Application of indocyanine green-enhanced near-infrared fluorescence-guided imaging in laparoscopic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for middle-low rectal cancer

BACKGROUND As one effective treatment for lateral pelvic lymph node(LPLN)metastasis(LPNM),laparoscopic LPLN dissection(LPND)is limited due to the complicated anatomy of the pelvic sidewall and various complications after surgery.With regard to improving the accuracy and completeness of LPND as well as safety,we tried an innovative method using indocyanine green(ICG)visualized with a near-infrared(NIR)camera system to guide the detection of LPLNs in patients with middle-low rectal cancer.AIM To investigate whether ICG-enhanced NIR fluorescence-guided imaging is a better technique for LPND in patients with rectal cancer.METHODS A total of 42 middle-low rectal cancer patients with clinical LPNM who underwent total mesorectal excision(TME)and LPND between October 2017 and March 2019 at our institution were assessed and divided into an ICG group and a non-ICG group.Clinical characteristics,operative outcomes,pathological outcomes,and postoperative complication information were compared and analysed between the two groups.RESULTS Compared to the non-ICG group,the ICG group had significantly lower intraoperative blood loss(55.8±37.5 mL vs 108.0±52.7 mL,P=0.003)and a significantly larger number of LPLNs harvested(11.5±5.9 vs 7.1±4.8,P=0.017).The LPLNs of two patients in the non-IVG group were residual during LPND.In addition,no significant difference was found in terms of LPND,LPNM,operative time,conversion to laparotomy,preoperative complication,or hospital stay(P>0.05).CONCLUSION ICG-enhanced NIR fluorescence-guided imaging could be a feasible and convenient technique to guide LPND because it could bring specific advantages regarding the accuracy and completeness of surgery as well as safety.

Selective lateral lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Lateral lymph node metastasis is one of the leading causes of local recurrence in patients with advanced mid or low rectal cancer.Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(NCRT)can effectively reduce the postoperative recurrence rate;thus,NCRT with total mesorectal excision(TME)is the most widely accepted standard of care for rectal cancer.The addition of lateral lymph node dissection(LLND)after NCRT remains a controversial topic.AIM To investigate the surgical outcomes of TME plus LLND,and the possible risk factors for lateral lymph node metastasis after NCRT.METHODS This retrospective study reviewed 89 consecutive patients with clinical stage II-III mid or low rectal cancer who underwent TME and LLND from June 2016 to October 2018.In the NCRT group,TME plus LLND was performed in patients with short axis(SA)of the lateral lymph node greater than 5 mm.In the non-NCRT group,TME plus LLND was performed in patients with SA of the lateral lymph node greater than 10 mm.Data regarding patient demographics,clinical workup,surgical procedure,complications,and outcomes were collected.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the possible risk factors for lateral lymph node metastasis in NCRT patients.RESULTS LLN metastasis was pathologically confirmed in 35 patients(39.3%):26(41.3%)in the NCRT group and 9(34.6%)in the non-NCRT group.The most common site of metastasis was around the obturator nerve(21/35)followed by the internal iliac artery region(12/35).In the NCRT patients,46%of patients with SA of LLN greater than 7 mm were positive.The postoperative 30-d mortality rate was 0%.Two(2.2%)patients suffered from lateral local recurrence in the 2-year follow up.Multivariate analysis showed that cT4 stage(odds ratio[OR]=5.124,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.419-18.508;P=0.013),poor differentiation type(OR=4.014,95%CI:1.038-15.520;P=0.044),and SA≥7 mm(OR=7.539,95%CI:1.487-38.214;P=0.015)were statistically significant risk factors associated with LLN metastasis.CONCLUSION NCRT is not sufficient as a stand-alone therapy to eradicate LLN metastasis in lower rectal cancer patients and surgeons should consider performing selective LLND in patients with greater LLN SA diameter,poorer histological differentiation,or advanced T stage.Selective LLND for NCRT patients can have a favorable oncological outcome.

Prophylactic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection in stage Ⅳ low rectal cancer

AIM To assess the clinical significance of prophylactic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) in stage Ⅳ low rectal cancer.METHODS We selected 71 consecutive stage Ⅳ low rectal cancer patients who underwent primary tumor resection,and enrolled 50 of these 71 patients without clinical LPLN metastasis.The patients had distant metastasis such as liver,lung,peritoneum,and paraaortic LN.Clinical LPLN metastasis was defined as LN with a maximum diameter of 10 mm or more on preoperative pelvic computed tomography scan.All patients underwent primary tumor resection,27 patients underwent total mesorectal excision(TME) with LPLND(LPLND group),and 23 patients underwent only TME(TME group).Bilateral LPLND was performed simultaneously with primary tumor resection in LPLND group.R0 resection of both primary and metastatic sites was achieved in 20 of 50 patients.We evaluated possible prognostic factors for 5-year overall survival (OS),and compared 5-year cumulative local recurrence between the LPLND and TME groups.RESULTS For OS,univariate analyses revealed no significant benefit in the LPLND compared with the TME group (28.7% vs 17.0%,P = 0.523); multivariate analysis revealed that R0 resection was an independent prognostic factor.Regarding cumulative local recurrence,the LPLND group showed no significant benefit compared with TME group (21.4% vs 14.8%,P = 0.833).CONCLUSION Prophylactic LPLND shows no oncological benefits in patients with Stage Ⅳ low rectal cancer without clinical LPLN metastasis.

Laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection in two fascial spaces for locally advanced lower rectal cancer

BACKGROUND The procedure for lateral lymph node(LLN)dissection(LLND)is complicated and can result in complications.We developed a technique for laparoscopic LLND based on two fascial spaces to simplify the procedure.AIM To clarify the anatomical basis of laparoscopic LLND in two fascial spaces and to evaluate its efficacy and safety in treating locally advanced low rectal cancer(LALRC).METHODS Cadaveric dissection was performed on 24 pelvises,and the fascial composition related to LLND was observed and described.Three dimensional-laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with LLND was performed in 20 patients with LALRC,and their clinical data were analyzed.RESULTS The cadaver study showed that the fascia propria of the rectum,urogenital fascia,vesicohypogastric fascia and parietal fascia lie side by side in a medial-lateral direction constituting the dissection plane for curative rectal cancer surgery,and the last three fasciae formed two spaces(Latzko's pararectal space and paravesical space)which were the surgical area for LLND.Laparoscopic LLND in two fascial spaces was performed successfully in all 20 patients.The median operating time,blood loss and postoperative hospitalization were 178(152-243)min,55(25-150)mL and 10(7-20)d,respectively.The median number of harvested LLNs was 8.6(6-12),and pathologically positive LLN metastasis was confirmed in 7(35.0%)cases.Postoperative complications included lower limb pain in 1 case and lymph leakage in 1 case.CONCLUSION Our preliminary surgical experience suggests that laparoscopic LLND based on fascial spaces is a feasible,effective and safe procedure for treating LALRC.

Short term outcomes of minimally invasive selective lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for low rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Pelvic recurrence after rectal cancer surgery is still a significant problem despite the introduction of total mesorectal excision and chemoradiation treatment(CRT),and one of the most common areas of recurrence is in the lateral pelvic lymph nodes.Hence,there is a possible role for lateral pelvic lymph node dissection(LPND)in rectal cancer.AIM To evaluate the short-term outcomes of patients who underwent minimally invasive LPND during rectal cancer surgery.Secondary outcomes were to evaluate for any predictive factors to determine lymph node metastases based on pre-operative scans.METHODS From October 2016 to November 2019,22 patients with stage II or III rectal cancer underwent minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery and LPND.These patients were all discussed at a multidisciplinary tumor board meeting and most of them received neoadjuvant chemoradiation prior to surgery.All patients had radiologically positive lateral pelvic lymph nodes on the initial staging scans,defined as lymph nodes larger than 7 mm in long axis measurement,or abnormal radiological morphology.LPND was only performed on the involved side.RESULTS Majority of the patients were male(18/22,81.8%),with a median age of 65 years(44-81).Eighteen patients completed neoadjuvant CRT pre-operatively.18 patients(81.8%)had unilateral LPND,with the others receiving bilateral surgery.The median number of lateral pelvic lymph nodes harvested was 10(3-22)per pelvic side wall.8 patients(36.4%)had positive metastases identified in the lymph nodes harvested.The median pre-CRT size of these positive lymph nodes was 10 mm.Median length of stay was 7.5 d(3-76),and only 2 patients failed initial removal of their urinary catheter.Complication rates were low,with only 1 lymphocele and 1 anastomotic leak.There was only 1 mortality(4.5%).There have been no recurrences so far.CONCLUSION Chemoradiation is inadequate in completely eradicating lateral wall metastasis and there are still technical limitations in accurately diagnosing metastases in these areas.A pre-CRT lymph node size of≥10 mm is suggestive of metastases.LPND may be performed safely with minimally invasive surgery.

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy as Guidance for Lateral Neck Dissection in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Introduction: The surgical management of lateral lymph nodes in differentiated thyroid carcinoma is controversies. Therefore, we analyzed whether sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) biopsy of the first draining nodes in the jugulo-carotid chain is an accurate technique to select patients with true-positive but nonpalpable lymph nodes for selective lateral node dissection. Materials and Methods: From January 2009 to December 2009, 12 patients with solitary papillary carcinoma measuring 2 cm by ultrasonography were included in this study. After the thyroid gland was exposed to avoid injuring the lateral thyroid lymphatic connection, approximately 0.2 ml of 5mg/ml indocyanine green was injected into the parenchyma of upper and lower thyroid gland. Some stained lymph nodes in the jugulo-carotid chain could be identified following the stained lymphatic duct and dissected as the SLN. After that, thyroidectomy with modified neck dissection was performed. Results: The mean tumor size was 22.1 ± 4.6 mm. Identification and biopsy of stained SLN in the ipsilateral jugulo-carotid chain was successful in all 12 cases. In 6 cases, histopathological analysis of SLNs revealed metastases of the papillary thyroid carcinoma. Among them, 2 cases had additional metastatic lymph nodes in the ipsilateral compartment. Of the 6 patients who had negative lymph node metastasis (LNM) in SLNs, all patients had negative LNM in the ipsilateral compartment. Conclusions: The method may be helpful in the detection of true-positive but nonpalpable lymph nodes and may support a decision to perform a selective lateral node dissection in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Feasibility and limitations of combined treatment for lateral pelvic lymph node metastases in rectal cancer

Colorectal cancer ranks among the most commonly diagnosed cancers globally,and is associated with a high rate of pelvic recurrence after surgery.In efforts to mitigate recurrence,pelvic lymph node dissection(PLND)is commonly advocated as an adjunct to radical surgery.Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(NACRT)is a therapeutic approach employed in managing locally advanced rectal cancer,and has been found to increase the survival rates.Chua et al have proposed a combination of NACRT with selective PLND for addressing lateral pelvic lymph node metastases in rectal cancer patients,with the aim of reducing recurrence and improving survival outcomes.Nevertheless,certain studies have indicated that the addition of PLND to NACRT and total mesorectal excision did not yield a significant reduction in local recurrence rates or improvement in survival.Consequently,meticulous patient selection and perioperative chemotherapy may prove indispensable in ensuring the efficacy of PLND.

Management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in rectal cancer:Is it time to reach an Agreement?

In this editorial,we proceed to comment on the article by Chua et al,addressing the management of metastatic lateral pelvic lymph nodes(mLLN)in stage II/III rectal cancer patients below the peritoneal reflection.The treatment of this nodal area sparks significant controversy due to the strategic differences followed by Eastern and Western physicians,albeit with a higher degree of convergence in recent years.The dissection of lateral pelvic lymph nodes without neoadjuvant therapy is a standard practice in Eastern countries.In contrast,in the West,preference leans towards opting for neoadjuvant therapy with chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy,that would cover the treatment of this area without the need to add the dissection of these nodes to the total mesorectal excision.In the presence of high-risk nodal characteristics for mLLN related to radiological imaging and lack of response to neoadjuvant therapy,the risk of lateral local recurrence increases,suggesting the appropriate selection of strategies to reduce the risk of recurrence in each patient profile.Despite the heterogeneous and retrospective nature of studies addressing this area,an international consensus is necessary to approach this clinical scenario uniformly.

Current perspectives on the management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in rectal cancer

Significant controversies exist with regards to the optimal management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes metastases(mLLN)in patients with low rectal cancer.The differing views held by Japanese and Western clinicians on the management of mLLN have been well documented.However,the adequacy of pelvic lymph node dissection(PLND)or neoadjuvant chemoradiation(NACRT)alone in addition to total mesorectal excision(TME)have recently come into question,due to the relatively high incidence of lateral local recurrences following PLND and TME,or NACRT and TME alone.Recently,a more selective approach to PLND has been suggested,involving a combination of neoadjuvant therapy,followed by PLND only to patients in whom the oncological benefit is likely to outweigh the risk of potential adverse events.A number of studies have attempted to retrospectively identify certain nodal characteristics on preoperative imaging,such as nodal size,appearance,and size reduction following neoadjuvant therapy.However,no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal criteria for a selective approach to PLND,partly due to the heterogeneity and retrospective nature of most of these studies.This review aims to provide an overview of recent evidence with regards to the diagnostic challenges,considerations for,and outcomes of the current management strategies for mLLN in rectal cancer patients.

Lateral pelvic lymph nodes for rectal cancer:A review of diagnosis and management

The current status and future prospects for diagnosis and treatment of lateral pelvic lymph node(LPLN)metastasis of rectal cancer are described in this review.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is recommended for the diagnosis of LPLN metastasis.A LPLN-positive status on MRI is a strong risk factor for metastasis,and evaluation by MRI is important for deciding treatment strategy.LPLN dissection(LPLD)has an advantage of reducing recurrence in the lateral pelvis but also has a disadvantage of complications;therefore,LPLD may not be appropriate for cases that are less likely to have LPLN metastasis.Radiation therapy(RT)and chemoradiation therapy(CRT)have limited effects in cases with suspected LPLN metastasis,but a combination of preoperative CRT and LPLD may improve the treatment outcome.Thus,RT and CRT plus selective LPLD may be a rational strategy to omit unnecessary LPLD and produce a favorable treatment outcome.

T1 rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma with bilateral enlarged lateral lymph nodes and unilateral metastasis:A case report

BACKGROUND There are a few cases of lateral lymph node(LLN)metastasis(LLNM)of T1 rectal cancer.Moreover,LLNM is easily missed,especially in patients with early-stage rectal cancer.To our knowledge,the possibility of bilateral LLNM before surgery has not been reported in previous studies.CASE SUMMARY A 36-year-old woman underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection at a local hospital owing to a clinical diagnosis of a rectal polyp.The pathology report showed a diagnosis of T1 rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma.She was considered to have bilateral LLNM after the examination at our hospital.Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision plus bilateral LLN dissection was performed and the pathological outcomes indicated unilateral LLNM.The patient received longcourse adjuvant chemoradiotherapy with no recurrence or metastasis observed during the 1-year follow-up period.CONCLUSION T1 rectal cancer could lead to LLNM and possibly,bilateral LLNM.Therefore,adequate clinical evaluation is essential for these patients.

Management of synchronous lateral pelvic nodal metastasis in rectal cancer in the era of neoadjuvant chemoradiation: A systemic review

BACKGROUND Lateral pelvic lymph node(LLN)metastasis(LLNM)occur in up to 28%of patients with low rectal tumours.While prophylactic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection(LLND)has been abandoned by most western institutions in the era of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy(CRT),the role of selective LLND in patients with enlarged LLN on pre-CRT imaging remains unclear.Some studies have shown improved survival and recurrence outcomes when LLNs show"response"to CRT.However,no management algorithm exists to differentiate treatment for"responders"vs"non-responders".AIM To determine if selective LLND in patients with enlarged LLNs results in improved survival and recurrence outcomes.METHODS A systemic search of Pub Med and Embase databases for studies reporting on patients with synchronous radiologically suspicious LLNM(s-LLNM)in rectal cancer receiving preoperative-CRT was performed.RESULTS Fifteen retrospective,single-centre studies were included.793 patients with sLLNM were evaluated:456 underwent TME while 337 underwent TME with7,LLND post-CRT.In the TME group,local recurrence(LR)rates range from 12.5%to 36%.Five-year disease free survival(DFS)was 42%to 75%.In the TME with LLND group,LR rates were 0%to 6%.Five years DFS was 41.2%to 100%.Radiological response was seen in 58%.Pathologically positive LLN was found in up to 94%of non-responders vs 0%to 20%in responders.Young age,low tumour location and radiological non-response were associated with final positive LLNM and lowered DFS.CONCLUSION LLND is associated with local control in patients with s-LLNM.It can be performed in radiological non-responders given a large majority represent true LLNM.Its role in radiological responders should be considered in selected high risk patients.

基于MRI探索用于术前预测直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移的短径截断值

目的:探讨基于侧方淋巴结(lateral pelvic lymph node, LPLN)短径预测术前进行新辅助治疗和未进行新辅助治疗的直肠癌患者LPLN转移的诊断标准。方法:回顾性收集分析自2012年01月至2019年12月中国侧方淋巴结协作组的机构数据库中行全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision, TME)+侧方淋巴结清扫术(lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis, LPLND)的临床怀疑LPLN肿大的直肠癌患者的临床病理资料。结果:共纳入446例患者,根据不同术前治疗策略,将所有患者分为新辅助治疗组和无新辅助治疗组。新辅助治疗组患者病理pCR/T1(9.0%vs 2.7%,P=0.013)和N0(41.9%vs 55.3%,P<0.001)的比例与无新辅助治疗组患者差异明显。此外,相比于无新辅助治疗组患者,新辅助治疗组患者手术时间明显延长(300.7 vs 277.4 min,P=0.018)。新辅助治疗组与无新辅助治疗组分别有40例(25.8%)和78例(26.8%)患者病理诊断为LPLN转移。髂内淋巴结是新辅助治疗组(16.1%)和无新辅助治疗组(15.8%)患者最常见的LPLN转移位置。新辅助治疗组患者平均转移LPLN短径(1.0 vs 1.4 mm,P=0.015)和无转移LPLN短径(0.6 vs 0.8 mm,P=0.005)明显短于无新辅助治疗组。无新辅助治疗组和新辅助治疗组患者分别以9 mm和7 mm作为LPLN截断值时,AUC值分别为0.817和0.745,有着较好的一致性。结论:接受新辅助治疗和未接受新辅助治疗的患者分别以7 mm和9 mm作为LPLN截断值时,有着最佳的预测LPLN转移的能力。

中国直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移诊疗专家共识(2024版)

侧方淋巴结是中低位直肠癌常见的转移部位,亦是术后局部复发的主要原因。目前国际上针对直肠癌侧方转移的诊断、治疗尚存争议。本共识在《中国直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移诊疗专家共识(2019版)》的基础上,结合国内外最新研究成果,国内42位结直肠癌研究领域的专家针对直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移的诊断、治疗策略、随诊以及复发处理4个方面进行修订,提出18条侧方淋巴结诊疗相关共识,并采用美国预防医学工作组的评价标准进行等级推荐,旨在进一步规范直肠癌侧方淋巴结转移的诊断标准及治疗策略。在本共识中未解决的相关问题,尚需进一步临床实践,并积极开展高质量的临床研究逐步探索和解决。

腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术中淋巴结清扫的争议与进展

腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术是目前直肠恶性肿瘤的主要治疗方式。淋巴结的清扫是决定手术根治性的重要因素。淋巴结清扫范围以及淋巴结的清扫方式是手术的关键。本文结合国内外指南、文献以及刁德昌教授团队的实践经验,对腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术中淋巴结清扫的争议与进展进行论述。为临床直肠癌淋巴结清扫选择提供参考,以更好地平衡肿瘤治疗效果和患者功能保护。

甲状腺上极乳头状癌侧颈区淋巴结转移的危险因素

目的 探讨甲状腺上极乳头状癌患者侧颈区淋巴结转移的相关危险因素,对于术前未发现侧颈区转移但存在危险因素的甲状腺上极乳头状癌患者,为其在术中进行侧颈区淋巴结转移的评估提供理论依据。方法 回顾性分析甲状腺上极乳头状癌194例患者的临床资料,单因素和多因素分析侧颈区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结果 单因素分析显示,肿瘤Braf基因、中央区淋巴结转移数目、纵横比、内部回声、内部钙化、血流信号、肿瘤大小、被膜被侵犯与甲状腺上极乳头状癌侧颈区淋巴结转移有关,P<0.05;多因素分析显示,中央区淋巴结转移数目>3、肿瘤大小为11~20 mm、纵横比>1、内部钙化、内部回声不均匀为侧颈区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论 甲状腺上极乳头状癌患者中央区淋巴结转移数目、纵横比、内部钙化、内部回声、肿瘤大小是侧颈区淋巴结转移独立危险因素,对于术前未发现侧颈区转移但存在危险因素的甲状腺上极乳头状癌患者,在术中可积极进行侧颈区淋巴结转移的评估,必要时可行术中侧颈区淋巴结快速病理检查。

中低位直肠癌腹腔镜与开放全系膜切除合并侧方淋巴结清扫围手术期临床分析

目的比较中低位直肠癌患者在腹腔镜与开放全直肠系膜切除术(TME)基础上行侧方淋巴结清扫的围手术期临床结果,以探讨腹腔镜盆腔淋巴结清扫术的可行性及安全性。方法对浙江省肿瘤医院同期16例腹腔镜及55例开放侧方淋巴结清扫术患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,比较了两组间围手术期手术时间、术中出血量、侧方淋巴结清扫数目、术后并发症及术后住院时间。结果腹腔镜组与开放组患者基础临床特征相似。两组患者均无围手术期死亡。腹腔镜组患者无中转开腹手术。腹腔镜组比开放组手术时间显著延长(218.6±71.6 min vs.181.3±57.9 min,P=0.035)、术中出血量显著减少(190.6±80.1 ml vs.344.9±295.2 ml,P=0.044)。腹腔镜组与开放组清扫的侧方淋巴结数目(9.8±6.1枚vs.11.0±9.7枚,P=0.642)、侧方淋巴结转移阳性率(25.0%vs.34.5%,P=0.556)、术后并发症发生率(25.0%vs.20.0%,P=0.666)、术后住院时间(10.9±3.5天vs.13.8±7.1天,P=0.125)差异均无统计学意义。侧方淋巴结转移与肿瘤低分化(P=0.001)、阳性脉管瘤栓(P=0.011)和神经侵犯(P=0.002)相关,但与术前是否行放化疗(P=0.479)及肿瘤大小(P=0.907)无关。结论腹腔镜直肠癌全系膜切除术基础上的侧方淋巴结清扫是安全可行的,并能达到和传统开放手术同样的围手术期临床效果。

达芬奇机器人手术系统在直肠癌根治术侧方淋巴结清扫中的应用

目的观察达芬奇机器人手术系统在直肠癌根治术侧方淋巴结清扫中的应用效果。方法 40例直肠癌患者,根据侧方淋巴结情况分为MRI阳性(淋巴结长径≥5 mm)组17例、MRI阴性(淋巴结长径<5 mm)组23例。两组均行达芬奇机器人手术系统辅助侧方淋巴结清扫直肠癌根治术(Dixon),观察并记录两组清扫侧方淋巴结区域时间、清扫淋巴结数、侧方淋巴结转移数量、侧方淋巴结转移患者数,记录两组术后住院时间及术后排尿障碍和淋巴漏等并发症发生情况。结果 40例患者均成功完成手术,侧方淋巴结清扫时间59.88 min,清扫侧方淋巴结267枚,其中转移淋巴结15枚,淋巴结总转移率5.61%,7例患者存在侧方淋巴结转移;平均住院时间7.73天,术后分别有2例患者发生淋巴漏、3例患者发生排尿障碍。与MRI阳性组比较、MRI阴性组侧方淋巴结转移率、患者淋巴结转移率降低(P均<0.05),两组间侧方淋巴结清扫时间、清扫侧方淋巴结数、手术时间、术后淋巴漏及排尿障碍发生情况间比较差异无统计学意义。结论达芬奇机器人手术系统对于直肠癌侧方淋巴结清扫安全、便捷、可操作性强。MRI检查中侧方位淋巴结长径≥5 mm的直肠癌患者应行侧方淋巴结清扫。

颈部低位领式切口行甲状腺癌择区性颈清扫的临床应用

目的:总结颈部低位领式切口行甲状腺癌择区性颈清扫的临床应用。方法:搜集2009年1月至2014年9月在我科行低位领式切口下甲状腺全叶切除术加择区性颈淋巴结清扫术的160例甲状腺乳头状癌患者及同期在"L"形切口下行甲状腺癌功能性颈淋巴结清扫术的42例甲状腺乳头状癌患者,回顾性分析其临床病理资料。结果:202例患者中央区淋巴结转移率为71.3%,颈侧区淋巴结转移率为54.5%,跳跃性转移率为5.94%。与传统的"L"形切口功能性颈淋巴结清扫术相比,采用颈部低位领式切口行择区性淋巴结清扫术具有切口小、手术时间短、颈部感觉障碍发生率低、美观度高等特点,但总的住院日、术后常见并发症的发生率、清扫的淋巴结个数及复发率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。颈侧区淋巴结转移与患者的性别、年龄、中央区淋巴结状况、被膜侵犯、肿块最大直径、病灶单发或多发相关(P<0.05)。结论:对于临床怀疑或影像学提示颈侧区淋巴结转移的,尤其是对于年龄小于45岁的男性、B超肿块最大径大于2 cm的多发灶、术中探查发现包膜受侵犯的c N0甲状腺乳头状癌患者,建议在清扫中央区淋巴结的基础上加行颈侧区淋巴结清扫。选择低位领式切口在肿瘤根治的基础上兼顾了功能外观,尤其是在无广泛淋巴结转移(Ⅱb、Ⅴa区转移)的情况下是一种安全而合理的术式。

cN0期分化型甲状腺癌行中央区淋巴结清扫及预防性侧颈淋巴结清扫的价值

目的:探讨cN0期(颈淋巴结阴性)甲状腺癌患者同时行中央区淋巴结清扫及预防性侧颈淋巴结清扫的价值。方法:总结56例分化型甲状腺癌患者的病例资料,特别是手术方法、中央区淋巴结是否转移与侧颈淋巴结转移的关系、原发灶大小与中央区淋巴结转移关系及随访等情况,比较无行预防性侧颈淋巴结清扫(A组)与有行预防性侧颈淋巴结清扫(B组)患者的疗效。结果:56例患者中17例中央区淋巴结转移阳性(A组7例,B组10例),其中11例有侧颈淋巴结转移(A组3例,B组8例),转移率为65%(11/17);39例中央区淋巴结转移阴性,其中6例有侧颈淋巴结转移(A组4例,B组2例),转移率为16%(6/39)。中央区淋巴结转移阳性与阴性的转移率比较差异具统计学意义,P<0.01。56例中47例原发病灶最大径小于或等于4 cm,中央区淋巴结转移阳性11例(23%);9例原发病灶最大径超过4 cm,6例(6/9)中央区淋巴结转移阳性,两者转移率比较差异具统计学意义,P<0.05。A组7例(23%)复发,B组3例(12%)复发,两组复发率比较差异具统计学意义,P<0.05。结论:对cN0期甲状腺癌患者行中央区淋巴结清扫十分必要。术中应常规将中央区淋巴组织送检,有转移阳性者应行预防性侧颈淋巴结清扫。