The two-echelon inventory system considered in this work is based on one single supplier, multiple distribution centers, and multiple retailers. In each echelon safety inventory is centralized stored in several centra...The two-echelon inventory system considered in this work is based on one single supplier, multiple distribution centers, and multiple retailers. In each echelon safety inventory is centralized stored in several centralized storage centers and lateral transshipment of safety stock is permitted between centralized storage site and non-centralized storage sites. The inventory positioning and location decision model developed focuses on safety stock cost, lateral transshipment cost, transportation cost, construction cost and shortage cost in multi-echelon supply chain. Numerical experiments show that: no matter whether in the echelon of distribution centers or retailers the factors which affect the selection from one single centralized storage center or multiple centralized storage centers are distance between distribution centers or retailers, unit transshipment cost and unit inventory carrying cost.展开更多
Transshipment is an effective method for reducing mismatches between supply and demand among retailers.Consumers attempting to purchase out-of-stock items may wait for transshipment,purchase at another store,or choose...Transshipment is an effective method for reducing mismatches between supply and demand among retailers.Consumers attempting to purchase out-of-stock items may wait for transshipment,purchase at another store,or choose not to buy.In this paper,the consumer behavioral heterogeneity is characterized using the transshipment request rate and consumer switching rate.It affects the replenishment and transshipment decisions,as well as the system profits.The inventory replenishment and transshipment decisions are studied in both centralized and decentralized two-location inventory systems with consumer behavioral heterogeneity.We characterize optimal replenishment decisions in a centralized system,prove the existence of a unique Nash equilibrium in a decentralized system with a specific demand distribution,and determine the coordinating transshipment price for some decentralized systems.In numerical studies,the performance of various systems is analyzed for consumers with identical(symmetric)or differing(asymmetric)behavior between retailers.For scenarios with symmetric consumers,a higher transshipment request rate and consumer switching rate resulted in increased total profit in all systems.For scenarios with asymmetric consumers,the retailer with the higher consumer switching rate should reduce ordering in a centralized system but increase ordering in a decentralized system.Moreover,the retailer with the higher transshipment request rate reduces ordering to increase profit,whereas the other retailer increases order quantity yet earns less profit.展开更多
基金supported by the Philosophy and Social Science Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.GD16XGL15)the Key Scientific Research Projects of the Education Department of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2017GWTSCX032)
文摘The two-echelon inventory system considered in this work is based on one single supplier, multiple distribution centers, and multiple retailers. In each echelon safety inventory is centralized stored in several centralized storage centers and lateral transshipment of safety stock is permitted between centralized storage site and non-centralized storage sites. The inventory positioning and location decision model developed focuses on safety stock cost, lateral transshipment cost, transportation cost, construction cost and shortage cost in multi-echelon supply chain. Numerical experiments show that: no matter whether in the echelon of distribution centers or retailers the factors which affect the selection from one single centralized storage center or multiple centralized storage centers are distance between distribution centers or retailers, unit transshipment cost and unit inventory carrying cost.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71901170,72102174,71874133,72001164,171871177)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2021JM-144)+1 种基金Ministry of Educationof Humanities and Social Science Project(21XJC630004)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(RW210103JBF220602).
文摘Transshipment is an effective method for reducing mismatches between supply and demand among retailers.Consumers attempting to purchase out-of-stock items may wait for transshipment,purchase at another store,or choose not to buy.In this paper,the consumer behavioral heterogeneity is characterized using the transshipment request rate and consumer switching rate.It affects the replenishment and transshipment decisions,as well as the system profits.The inventory replenishment and transshipment decisions are studied in both centralized and decentralized two-location inventory systems with consumer behavioral heterogeneity.We characterize optimal replenishment decisions in a centralized system,prove the existence of a unique Nash equilibrium in a decentralized system with a specific demand distribution,and determine the coordinating transshipment price for some decentralized systems.In numerical studies,the performance of various systems is analyzed for consumers with identical(symmetric)or differing(asymmetric)behavior between retailers.For scenarios with symmetric consumers,a higher transshipment request rate and consumer switching rate resulted in increased total profit in all systems.For scenarios with asymmetric consumers,the retailer with the higher consumer switching rate should reduce ordering in a centralized system but increase ordering in a decentralized system.Moreover,the retailer with the higher transshipment request rate reduces ordering to increase profit,whereas the other retailer increases order quantity yet earns less profit.
