelength texts, mainly based on the experiment of 940 nm strain quantum well laser, confirming that under constant current, wavelength will get through a process of rising, and then, reach the limit. This process brings the effect on spectral characteristics of a device which cannot be ignored and the accumulated heat in relaxation time will gradually impact the emission wavelength of the laser, even crest split to form bimodal phenomenon.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TESTING PREOPERATIVE VISUAL FUNCTION IN CATARACT USING LASER INTERFEROMETRIC VISUAL ACUITY AND ERG

Tests of preoperative visual function and prediction of postoperative E chart visual acuity(ECVA) using laser interferometric visual acuity(LIVA) and electroretinogram(ERG) were performed in 16 cases(19 eyes) of cataract. The results showed that the coincident rate between preoperative LIVA and postoperative ECVA was 63.2%, and there was a parallel correlation between preoperative amplitude of photopic ERG b-wave and postoperative ECVA in 79.0% of the eyes. Comparing these two methods, the test of LIVA ...

Central Retinal Microperimetry by Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy in Chiasmal Patients with Visual Inattention Temporally at Monocular Visual Acuity Testing

Background: In a previous study, a specific visual behaviour was described in four chiasmal patients. It manifested as inattention/ignorance within the temporal visual space (“visual blocking”) at monocular visual acuity testing. Moreover, in 3 out of the 4, the process of reading a text appeared cognitively impaired. Methods: As a supplement to conventional visual field testing, the present analysis focus was on microperimetry by Scanning Laser Ophthalmocopy (SLO). Our aim was to identify the perceptual retinal counterparts to the temporally located visual field defects as caused by the visual pathway lesion on a chiasmal level, possibly also to indicate the apparently ineffective saccadic movements underlying that only part of the line on the chart could be given. Results and Conclusions: The central retinal areas with lacking recognition by SLO testing were given by black rectangles expressing scotomatous points;they clustered in a zone extending nasally from the fixation area, as expected. The methodology further depicted an orderly fixation in two cases, and only minor deviation in two. Fixation saccades thus were considered by and large within normal and with only exceptional outlier points recorded. All considered, the shortcomings of the perceptual mechanisms underlying the lateralised visual inattention as observed in the four patients have remained without a satisfactory explanation.

高温声学检测技术的发展、应用与挑战

以我国航空航天、钢铁冶金、特种设备等领域的高温声学无损检测技术研究与应用为主线,分析了高温声学检测技术在促进先进高温材料制备与研发、钢铁冶金行业绿色低碳生产和产业升级、高温压力管道安全运行与维护等方面的巨大需求。介绍了国内外在高温声学检测的技术方法和仪器研制等方面取得的进展,分析了压电超声、电磁超声、激光超声、激光电磁超声等技术在高温无损检测应用方面存在的优缺点和应用场景,总结了高温声学检测技术面临的机遇与挑战。

煤粉火焰着火燃烧特性与光学诊断测试

经过上百年的煤燃烧研究为煤炭的工业应用奠定了坚实的基础,但是煤燃烧的内部稳定性、着火的机制的转变以及污染物的生成依然没有明确的理论指导,光学测量技术的发展为研究燃烧机理提供了合适可靠的工具,燃烧诊断在全球的学术界研究成为热点。本文综述了煤粉燃烧的激光诊断研究特性:着火、燃烧稳定性、挥发分燃烧等,并分析国内外的研究现状。

TC4钛合金样品硬度对激光诱导等离子体温度的影响研究

钛合金具有密度小、强度高、耐腐蚀等优良特性,目前已被广泛应用于压气机盘和叶片制造等航空制造领域。然而,钛合金材料的硬度较低,在服役过程中极易出现摩擦损耗等问题,从而降低部件的使用寿命。因此,原位、实时的硬度监测对钛合金部件在使用过程中的性能评估具有重要意义。本工作利用激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)对TC4钛合金样品热处理后的不同硬度进行了表征。实验结果发现,随着样品硬度增大,材料的激光诱导等离子体温度呈上升趋势,表明激光诱导等离子体温度可以作为金属硬度的重要表征参数。研究还进一步探究了材料硬度变化对等离子体温度影响的内在机理。

选区激光熔化AlSi10Mg蜂窝夹层管制备及其力学性能研究

目的研究SLM工艺参数对蜂窝夹层管残余应力、变形以及力学性能的影响。方法采用正交试验法研究了不同工艺参数对选区激光熔化成形零件残余应力和变形的影响。通过有限元模拟的方法,仿真AlSi10Mg蜂窝夹层管的3D打印过程,得到成形管件的残余应力分布及变形程度。制备蜂窝夹层管3D打印试样,将实心管作为对照组,对比测试管件在轴向压缩、径向压缩及三点弯曲条件下的力学性能。结果激光功率对残余应力和变形的影响最大。采用最优参数组合打印的管件微观形貌中不同熔池之间呈现出相互交错的结构,致密度达99.78%。轴向压缩中实心管的承载极限为497 MPa,蜂窝夹层管的最大承载极限为390 MPa。在径向压缩条件下,蜂窝夹层管承载能力是实心管的86.62%。在三点弯曲试验中蜂窝夹层管出现2次波峰,承载极限为52 MPa,与实心管的承载极限非常接近。结论确定最优参数组合为:激光功率200 W、扫描速度1200 mm/s、扫描间距100μm,蜂窝隔板厚度0.6 mm、蜂窝孔对边距离5 mm。相同尺寸的蜂窝夹层管相较于实心管质量可以降低22.68%,其力学性能降低并不明显。

相干测风激光雷达回波偏振态对径向风速精度影响

为了解决大气退偏效应造成激光回波与本振光偏振失配,导致相干测风激光雷达(LiDAR)外差效率降低的问题,基于相干多普勒激光测风雷达的系统组成和工作原理,采用数学建模法,仿真分析了回波偏振态对系统信噪比、探测距离和径向风速误差的影响;提出了偏振态修正途径,并利用琼斯矩阵建模讨论修正精度;用径向风速比对实验验证不同回波偏振态对径向风速精度的影响。结果表明,对于同一测试系统,在相同的天气条件下,与回波为圆偏振态相比,回波为椭圆偏振态时的最大探测距离下降46.7%,径向风速精度下降63%。此研究为相干多普勒测风激光雷达回波接收模块的优化提供了理论支撑。

机载激光武器试验评估技术研究

由于毁伤机理和使用方法的不同,现有机载武器和传感器的试验方法不适用于机载激光武器。为研究其特殊的试验与评估技术,从国外典型机载激光武器的试验情况着手,分析了主要的试验阶段、试验内容、试验类别、管理特点等,对气动光学特性、出光特性、目标探测识别跟踪、光束控制和杀伤性试验等主要科目的内容、方法进行研究。研究表明,美国为了避免试验技术落后研制技术,采取了多计划安排一体推进、大力构建试验机、建设试验设施和循序渐进开展试验等管理措施促进相关的研究。建议加强试验技术的投入,适时建设体系化试验机,加强测试和靶标等领域的研究,以期为新质武器的成熟和应用提供帮助。

基于激光视觉传感器的机械零件形貌检测方法

形貌检测一直机械零件加工的关键技术,当前机械零件形貌检测方法存在许多不足,形貌检测误差,耗时比较长,为了获得更加理想的机械零件形貌检测结果,设计了基于激光视觉传感器的机械零件形貌检测方法。首先研究机械零件形貌检测的研究现状,找到引起机械零件形貌检测效果差的原因,然后引入激光视觉传感器对机械零件图进行采集,并对原始图像进行去噪、均衡化处理,提取机械零件形貌检测特征,最后根据特征进行机械零件形貌检测,并进行了机械零件形貌检测仿真测试,结果表明,本方法对零件1的检测误差为3μm,对零件2的检测误差为5μm;对零件1的检测时间为7 ms,对零件2的检测时间为6.5 ms;有效减少了机械零件形貌检测误差,提高了机械零件形貌检测精度,具有更高的实际应用价值。

弱刚性齿轮传动测试台的研制与试验

为了对齿轮传动系统进行更加深入、细致的研究,根据弱刚性齿轮传动轴的振动特点,提出将高精度激光位移传感器用于传动轴的振动测量,研制了一台用于测试弱刚性齿轮传动系统的齿轮测试台,针对弱刚性齿轮传动开展了不同工况条件下振动测试研究。根据弱刚性齿轮传动临界转速较低的特性,对由齿轮和轴组成的转子进行模态分析,得到转子的固有频率,计算了可能引发转子共振的电动机转速;并通过恒载变速试验与恒速变载试验进行了验证。结果表明,该系统在电动机转速为219.69 r/min左右时会到达转子的共振频率;分析数据发现,轴的振动幅值在一定范围内对载荷的响应成线性关系而受转速的影响并不显著。最后,对测试台进行重复性试验,验证了该设备的可靠性与稳定性。

Estimation of pulsed laser-induced single event transient in a partially depleted silicon-on-insulator 0.18-μm MOSFET

In this paper, we investigate the single event transient （SET） occurring in partially depleted silicon-on-insulator （PDSOI） metal-oxide-semiconductor （MOS） devices irradiated by pulsed laser beams. Transient signal characteristics of a 0.18-p.m single MOS device, such as SET pulse width, pulse maximum, and collected charge, are measured and an- alyzed at wafer level. We analyze in detail the influences of supply voltage and pulse energy on the SET characteristics of the device under test （DUT）. The dependences of SET characteristics on drain-induced barrier lowering （DIBL） and the parasitic bipolar junction transistor （PBJT） are also discussed. These results provide a guide for radiation-hardened deep sub-micrometer PDSOI technology for space electronics applications.

激光散射特性的红外瞄准镜基线检测方法

为提升武器射击精度,设计激光散射特性的红外瞄准镜基线检测方法。通过固定瞄准镜并利用黑体发射红外激光,在镜子反射后形成红外平行光束,并在瞄准镜视场内生成靶标的像。通过调整瞄准镜分划中心与靶标像中心重合,实现基线检测。采用双向反射分布函数和基尔霍夫近似理论的驻留相位近似法,分析红外激光的散射特性及波长与散射角对成像精度的影响,从而提高基线检测的精度。实验证明:当入射波长在9.5μm左右时,射击目标粗糙度为8μm时,双站极化散射系数最低,在1.0左右;当散射角在29°左右时,射击目标粗糙度为8μm时,双站极化散射系数最低在0.146左右;校正后目标位置偏差平均为0.01 m。

BGA焊点缺陷的全光学激光超声检测技术

激光超声检测技术凭借其检测精度高、响应速度快、非接触、无损伤等优点,在无损检测与材料性能评估领域具有重要地位。光学麦克风作为一种新型的全光学激光超声探测器,具有全光学、带宽范围广、灵敏度高等优势,已得到学者广泛关注。文中采用光学麦克风探测器对球状引脚栅格阵列封装(Ball Grid Array, BGA)焊点与模拟缺陷开展了激光超声检测的初步理论、仿真及试验研究。首先对脉冲激光作用于材料表面激发出超声波的过程进行理论分析,并利用有限元方法建立了BGA焊点的热力耦合仿真模型,研究了模拟焊点内部超声波的传播规律与缺陷对超声波传播的影响。最后利用全光学激光超声检测系统对具有模拟缺陷的BGA封装电路板样件进行检测试验研究,并通过Lanczos去噪算法对结果进行处理。结果表明:利用波长为532 nm,单脉冲能量为2.66 mJ的脉冲激光能够实现直径5.5 mm焊点及缺陷的检测。

基于激光测振技术的铣床电主轴振动特性研究

采用激光测振技术获取了机床不同转速下的振动信号,并分析研究了其振动特性。使用激光测振仪采集机床电主轴的振动速度信号,避免了传统传感器带来的附加质量问题,提高了测量的准确性。完成电主轴在不同位置测点和不同转速运转状态下的振动信号采集实验,对采集到的原始振动速度信号和原始振动速度信号,经积分得到的振动位移信号,并进行时域分析。结果表明:在所测转速范围内机床电主轴的振动位移平均幅值稳定在1μm范围内;在所测转速范围内,随着转速的增加,电主轴各个测点的振动烈度是先缓慢增加再减小再快速增加的趋势,在14 000 r/min振动烈度局部最小,该结果可指导实际加工过程中的加工参数选择;电主轴上测点轴向方向位置距离主轴端部越近,振动烈度越大,检测主轴振动状况是否异常时应选取靠近主轴端部的测点来代表电主轴的振动状况。