β decay is one of the most fundamental and thoroughly studied nuclear decay. Surprisingly, the β decay rates were found to have a periodic time variability [1]. However, others argued that there is no evidence for s...β decay is one of the most fundamental and thoroughly studied nuclear decay. Surprisingly, the β decay rates were found to have a periodic time variability [1]. However, others argued that there is no evidence for such cyclic deviation from the exponential first order kinetics decay law [2]. Here we propose that the β decay is a pseudo-first order exchange reaction triggered by uddũexotic mesons and propose a QCD gas theory. In analogy to the atmospheric gas density, the proposed QCD gas density drops with elevation from the sun. Accordingly, we propose that the β decay rate periodic variability is due to the pseudo-first order exchange reaction kinetics and the QCD gas atmospheric density drop. The proposed QCD gas may be a possible candidate for Einstein’s general theory of relativity ether [3]. Our main results are the derived formulas for calculating the effective mass of the QCD gas and the cosmology perfect fluid equation of state dimensionless parameter, based on the measured ratio of the β decay rates at the earth trajectory aphelion and perihelion dates. .展开更多
It is commonly accepted that the system undergoes a crossover at high temperature and low chemical potential beyond the chiral limit case, and the properties of the crossover region are important for researchers to un...It is commonly accepted that the system undergoes a crossover at high temperature and low chemical potential beyond the chiral limit case, and the properties of the crossover region are important for researchers to understand the nature of strong interacting matters of quantum chromodynamics （QCD）. Since at present there is no exact order of parameters of the phase transitions beyond the chiral limit, QCD susceptibilities are widely used as indicators. In this work various susceptibilities are discussed in the framework of Dyson-Schwinger equations. The results show that different kinds of susceptibilities give the same critical end point, which is the bifurcation point of the crossover region and the first order phase transition line of QCD. Nevertheless, different pseudo- critical points are found in the temperature axis. We think that defining a critical band is more suitable in the crossover region.展开更多
Based on five different ensembles of newly generated(2+1)-flavor configurations with pion mass of approximately mπ■(140-310)MeV,we present a lattice analysis of hidden-charm and hidden-strange hexaquarks with the qu...Based on five different ensembles of newly generated(2+1)-flavor configurations with pion mass of approximately mπ■(140-310)MeV,we present a lattice analysis of hidden-charm and hidden-strange hexaquarks with the quark content■.The correlation matrices of two types of operators with JPC=0++,0-+,1++and 1--are simulated to extract the masses of the hexaquark candidates,which are subsequently extrapolated to the physical pion mass and continuum limit.The results indicate that ground state masses are below the■threshold and provide a characteristic signal for the experimental discovery of hexaquark candidates,which may enrich the versatile structure of multiquarks;moreover,it is an indispensable step to decipher the nonperturbative nature of the fundamental interactions of quarks and gluons.展开更多
Updated September 2013 by S. Hashimoto （KEK）, J. Laiho （Syracuse University）, and S.R. Sharpe （University of Washington）. 18.1. Lattice regularization of QCD
In this article we modify our previous model for the mechanisms underlying the glitch phenomena in pulsars. Accordingly, pulsars are born with embryonic cores that are made of purely incompressible superconducting glu...In this article we modify our previous model for the mechanisms underlying the glitch phenomena in pulsars. Accordingly, pulsars are born with embryonic cores that are made of purely incompressible superconducting gluon-quark superfluid (henceforth SuSu-cores). As the ambient medium cools and spins down due to emission of magnetic dipole radiation, the mass and size of SuSu-cores must grow discretely with time, in accordance with the Onsager-Feynmann analysis of superfluidity. Here we argue that the spacetime embedding glitching pulsars is dynamical and of bimetric nature: inside SuSu-cores the spacetime must be flat, whereas the surrounding region, where the matter is compressible and dissipative, the spacetime is Schwarzschild. It is argued here that the topological change of spacetime is derived by the strong nuclear force, whose operating length scales are found to increase with time to reach O (1) cm at the end of the luminous lifetimes of pulsars. The here-presented model is in line with the recent radio- and gravitational wave observations of pulsars and merger of neutron stars.展开更多
We present the results for the transition temperature of quantum chromodynamics （QCD） with two degenerate flavours （Nf = 2） of Wilson quarks. On lattice 8^3 × 4 with 4 representing the temporal extent, by usi...We present the results for the transition temperature of quantum chromodynamics （QCD） with two degenerate flavours （Nf = 2） of Wilson quarks. On lattice 8^3 × 4 with 4 representing the temporal extent, by using the Ferrenberg-Swendsen reweighting method, we determine the critical β = 6/g^2 where the transition occurs, g is the coupling constant. On lattice 8^2 × 20 × 4, by using the axial vector Ward-Takahashi identity, we calculate the current quark mass amq, a is the lattice spacing. Assuming the O（4） scaling, the critical β in the chiral limit is determined. We calculate the p meson mass amp at zero temperature on lattice 8^3 × 20. By using the experimental p meson mass to set the scale, we obtain 194（1） MeV for the transition temperature in the chiral limit.展开更多
We study the Hamiltonian, path integral and Becchi-Rouet-Stora and Tyutin (BRST) formulations of the restricted gauge theory of QCD2 à la Cho et al. under appropriate gauge-fixing conditions.
Based on the Veneziano ghost theory of QCD, we estimate the cosmological constant Λ, which is related to the vacuum energy density, , by =8πG . In the recent Veneziano ghost theory is given by the absolute value of ...Based on the Veneziano ghost theory of QCD, we estimate the cosmological constant Λ, which is related to the vacuum energy density, , by =8πG . In the recent Veneziano ghost theory is given by the absolute value of the product of the local quark condensate and quark current mass: =(2NfH/m)*c|mq<0|:qq:|0>|.By solving Dyson-Schwinger Equations for a dressed quark propagator, we found the local quark condensate;-(235 MeV)3, the generally accepted value. The quark current mass is mq 4.0 Mev. This gives the same result for as found by previous authors, which is somewhat larger than the observed value. However, when we make use of the nonlocal quark condensate, =g(x), with g(x) estimated from our previous work, we find Λ is in a good agreement with the observations.展开更多
The transition points of lattice quantum chromodynamics（QCD） with two degenerate flavors of Wilson quarks at finite temperature T and small imaginary quark chemical potential μ are determined by using the reweighti...The transition points of lattice quantum chromodynamics（QCD） with two degenerate flavors of Wilson quarks at finite temperature T and small imaginary quark chemical potential μ are determined by using the reweighting technique.Under the positive fermion determinant,i.e.,the chemical potential is pure imaginary,the simulations are performed at hopping parameter κ = 0.165.The comparison between the reweighting technique and the conventional point-by-point scanning method is presented.The results prove that the reweighting technique is an effective and efficient method in investigating the critical phenomenon.展开更多
9.1. Basics Quantum Chromodynamics （QCD）, the gauge field theory that describes the strong interactions of colored quarks and gluons, is the SU（3） component of the SU（3）×SU（2）×U（1） Standard Model ...9.1. Basics Quantum Chromodynamics （QCD）, the gauge field theory that describes the strong interactions of colored quarks and gluons, is the SU（3） component of the SU（3）×SU（2）×U（1） Standard Model of Particle Physics.展开更多
Using lattice configurations for quantum chromodynamics(QCD)generated with three domain-wall fermions at a physical pion mass,we obtain a parameter-free prediction of QCD’s renormalisation-group-invariant process-ind...Using lattice configurations for quantum chromodynamics(QCD)generated with three domain-wall fermions at a physical pion mass,we obtain a parameter-free prediction of QCD’s renormalisation-group-invariant process-independent effective charge,α^(k2).Owing to the dynamical breaking of scale invariance,evident in the emergence of a gluon mass-scale,m0=0.43(1)GeV,this coupling saturates at infrared momenta:α^(0)/π=0.97(4).Amongst other things:α^(k2)is almost identical to the process-dependent(PD)effective charge defined via the Bjorken sum rule;and also that PD charge which,employed in the one-loop evolution equations,delivers agreement between pion parton distribution functions computed at the hadronic scale and experiment.The diversity of unifying roles played byα^(k^2)suggests that it is a strong candidate for that object which represents the interaction strength in QCD at any given momentum scale;and its properties support a conclusion that QCD is a mathematically well-defined quantum field theory in four dimensions.展开更多
为了找到一种获得K-π相移的有效方法,并从格点计算得到的能级中获取K*介子的性质,首先使用手征幺正理论研究了有限体积中的P波K-π相互作用.这种方法曾在无限空间中成功地应用于计算K-π相移.然后用这种方法计算得到作为立方体盒子尺...为了找到一种获得K-π相移的有效方法,并从格点计算得到的能级中获取K*介子的性质,首先使用手征幺正理论研究了有限体积中的P波K-π相互作用.这种方法曾在无限空间中成功地应用于计算K-π相移.然后用这种方法计算得到作为立方体盒子尺寸和π介子质量的函数的P波K-π散射振幅的能级;并计算了K-π散射的相移以及基于该结果的K*介子的物理性质.最后,为了和格点量子色动力学(QCD)计算结果进行比较,又在π介子取非物理质量时计算得到了K*介子的能级.比较表明:文中方法与格点QCD得到的结果基本一致.当介子能量为266 Me V时,本文方法得到的两个能级分别为924.0 Me V和1 483.0 Me V,其结果与格点QCD得到的915.6 Me V和1 522.3 Me V的两个能级符合得很好.展开更多
文摘β decay is one of the most fundamental and thoroughly studied nuclear decay. Surprisingly, the β decay rates were found to have a periodic time variability [1]. However, others argued that there is no evidence for such cyclic deviation from the exponential first order kinetics decay law [2]. Here we propose that the β decay is a pseudo-first order exchange reaction triggered by uddũexotic mesons and propose a QCD gas theory. In analogy to the atmospheric gas density, the proposed QCD gas density drops with elevation from the sun. Accordingly, we propose that the β decay rate periodic variability is due to the pseudo-first order exchange reaction kinetics and the QCD gas atmospheric density drop. The proposed QCD gas may be a possible candidate for Einstein’s general theory of relativity ether [3]. Our main results are the derived formulas for calculating the effective mass of the QCD gas and the cosmology perfect fluid equation of state dimensionless parameter, based on the measured ratio of the β decay rates at the earth trajectory aphelion and perihelion dates. .
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11275097,11475085,11535005,and 11265017the Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds under Grant No 1402006C+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No 2015M571728the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant No BK20130078the Guizhou-Provincial Outstanding Youth Science and Technology Talent Cultivation Object Special Funds under Grant No QKHRZ(2013)28
文摘It is commonly accepted that the system undergoes a crossover at high temperature and low chemical potential beyond the chiral limit case, and the properties of the crossover region are important for researchers to understand the nature of strong interacting matters of quantum chromodynamics （QCD）. Since at present there is no exact order of parameters of the phase transitions beyond the chiral limit, QCD susceptibilities are widely used as indicators. In this work various susceptibilities are discussed in the framework of Dyson-Schwinger equations. The results show that different kinds of susceptibilities give the same critical end point, which is the bifurcation point of the crossover region and the first order phase transition line of QCD. Nevertheless, different pseudo- critical points are found in the temperature axis. We think that defining a critical band is more suitable in the crossover region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11735010,11975127,11911530088,U2032102,12005130,12125503,and 12335003)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.15DZ2272100)+2 种基金supported by Jiangsu Specially Appointed Professor Programsupported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB34030303,and XDPB15)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)joint grant(Grant No.12061131006)。
文摘Based on five different ensembles of newly generated(2+1)-flavor configurations with pion mass of approximately mπ■(140-310)MeV,we present a lattice analysis of hidden-charm and hidden-strange hexaquarks with the quark content■.The correlation matrices of two types of operators with JPC=0++,0-+,1++and 1--are simulated to extract the masses of the hexaquark candidates,which are subsequently extrapolated to the physical pion mass and continuum limit.The results indicate that ground state masses are below the■threshold and provide a characteristic signal for the experimental discovery of hexaquark candidates,which may enrich the versatile structure of multiquarks;moreover,it is an indispensable step to decipher the nonperturbative nature of the fundamental interactions of quarks and gluons.
文摘Updated September 2013 by S. Hashimoto （KEK）, J. Laiho （Syracuse University）, and S.R. Sharpe （University of Washington）. 18.1. Lattice regularization of QCD
文摘In this article we modify our previous model for the mechanisms underlying the glitch phenomena in pulsars. Accordingly, pulsars are born with embryonic cores that are made of purely incompressible superconducting gluon-quark superfluid (henceforth SuSu-cores). As the ambient medium cools and spins down due to emission of magnetic dipole radiation, the mass and size of SuSu-cores must grow discretely with time, in accordance with the Onsager-Feynmann analysis of superfluidity. Here we argue that the spacetime embedding glitching pulsars is dynamical and of bimetric nature: inside SuSu-cores the spacetime must be flat, whereas the surrounding region, where the matter is compressible and dissipative, the spacetime is Schwarzschild. It is argued here that the topological change of spacetime is derived by the strong nuclear force, whose operating length scales are found to increase with time to reach O (1) cm at the end of the luminous lifetimes of pulsars. The here-presented model is in line with the recent radio- and gravitational wave observations of pulsars and merger of neutron stars.
文摘We present the results for the transition temperature of quantum chromodynamics （QCD） with two degenerate flavours （Nf = 2） of Wilson quarks. On lattice 8^3 × 4 with 4 representing the temporal extent, by using the Ferrenberg-Swendsen reweighting method, we determine the critical β = 6/g^2 where the transition occurs, g is the coupling constant. On lattice 8^2 × 20 × 4, by using the axial vector Ward-Takahashi identity, we calculate the current quark mass amq, a is the lattice spacing. Assuming the O（4） scaling, the critical β in the chiral limit is determined. We calculate the p meson mass amp at zero temperature on lattice 8^3 × 20. By using the experimental p meson mass to set the scale, we obtain 194（1） MeV for the transition temperature in the chiral limit.
文摘We study the Hamiltonian, path integral and Becchi-Rouet-Stora and Tyutin (BRST) formulations of the restricted gauge theory of QCD2 à la Cho et al. under appropriate gauge-fixing conditions.
文摘Based on the Veneziano ghost theory of QCD, we estimate the cosmological constant Λ, which is related to the vacuum energy density, , by =8πG . In the recent Veneziano ghost theory is given by the absolute value of the product of the local quark condensate and quark current mass: =(2NfH/m)*c|mq<0|:qq:|0>|.By solving Dyson-Schwinger Equations for a dressed quark propagator, we found the local quark condensate;-(235 MeV)3, the generally accepted value. The quark current mass is mq 4.0 Mev. This gives the same result for as found by previous authors, which is somewhat larger than the observed value. However, when we make use of the nonlocal quark condensate, =g(x), with g(x) estimated from our previous work, we find Λ is in a good agreement with the observations.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10847137)the Science Foundation of Jiangsu University (1283000345)
文摘The transition points of lattice quantum chromodynamics（QCD） with two degenerate flavors of Wilson quarks at finite temperature T and small imaginary quark chemical potential μ are determined by using the reweighting technique.Under the positive fermion determinant,i.e.,the chemical potential is pure imaginary,the simulations are performed at hopping parameter κ = 0.165.The comparison between the reweighting technique and the conventional point-by-point scanning method is presented.The results prove that the reweighting technique is an effective and efficient method in investigating the critical phenomenon.
文摘9.1. Basics Quantum Chromodynamics （QCD）, the gauge field theory that describes the strong interactions of colored quarks and gluons, is the SU（3） component of the SU（3）×SU（2）×U（1） Standard Model of Particle Physics.
文摘Using lattice configurations for quantum chromodynamics(QCD)generated with three domain-wall fermions at a physical pion mass,we obtain a parameter-free prediction of QCD’s renormalisation-group-invariant process-independent effective charge,α^(k2).Owing to the dynamical breaking of scale invariance,evident in the emergence of a gluon mass-scale,m0=0.43(1)GeV,this coupling saturates at infrared momenta:α^(0)/π=0.97(4).Amongst other things:α^(k2)is almost identical to the process-dependent(PD)effective charge defined via the Bjorken sum rule;and also that PD charge which,employed in the one-loop evolution equations,delivers agreement between pion parton distribution functions computed at the hadronic scale and experiment.The diversity of unifying roles played byα^(k^2)suggests that it is a strong candidate for that object which represents the interaction strength in QCD at any given momentum scale;and its properties support a conclusion that QCD is a mathematically well-defined quantum field theory in four dimensions.
文摘为了找到一种获得K-π相移的有效方法,并从格点计算得到的能级中获取K*介子的性质,首先使用手征幺正理论研究了有限体积中的P波K-π相互作用.这种方法曾在无限空间中成功地应用于计算K-π相移.然后用这种方法计算得到作为立方体盒子尺寸和π介子质量的函数的P波K-π散射振幅的能级;并计算了K-π散射的相移以及基于该结果的K*介子的物理性质.最后,为了和格点量子色动力学(QCD)计算结果进行比较,又在π介子取非物理质量时计算得到了K*介子的能级.比较表明:文中方法与格点QCD得到的结果基本一致.当介子能量为266 Me V时,本文方法得到的两个能级分别为924.0 Me V和1 483.0 Me V,其结果与格点QCD得到的915.6 Me V和1 522.3 Me V的两个能级符合得很好.
