A High-Accuracy Curve Boundary Recognition Method Based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method and Immersed Moving Boundary Method

Applying numerical simulation technology to investigate fluid-solid interaction involving complex curved bound-aries is vital in aircraft design,ocean,and construction engineering.However,current methods such as Lattice Boltzmann(LBM)and the immersion boundary method based on solid ratio(IMB)have limitations in identifying custom curved boundaries.Meanwhile,IBM based on velocity correction(IBM-VC)suffers from inaccuracies and numerical instability.Therefore,this study introduces a high-accuracy curve boundary recognition method(IMB-CB),which identifies boundary nodes by moving the search box,and corrects the weighting function in LBM by calculating the solid ratio of the boundary nodes,achieving accurate recognition of custom curve boundaries.In addition,curve boundary image and dot methods are utilized to verify IMB-CB.The findings revealed that IMB-CB can accurately identify the boundary,showing an error of less than 1.8%with 500 lattices.Also,the flow in the custom curve boundary and aerodynamic characteristics of the NACA0012 airfoil are calculated and compared to IBM-VC.Results showed that IMB-CB yields lower lift and drag coefficient errors than IBM-VC,with a 1.45%drag coefficient error.In addition,the characteristic curve of IMB-CB is very stable,whereas that of IBM-VC is not.For the moving boundary problem,LBM-IMB-CB with discrete element method(DEM)is capable of accurately simulating the physical phenomena of multi-moving particle flow in complex curved pipelines.This research proposes a new curve boundary recognition method,which can significantly promote the stability and accuracy of fluid-solid interaction simulations and thus has huge applications in engineering.

A joint absorbing boundary for the multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method in seismic acoustic wavefield modeling

Conventional seismic wave forward simulation generally uses mathematical means to solve the macroscopic wave equation,and then obtains the corresponding seismic wavefield.Usually,when the subsurface structure is finely constructed and the continuity of media is poor,this strategy is difficult to meet the requirements of accurate wavefield calculation.This paper uses the multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method(MRT-LBM)to conduct the seismic acoustic wavefield simulation and verify its computational accuracy.To cope with the problem of severe reflections at the truncated boundaries,we analogize the viscous absorbing boundary and perfectly matched layer(PML)absorbing boundary based on the single-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann(SRT-LB)equation to the MRT-LB equation,and further,propose a joint absorbing boundary through comparative analysis.We give the specific forms of the modified MRT-LB equation loaded with the joint absorbing boundary in the two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)cases,respectively.Then,we verify the effects of this absorbing boundary scheme on a 2D homogeneous model,2D modified British Petroleum(BP)gas-cloud model,and 3D homogeneous model,respectively.The results reveal that by comparing with the viscous absorbing boundary and PML absorbing boundary,the joint absorbing boundary has the best absorption performance,although it is a little bit complicated.Therefore,this joint absorbing boundary better solves the problem of truncated boundary reflections of MRT-LBM in simulating seismic acoustic wavefields,which is pivotal to its wide application in the field of exploration seismology.

NOVEL IMMERSED BOUNDARY-LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD BASED ON FEEDBACK LAW

The lattice Boltzmann method （LBM） and the immersed boundary method （IBM） are alternative, com- putational techniques for solving complex fluid dynamics systems, and can take the place of the Navier-Stokes（N- S） equation. This paper proposes a novel immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method （IB-LBM） based on the feedback law. The method uses the immersed boundary concept in the LBM framework to capture the coupling between a body with complex geometry and a uniform fluid, Then, the flows around a stationary circular cylinder and two circular cylinders in a side by side arrangement are simulated by using the method. Results are agreed well with the benchmark data, so, the capability of the method for complex geometry is demonstrated. Different from the conventional IB-LBM, which uses the Hook＇s law or the direct forcing method to compute the interae- tion force, the method uses the feedback law--the feedback of velocity field and displacement information to calculate the force, thus ensuring the method has advantages of easy implementation and full parallelism.

New Boundary Treatment Methods for Lattice Boltzmann Method

In practical fluid dynamic simulations, the bou n dary condition should be treated carefully because it always has crucial influen ce on the numerical accuracy, stability and efficiency. Two types of boundary tr eatment methods for lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) are proposed. One is for the treatment of boundaries situated at lattice nodes, and the other is for the appr oximation of boundaries that are not located at the regular lattice nodes. The f irst type of boundary treatment method can deal with various dynamic boundaries on complex geometries by using a general set of formulas, which can maintain sec ond\|order accuracy. Based on the fact that the fluid flows simulated by LBM are not far from equilibrium, the unknown distributions at a boundary node are expr essed as the analogous forms of their corresponding equilibrium distributions. T herefore, the number of unknowns can be reduced and an always\|closed set of equ ations can be obtained for the solutions to pressure, velocity and special bound ary conditions on various geometries. The second type of boundary treatment is a complete interpolation scheme to treat curved boundaries. It comes from careful analysis of the relations between distribution functions at boundary nodes and their neighboring lattice nodes. It is stable for all situations and of second\| order accuracy. Basic ideas, implementation procedures and verifications with ty pical examples for the both treatments are presented. Numerical simulations and analyses show that they are accurate, stable, general and efficient for practica l simulations.

Boundary scheme for lattice Boltzmann modeling of micro-scale gas flow in organic-rich pores considering surface diffusion

We propose a boundary scheme for addressing multi-mechanism flow in a porous medium in slip and early transition flow regimes, which is frequently encountered in shale gas reservoirs. Micro-gaseous flow in organic-rich shale involves a complex flow mechanism. A self-developed boundary scheme that combines the non-equilibrium extrapolation scheme and the combined diffusive reflection and bounce-back scheme(half-way DBB) to embed the Langmuir slip boundary into the single-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method(SRT-LBM) enables us to describe this process, namely, the coupling effect of micro-gaseous flow and surface diffusion in organic-rich nanoscale pores. The present LBM model comes with the careful consideration of the local Knudsen number, local pressure gradient, viscosity correction model, and regularization procedure to account for the rarefied gas flows in irregular pores. Its validity and accuracy are verified by several benchmarking cases, and the calculated results by this boundary scheme accord well with our analytical solutions.This boundary scheme shows a higher accuracy than the existing studies. Additionally, a subiteration strategy is presented to tackle the coupled micro-gaseous flow and surface diffusion, which necessitates the iteration process matching of these two mechanisms. The multi-mechanism flow in the self-developed irregular pores is also numerically investigated and analyzed over a wide range of parameters. The results indicate that the present model can effectively capture the coupling effect of micro-gaseous flow and surface diffusion in a tree-like porous medium.

Combined immersed boundary method and multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann flux solver for numerical simulations of incompressible flows

A method combining the immersed boundary technique and a multi- relaxation-time （MRT） lattice Boltzmann flux solver （LBFS） is presented for numerical simulation of incompressible flows over circular and elliptic cylinders and NACA 0012 Airfoil. The method uses a simple Cartesian mesh to simulate flows past immersed complicated bodies. With the Chapman-Enskog expansion analysis, a transform is performed between the Navier-Stokes and lattice Boltzmann equations （LBEs）. The LBFS is used to discretize the macroscopic differential equations with a finite volume method and evaluate the interface fluxes through local reconstruction of the lattice Boltzmann solution. The immersed boundary technique is used to correct the intermediate velocity around the solid boundary to satisfy the no-slip boundary condition. Agreement of simulation results with the data found in the literature shows reliability of the proposed method in simulating laminar flows on a Cartesian mesh.

Perfect matchings on a type of lattices with toroidal boundary

Enumeration of perfect matchings on graphs has a longstanding interest in combinatorial mathematics. In this paper, we obtain some explicit expressions of the number of perfect matchings for a type of Archimedean lattices with toroidal boundary by applying Tesler's crossing orientations to obtain some Pfaffan orientations and enumerating their Pfaffans.

Underlying slip/twinning activities of Mg-xGd alloys investigated by modified lattice rotation analysis

The inconsistencies regarding the fundamental correlation between Gd content and slip(twinning)activities of Mg alloys appeal further investigations.However,the traditional slip dislocations analysis by TEM is time-consuming,and that by SEM/EBSD cannot recognize the partial slip modes.These urge a more efficient and comprehensive approach to easily distinguish all potential slip modes occurred concurrently in alloy matrix.Here we report a modified lattice rotation analysis that can distinguish all slip systems and provide statistical results for slip activities in Mg alloy matrix.Using this method,the high ductility of Mg-Gd alloy ascribed to the enhanced non-basal slips,cross-slip,and postponed twinning activities by Gd addition is quantitatively clarified.

A coupled immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method and its simulation for biomimetic problems

A coupled immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method （IB-LBM） is introduced to solve biomimetic problems. Compared to the conventional IB-LBM, the strict satisfaction of no-slip boundary condition is implemented in the current method. Consequently, the phenomenon of flow penetration that is frequently observed in the conventional IB-LBM is fully prevented, and subsequently the force on the boundary can be calculated more accurately. This feature is of importance for the simulation of biomimetic problems. Moreover, by applying the relationship between the velocity correction and forcing term, the boundary force can be calculated easily. Several biomimetic problems are then simulated. Based on the good agreement between the current results and those in the literature, it may be concluded that the present IB-LBM has the capabilitv to handle various biomimetic oroblems.

Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Convection in a Porous Medium with Temperature Jump and Velocity Slip Boundary Conditions

To investigate the convection in a porous medium, a horizontal quiescent layer of one fluid saturating a porous medium heated from bottom is numerically studied using single lattice-Boltzmann method （LBM） and the generalized Navier Stokes equation proposed by Nithiarasu et al. [P. Nithiarasu, K.M. Seetharamu, and T Sundararajan Int. J. Heat Mass Trans. 40 （1997） 3955]. Due to the rarefaction, the boundary conditions are considered as both temperature jump and velocity slip. The computational results are vahdated against the analytical results, and excellent agreement has been obtained. The results have shown that the Rayleigh number is increased with increasing temperature jump, the stabilization effect of temperature is much more significant than that of velocity slip, and the computation stability of present model is better than that of Darey and Brinkman models.

Numerical Investigation on the Deformation of the Free Interface During Water Entry and Exit of a Circular Cylinder by Using the Immersed Boundary-Multiphase Lattice Boltzmann Flux Solver

In this work,the deformation of free interface during water entry and exit of a circular cylinder is investigated numerically by using the two-dimensional(2D)immersed boundary-multiphase lattice Boltzmann flux solver(IB-MLBFS).The fluid domain is discretized by finite volume discretization,and the flux on the grid interface is evaluated by lattice Boltzmann equations.Both the implicit velocity correction and the surface flux correction are implemented by using the immersed boundary-method to consider the fluid-structure interaction and the contact interface between the multiphase fluids and the structure.First,the water entry of a circular cylinder is simulated and the results are compared with the experiment,which considered the length-diameter ratio of the circular cylinder.The reliability of 2D simulation is verified and the deformation of the free interface is well investigated.Afterward,the water exit of a circular cylinder with constant velocity is simulated,which is less researched.In addition,the results show the advantage of present IB-MLBFS to some extent.Finally,the water exit and re-entry of a circular cylinder are presented,and the results present the complex deformation of the free interface and the dynamic response of the moving structure.Based on the numerical results,the free interface of the multiphase fluids is well captured,and the contact interface on the boundary of the moving structure is accurately presented by the IB-MLBFS.

W元素在新型镍基粉末高温合金中的强化作用

通过真空感应熔炼(VIM)棒料+电极感应熔炼氩气雾化(EIGA)制粉+热等静压(HIP)成形+热处理(HT)工艺制备三种W含量(质量分数4.1%、6.1%和8.1%)的新型镍基粉末高温合金实验锭坯。以此锭坯为对象,结合金属材料相图计算及材料性能模拟软件JMatPro 6.5计算,利用SEM、EBSD和XRD分析W含量对热处理态锭坯显微组织(如晶粒尺寸、退火孪晶、γ′强化相及错配度)的影响,测试分析不同温度下合金的拉伸性能,通过经验公式量化分析各强化机制对合金室温屈服强度的贡献情况。结果表明,随着W含量增加,γ基体层错能明显降低,热处理态退火孪晶界Σ3数量增多;W促使晶内一次γ′强化相由立方状加速粗化为固态枝晶状,对γ′总量和二次、三次γ′的影响不大;W进入γ基体产生晶格畸变的程度大于γ′强化相,使得γ′/γ错配度呈下降趋势;W有助于提高室温和650~800℃拉伸强度,但略微降低塑性;W主要起固溶强化、γ/γ′共格应变强化和晶界强化作用,其中固溶强化贡献相对最低,固溶强化时以强化γ基体为主,γ基体固溶强化和γ/γ′共格应变强化效果随W含量增加而减弱,W含量为6.1%时晶界强化效果最大;固溶强化、γ/γ′共格应变强化和晶界强化贡献值总和不足室温屈服强度实测值的50%,合金以γ′相沉淀强化为主,测试值和计算值较为吻合。

三角形布置圆柱体群绕流特性与流动机理研究

基于浸没边界-多松弛-格子玻尔兹曼方法,对Re=100时等边三角形布置三圆柱体群绕流问题进行数值模拟,分析间距比(Kd)与来流角度(α)两个关键参数对流体力系数及流场特性的影响,揭示其流动机理。计算结果表明:不同流场下尾流模式分为单漩涡、单漩涡体向双漩涡过渡、不规则的双漩涡、规则的双漩涡、双漩涡向三漩涡过渡、不规则的三漩涡和规则的三漩涡模式,在α=30°时流场下游涡街更加规则,尾流模式转变更快。三圆柱所受的时均流体力系数受间隙流流速影响较大,各来流角度下随间距比(除小间距比外)的变化趋势基本一致,尾流模式转变会导致三圆柱群的流体力系数均方根值发生显著变化,在Kd≥3.5后上游圆柱流体力系数均方根值有较大起伏。除α=0°工况外,在Kd≥2.5后中游圆柱的涡脱落频率受α和Kd影响较小,数值相对稳定。

浸入运动边界-格子Boltzmann方法4种固含率计算方法对比研究

为了达到流固耦合,格子Boltzmann方法(LBM)可采用浸入运动边界法(IMB)实现移动颗粒边界上的无滑移条件.该耦合方式(IMB-LBM)中固含率计算方法对流固耦合计算精度和效率有影响.对常用的固含率4种计算方法,即蒙特卡洛法(MCM)、单元分解法(UDM)、近似多边形法(APM)和闭合边界法(CBM),分别阐述其具体算法,对比了它们的计算精度和计算效率;最后通过圆盘颗粒非连续变形分析方法(DDDA)与IMB-LBM耦合模型下的一个多颗粒沉降流固耦合算例,对比分析了它们在流固耦合计算过程中的耗时.结果表明:1)CBM无误差,MCM和UDM在随机点数取1000,子单元数取100时误差稳定在1%以下,APM在颗粒直径大于格子长度10倍时,误差小于0.44%;2)MCM和UDM的计算精度及耗时分别与随机点数和子单元数相关,它们的计算耗时大于APM和CBM;3)计算效率上,APM>CBM>UDM>MCM,其中CBM计算耗时略微大于APM,APM和UDM计算耗时分别比MCM少2个和1个数量级.该结果可为IMB-LBM耦合模型中固含率计算方法优选提供借鉴.

EBSD技术分析大晶粒NiAl合金高温塑性变形组织演变与CSL特征晶界分布

采用EBSD分析了1075℃和初始应变速率为8.75×10^(-4)s^(-1)条件下大晶粒NiAl合金高温塑性变形过程中的组织演变与重位点阵(CSL)特征晶界分布。变形前大晶粒NiAl合金以大角度晶界为主,小角度晶界比例极低。在高温塑性变形过程中,取向差5°以下的小角度晶界不断产生。随变形量的增大,新形成的小角度晶界取向差增加、转变为取向差较大的6°—15°小角度晶界,进而转变为15°以上的大角度晶界。小角度晶界的产生速率与转变为大角度晶界的速率趋向动态平衡。小角度晶界向较大角度晶界不断转变导致晶粒显著细化。CSL特征晶界分析表明,大晶粒NiAl合金高温塑性变形过程中,CSL晶界分布发生改变,将对合金室温力学性能产生影响。

An MPI parallel DEM-IMB-LBM framework for simulating fluid-solid interaction problems

The high-resolution DEM-IMB-LBM model can accurately describe pore-scale fluid-solid interactions,but its potential for use in geotechnical engineering analysis has not been fully unleashed due to its prohibitive computational costs.To overcome this limitation,a message passing interface(MPI)parallel DEM-IMB-LBM framework is proposed aimed at enhancing computation efficiency.This framework utilises a static domain decomposition scheme,with the entire computation domain being decomposed into multiple subdomains according to predefined processors.A detailed parallel strategy is employed for both contact detection and hydrodynamic force calculation.In particular,a particle ID re-numbering scheme is proposed to handle particle transitions across sub-domain interfaces.Two benchmarks are conducted to validate the accuracy and overall performance of the proposed framework.Subsequently,the framework is applied to simulate scenarios involving multi-particle sedimentation and submarine landslides.The numerical examples effectively demonstrate the robustness and applicability of the MPI parallel DEM-IMB-LBM framework.

基于Lattice Boltzmann方法的方柱绕流模拟

从分子动力论出发,探讨了模拟不可压缩粘性流动的Lattice Boltzmann(LB)方法.根据粒子平衡分布函数和非平衡反弹思想,提出了高效的出口边界条件处理格式.结合区域分裂技术设计了适合集群计算机运算的LB并行算法,并用C++程序语言开发了LB并行计算程序.通过对不同雷诺数时的方柱绕流模拟,验证了本文方法的有效性,同时详细分析了雷诺数对方柱绕流特性的影响.

Lattice Boltzmann方法理论和应用的新进展

与传统的计算流体动力学方法(如FDM,FEM等)相比,LatticeBoltzmann方法(LBM)具有算法简单、精度高、压力可以直接求解、能够模拟具有复杂边界条件的问题以及适合于并行计算等优点.边界条件处理和提高模拟流场Re的新方法,促进了LBM理论的发展和完善,并且在二维和三维的水力学、多相流、热传导以及对流 扩散问题的模拟中获得了广泛的应用.

A particle-resolved heat-particle-fluid coupling model by DEM-IMB-LBM

Multifield coupling is frequently encountered and also an active area of research in geotechnical engineering.In this work,a particle-resolved direct numerical simulation(PR-DNS)technique is extended to simulate particle-fluid interaction problems involving heat transfer at the grain level.In this extended technique,an immersed moving boundary(IMB)scheme is used to couple the discrete element method(DEM)and lattice Boltzmann method(LBM),while a recently proposed Dirichlet-type thermal boundary condition is also adapted to account for heat transfer between fluid phase and solid particles.The resulting DEM-IBM-LBM model is robust to simulate moving curved boundaries with constant temperature in thermal flows.To facilitate the understanding and implementation of this coupled model for non-isothermal problems,a complete list is given for the conversion of relevant physical variables to lattice units.Then,benchmark tests,including a single-particle sedimentation and a two-particle drafting-kissing-tumbling(DKT)simulation with heat transfer,are carried out to validate the accuracy of our coupled technique.To further investigate the role of heat transfer in particle-laden flows,two multiple-particle problems with heat transfer are performed.Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed coupling model is a promising high-resolution approach for simulating the heat-particle-fluid coupling at the grain level.

含Ti耐候钢在海洋环境中的腐蚀行为

为研究高钛含量耐候钢在海洋环境下的腐蚀机理,采用周期浸润加速腐蚀设备,对两种不同Ti含量的耐候钢进行了腐蚀行为研究。腐蚀实验后,测量了腐蚀减薄量。然后用数码相机和扫描电镜(SEM)对表面腐蚀产物的宏观和微观形貌进行观察。采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)方法分析钢中大小角度晶界对初期腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:在近似晶粒尺寸条件下,钢中Ti元素有助于提高抗海洋环境腐蚀性能,但是Ti含量的增加使小角度晶界、Σ3晶界和Σ7晶界比例下降,Ti含量在一定范围内有利于耐候钢表现出更好的耐蚀性。