S:Understanding how surface energy fluxes respond to environmental variables and how their components vary on daily and seasonal temporal scales are critical for understanding the ecological process of wetland ecosyst...S:Understanding how surface energy fluxes respond to environmental variables and how their components vary on daily and seasonal temporal scales are critical for understanding the ecological process of wetland ecosystem. In view of the fact that studies on surface energy flux over mire in China have been very limited, we have initiated a long-term latent and sensible heat flux (two main components of the surface energy balance) observation over mire in the Sanjiang Plain from June to October in 2004 with the eddy covariance technique. Results showed that the latent and sensible heat flux had large seasonal and diurnal variation during the period of measurement. Generally, latent heat flux between the mire wetland and the atmosphere reached the maximum value in June and then gradually decreased from June to October, whose daily mean fluxes were 9.83,8.00,7.33, 4.82 and 2.04 MJ/(m^2·d), respectively. By comparison, sensible heat flux changed unnoticeably with season change from June to October, which were 1.47,0.88,1.75, 1.61,1.33 MJ/(m^2·d) respectively. The diurnal variation of both latent and sensible heat flux varied noticeably within a day. After the sunrise, the latent and sensible heat flux increased and reached the maximum at noon (11:00-13:00). Then they decreased gradually and reached the minimum value during the nighttime. The patterns of temporal variation in latent and sensible heat flux were significantly controlled by environmental factors. The latent heat flux was linearly dependent on net radiation and increased with increasing vapour pressure deficit until the vapour pressure deficit surpassed 11 hPa. Wind speed effect on latent heat flux was more complicated and, in general, showed a positive correlation between them in daytime. The sensible heat flux was controlled mainly by air temperature difference between the land surface and the overlying air. However, when the temperature difference was larger than 0.3 ℃, it had no effect on the sensible heat flux. The study showed up the temporal variation of latent and sensible heat flux and how the environmental factors affected them.展开更多
本文分析了一起220 k V电力变压器低压绕组变形的潜伏性故障,为绕组变形累积效应的理论研究与故障诊断提供了方法和数据支持。首先,在对一台正常运行中的220 k V变压器做状态评价时,发现其频率响应分析及短路阻抗试验结果异常,初步判断...本文分析了一起220 k V电力变压器低压绕组变形的潜伏性故障,为绕组变形累积效应的理论研究与故障诊断提供了方法和数据支持。首先,在对一台正常运行中的220 k V变压器做状态评价时,发现其频率响应分析及短路阻抗试验结果异常,初步判断该变压器低压绕组已变形且抗短路能力下降,及时采取返厂维修措施,消除了变压器存在的潜伏性故障隐患。其次,结合该变压器低压侧断路器的历次跳闸记录及其历次色谱分析、介损试验数据,分析并得出其低压绕组变形主要是由于短路冲击的累积效应造成。最后,根据状态评价结果及故障原因分析,给出了变压器日常运行维护的注意事项及相关建议。展开更多
文摘S:Understanding how surface energy fluxes respond to environmental variables and how their components vary on daily and seasonal temporal scales are critical for understanding the ecological process of wetland ecosystem. In view of the fact that studies on surface energy flux over mire in China have been very limited, we have initiated a long-term latent and sensible heat flux (two main components of the surface energy balance) observation over mire in the Sanjiang Plain from June to October in 2004 with the eddy covariance technique. Results showed that the latent and sensible heat flux had large seasonal and diurnal variation during the period of measurement. Generally, latent heat flux between the mire wetland and the atmosphere reached the maximum value in June and then gradually decreased from June to October, whose daily mean fluxes were 9.83,8.00,7.33, 4.82 and 2.04 MJ/(m^2·d), respectively. By comparison, sensible heat flux changed unnoticeably with season change from June to October, which were 1.47,0.88,1.75, 1.61,1.33 MJ/(m^2·d) respectively. The diurnal variation of both latent and sensible heat flux varied noticeably within a day. After the sunrise, the latent and sensible heat flux increased and reached the maximum at noon (11:00-13:00). Then they decreased gradually and reached the minimum value during the nighttime. The patterns of temporal variation in latent and sensible heat flux were significantly controlled by environmental factors. The latent heat flux was linearly dependent on net radiation and increased with increasing vapour pressure deficit until the vapour pressure deficit surpassed 11 hPa. Wind speed effect on latent heat flux was more complicated and, in general, showed a positive correlation between them in daytime. The sensible heat flux was controlled mainly by air temperature difference between the land surface and the overlying air. However, when the temperature difference was larger than 0.3 ℃, it had no effect on the sensible heat flux. The study showed up the temporal variation of latent and sensible heat flux and how the environmental factors affected them.
文摘本文分析了一起220 k V电力变压器低压绕组变形的潜伏性故障,为绕组变形累积效应的理论研究与故障诊断提供了方法和数据支持。首先,在对一台正常运行中的220 k V变压器做状态评价时,发现其频率响应分析及短路阻抗试验结果异常,初步判断该变压器低压绕组已变形且抗短路能力下降,及时采取返厂维修措施,消除了变压器存在的潜伏性故障隐患。其次,结合该变压器低压侧断路器的历次跳闸记录及其历次色谱分析、介损试验数据,分析并得出其低压绕组变形主要是由于短路冲击的累积效应造成。最后,根据状态评价结果及故障原因分析,给出了变压器日常运行维护的注意事项及相关建议。
