Effect of Heat Sink and Cooling Mediums on Ferrite Austenite Ratio and Distortion in Laser Welding of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205

In order to control the ferrite and austenite percentage in duplex stainless steel welding, many researchers try to change the laser welding parameters and cooling medium, but ignore to study the influence of heat sink effect on weld strength. In this work, the effect of aluminium heat sink and varying cooling medium on the laser welding of duplex stainless steel (DSS) 2205 is studied. The 2 mm thick DSS sheets welded with pulsed Nd: YAG laser welding machine by varying the cooling medium (air and oil) and an aluminium plate used as a heat sink. The welded specimens tested for tensile strength, micro-hardness, distortion, microstructure and radiography analysis. The faster cooling rate in the oil quenching process enhances the ferrite percentage compared with air-cooled samples. But the faster cooling rate in oil quenching leads to more distortion and using aluminium as a heat sink influenced positively the distortion to a small extent. The lower cooling rate in air quenching leads to a higher tensile strength of the welded specimen. The objective of this work is to analyse experimentally the effect of cooling medium and heat sink in the mechanical and metallurgical properties of laser welded duplex stainless steel.

Application of Nd:YAG Laser Welding to Implantable Neuro-Stimulator

It is difficult to weld the material and structure of implantable neuro-stimulator such as pure medical titanium and irregular outside shield by conventional arc welding methods.Currently there are few reports on the neuro stimulator sealing technology,and none of them have simultaneously considered the quality control methods.In order to develop the sealing procedure and quality control methods,an investigation of applying Nd：YAG laser welding to implantable neuro-stimulator components is carried out.Firstly,the automatic Nd：YAG laser welding system equipped with proper fixture configuration is introduced.A special fixture structure is illustrated and the key point for the device is to reduce the fit-up gap between the two shields.Then,a novel welding process technique is proposed to satisfy the engineering requirements.The optimized process parameters for titanium shell,feedthrough and fastener are provided and concluded by an orthogonal experiment.Finally,different quality control measures such as visual inspection,X-ray detecting and leakage testing,are presented on the final products.The results show that the Nd：YAG laser welding applied on the implanted neuro-stimulator under optimized parameters can prevent welding defects and improve the weld joints quality.Combination of various quality control methods will guarantee the sealing performance and mechanical properties of the products.It is confirmed that the processing procedure and quality methods can not only resolve the process technology on welding ultra-thin structure of medical device,but also provide the reference for other implantable device.

Ultrasonic testing for laser welded joint of stainless steel

Two dimensional scan for laser welded joint of stainless steel was implemented according to the reflection characteristics of ultrasonic. B-scan imaging technique was applied to characterize the fusion state in the joint and distinguish welding detects such as incomplete penetration. Calculation of weld width at the interface of the two plates and imaging of the weld cross section were accomplished. Experimental results show that rapid nondestructive testing can be achieved by this method with threshold value of 30% attenuation degree. The calculation error is less than 0. 25 mm.

Mechanical properties and stress corrosion cracking behaviour of AZ31 magnesium alloy laser weldments

An AZ31 HP magnesium alloy was laser beam welded in autogenous mode with AZ61 filler using Nd-YAG laser system.Microstructural examination revealed that the laser beam weld metals obtained with or without filler material had an average grain size of about 12 μm.The microhardness and the tensile strength of the weldments were similar to those of the parent alloy.However,the stress corrosion cracking （SCC） behaviour of both the weldments assessed by slow strain rate tensile （SSRT） tests in ASTM D1384 solution was found to be slightly inferior to that of the parent alloy.It was observed that the stress corrosion cracks originated in the weld metal and propagated through the weld metal-HAZ regions in the autogenous weldment.On the other hand,in the weldment obtained with AZ61 filler material,the crack initiation and propagation was in the HAZ region.The localized damage of the magnesium hydroxide/oxide film formed on the surface of the specimens due to the exposure to the corrosive environment during the SSRT tests was found to be responsible for the SCC.

不锈钢激光焊接头超声导波检测与质量评价技术

半熔透型搭接激光焊工艺质量控制难度大,如何有效保证板层间的熔合宽度是开发和应用半熔透型搭接激光焊技术的关键。为此,开展薄板焊接接头超声导波检测方法研究,研发接头内部熔合宽度检测与评估系统,通过对超声导波信号时、频域特征分析,确定能够表现接头内部熔合状态的信号特征值,并以此建立能够有效区分不同焊接质量的评价模型,从而实现不锈钢半熔透型搭接激光焊接头内部熔宽的在线检测。研究结果表明,以超声导波时域信号上最大归一化幅值、频域上第一波峰和第二波峰的峰值为输入信息,采用BP神经网络算法进行分类预测,能够有效识别未熔合、熔合宽度不足、熔合宽度合格等连接状态,预测准确率可达94.4%。

2219铝合金TIG焊缝激光冲击强化与腐蚀性能研究

目的 改善2219铝合金钨极氩弧焊焊缝的耐腐蚀性能。方法 采用激光冲击技术对焊缝进行强化处理,比较分析处理前后的表面残余应力、物相组成和元素状态,通过静态浸泡失重法和电化学试验测量腐蚀速率的变化。结果 经过激光冲击强化处理后,2219铝合金焊缝部位的元素状态没有改变,但焊缝区域的残余拉应力变为残余压应力。2219铝合金钨极氩弧焊接区域的自腐蚀电位明显下降,相比未经激光冲击处理的试件,焊核区和焊接过渡区的平均腐蚀电流分别减小了14%和12.7%,腐蚀速率分别减小了16.9%和12.9%。结论 激光冲击强化可以有效提升2219铝合金钨极氩弧焊焊缝区域的耐腐蚀性能,可以为提升特种装备安全性和轻量化提供技术参考。

Bending Properties and Fracture Behavior of Ti-23Al-17Nb Alloy Laser Beam Welding Joints

Ti-23Al-17Nb alloy is an important high temperature structural material used in the space and aerospace fields. Welding of this alloy is an indispensable processing method, so the microstructures and mechanical properties of these welded joints must be studied to improve the welds. Longitudinal three-point bending tests were conducted to measure the bending ductility of laser beam welded joints. The crack distribution and fracture surface were investigated to further analyze the fracture behavior. The results indicate that the bending ductility decreases as the heat input by the laser beam welding increases. The crack inducing strain reaches 4.24%, while the fracturing strain exceeds 5% when the heat input is below 316 J/cm. If the columnar crystal grain of the weld metal exhibits a uniform orientation, the bending ductility is worse. The fractography analysis shows that the cracking propagates transgranularly and the fracture surface has a cleavage mode.

A105锻钢球阀激光深熔焊接工艺优化及组织性能研究

采用正交试验对5 mm厚A105锻钢管件激光深熔焊接工艺参数进行优化,确定了各工艺参数对各响应量的影响程度及最优焊接工艺,对该最优工艺参数下焊接接头组织和力学特性进行研究。结果表明:在激光功率2.0 kW,焊接速度7 mm/s,离焦量-1 mm,保护气体流量20 L/min焊接参数条件下焊接效果最好,可以实现5 mm厚A105锻钢的高速稳定激光对接自熔焊接,焊接接头成形良好;激光功率对各响应量的影响最大,熔深和抗拉强度随激光功率的增大而增加;焊缝区域(WZ)晶粒尺寸较小,焊缝金属主要由板条状马氏体构成,其硬度高于母材(BM);热影响区(HAZ)较窄,出现粗细晶粒分层现象;焊接接头硬度分布不均匀,在焊缝熔合区(FZ)有着最高硬度408.8 HV;焊缝的强度优于母材。

高速列车底板型材激光-熔化极惰性气体保护复合焊接试验

进行高速列车铝合金底板型材激光-熔化极惰性气体保护复合焊接试验,对焊接接头的硬度、形貌、力学性能、显微组织进行分析。结果表明,焊接接头内部熔合良好,无气孔缺陷,焊缝形状狭长,呈上宽下窄形貌。焊接接头平均抗拉强度为230 MPa,达到母材强度的73.5%,拉伸断裂于热影响区。焊缝和热影响区软化区是焊接接头的薄弱部位。受激光焊接作用,焊缝组织为等轴晶和柱状晶,组织分布均匀且细小。

激光焊接金刚石锯片的研究现状

从激光焊接金刚石锯片的焊接过渡层材料成分、焊接工艺和焊接产品检测3个方面对该方法的国内外现状进行了综述。选作刀头过渡层材料成分的元素包括单元素(如Co,N i)、双元素(如FeCo,FeN i,CoN i,FeCu)和3元素(如FeCoN i,FeCoCu)3种。结果表明,含钴元素的过渡层激光焊接性能优异;金刚石锯片的激光焊接工艺较为成熟;目前需要100%检测激光焊接锯片的强度;对激光焊接过程的机理和数值模型研究、过渡层预合金粉末以及在线质量检测技术研究不够。因此今后的研究重点应该围绕这些问题展开。

拼焊板焊接工艺及其对拼焊板塑性变形影响的试验研究

通过拼焊板试件拉伸试验对拼焊板的塑性变形性能进行了分析研究 ,讨论了拼焊板的几种实用焊接技术 ,给出了拼焊板的机械性能参数 ,比较了焊缝处于拉伸试样不同位置时拼焊板与母材的拉伸试验结果 .分析了焊缝分布对拼焊板塑性变形性能的影响 ,以及如何优化焊缝位置以提高拼焊板的整体塑性变形能力 .

工业纯钛光纤激光-MIG复合焊接工艺及性能

采用光纤激光与熔化极惰性气体保护电弧焊(MIG焊)复合焊接工业纯钛,分别对激光焊、MIG焊和复合焊接头的焊缝表面成形、横断面进行了观察,并进行了激光焊和复合焊接头的拉伸试验及杯突试验.结果表明,复合焊的电弧稳定性比MIG焊显著提高,焊接速度可提高7倍;复合焊与激光焊接头的抗拉强度高于母材;复合焊接头的杯突值优于激光焊接头的杯突值,这是因为复合焊焊缝的微观组织有利于接头的塑性.因此,采用光纤激光-MIG电弧复合焊接方法很好地实现了工业纯钛的高速焊接,焊缝成形良好,接头的塑性优于单一激光焊的塑性.

激光入射角度对车身用镀锌板焊接性能的影响

为了研究激光入射角变化对车身用镀锌板的焊接性能的影响,首先采用正交试验,通过对焊接件外观形貌分析和进行拉剪试验,得出了激光垂直入射时较理想的焊接参量,然后在该理想参量下进行了不同入射角度下的镀锌板焊接试验,分析了入射角改变对焊接件外观形貌、焊缝截面、焊缝板间连接宽度以及所承受的拉剪载荷的影响。结果表明,激光入射角小于30°时焊缝外观形貌良好,能承受较大的拉剪载荷且拉剪试验均断裂在母材区;焊缝板间连接宽度对抗拉剪载荷有重要影响;板间间隙微小变化对临界入射角值有较大的影响。

无损检测技术在焊接裂纹检测中的应用

介绍了磁粉检测、渗透检测、涡流检测、射线检测和超声波检测技术在焊接裂纹检测中的应用状况。对红外热成像检测、激光全息检测和微波检测新技术在焊接裂纹检测中的应用进行了展望。

激光焊接烤瓷合金试件抗应力腐蚀的实验研究

目的 :探讨激光焊接的非贵金属烤瓷合金的抗应力腐蚀性能。方法 :激光焊接 10对CW PA试件 ,随机取 5对作对照 ,不做任何处理 ,另 5对试件在 37℃人工唾液中承受 2 6 1 44MPa应力加载 ,做应力腐蚀实验 ,3月后观察表面显微裂纹 ,测试抗拉强度。结果 :激光焊接组抗拉强度 5 0 2 48± 12 49MPa ,对照组为 44 6 0 5± 82 5 0MPa ,差异无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;两组试件表面均无显微裂纹。结论 :激光焊接的烤瓷合金具有良好的抗应力腐蚀性能。

HSA340高强度钢激光拼焊板焊缝组织与拉伸性能分析

选取1.5mm和2.0mm厚度的HSA340高强度钢进行激光拼焊,焊后对焊接接头进行金相检验及微观硬度测试,分析了焊缝、母材及热影响区的组织特性;对焊后试样进行拉伸试验,分析了高强度钢激光拼焊板的单拉特性,并结合拼焊板的微观组织,详细阐述了拉伸性能和焊接组织的关系。结果表明,拼焊板焊接热影响区的微观特性,决定了该区域具有良好的力学性能;提高焊缝中的针状铁素体含量,可提高试件拉伸性能;焊缝中马氏体的存在,提高了焊缝抗拉强度与硬度。

激光焊接中的等离子体变化规律及气孔缺陷快速测试方法--检测信号整体分析方法

文中通过对激光焊接过程中等离子体面积信号线性轨迹和其整体分布情况的研究,发现其整体信号的分布特征与实际激光焊接条件密切相关.并由此提出了一种针对激光等离子体面积信号的整体分析方法,建立了激光等离子体面积信号整体分布特征模型.结果表明,该方法可有效去除激光等离子体信号中的随机干扰信号及信号波动对检测数据分析产生的不利影响,具有较好的可重复性及易识别特点,能够对激光焊接等离子体形态变化特征进行快速、准确的识别.

DC04薄钢板的脉冲激光焊接工艺研究

采用正交试验优化和金相组织分析以及力学性能测定,对厚度1.0mm的DC04薄钢板进行脉冲激光焊接工艺研究。试验结果表明,焊接过程中脉冲频率是影响焊缝表面形貌的最大因素。获得最佳工艺参数组合是焊接电压260V、脉冲频率20Hz、脉冲宽度12ms和焊接速度275mm/min。焊缝中心区域显微硬度最高,焊接接头的抗拉强度略高于母材。焊缝中心区组织主要为铁素体和少量粒状贝氏体,热影响区组织主要为垂直于焊缝方向的较为粗大的铁素体。

超薄铜片激光点焊工艺研究

为了能用波长为1.064μm的Nd:YAG激光器对高反射率的超薄T2紫铜进行激光焊接,通过设计激光脉冲波形中的各个参量,并在纯氮保护、离焦量为+2mm、焊接速率为1.5mm/s的条件下,应用正交试验方法研究了脉冲峰值电流、脉冲峰值时间、脉冲频率的变化对焊接试件可承受的最大剪切应力的影响。通过实验研究,得出了脉冲峰值电流、脉冲峰值时间、脉冲频率对最大剪切应力的影响规律;并观察了焊缝表面及其显微组织。结果表明,通过设计激光脉冲波形等工艺参量,采用波长为1.064μm的Nd:YAG激光器可以对高反射率的超薄紫铜进行很好的点焊。

激光冲击波对X80管线钢焊接接头疲劳性能的影响

利用激光冲击波对X80管线钢焊接接头进行了表面强化处理,通过拉伸疲劳对比试验,采用罗卡提法求出激光冲击强化处理前后X80管线钢焊接接头的疲劳极限。用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪分析了激光冲击处理前后X80管线钢焊接接头断口形貌和残余应力,并对激光冲击处理提高抗疲劳断裂机理进行探讨。结果表明,激光冲击处理引入了-339 MPa的残余压应力,使X80管线钢焊接接头疲劳强度由445 MPa提高到496 MPa,提高了11.2%;原始状态的试样疲劳裂纹起始于试样表面,经激光冲击处理后焊接接头疲劳源转移至次表层,表层晶粒细化和残余压应力是主要机制,提高了X80管线钢焊接接头的疲劳性能。