No country is an island in regulating food safety:How the WTO monitors Chinese food safety laws through the Trade Policy Review Mechanism(TPRM)

Established within the framework of the World Trade Organization （WTO）, the Trade Policy Review Mechanism （TPRM） reviews periodically the trade policies of all WTO Members. The review includes many aspects of food safety regulation. China＇s trade policy is reviewed every two years. This paper analyses in detail the reviews of China＇s trade policy in 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014. It focuses in particular on food safety laws and types of standards, alignment of domestic standards with international standards, the role of different domestic institutions, transparency and notification of food safety measures under the WTO agreements on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures （SPS） and on Technical Barriers to Trade （TBTAgreement）, import and export, and geographical indications （GIs）. It concludes that the WTO TPRM can contribute, within its mandate, to reform of Chinese food safety laws and improvement of food safety in China. it notes that China has already undertaken substantial reforms of its system for regulating food safety. It recommends that China should continue to participate actively in the TPRM, follow its own path with regard to alignment and learn selectively from other WTO Members.

Formation Mechanism and Occurrence Law of Pod Shattering in Soybean:A Review

Seed shattering refers to the phenomenon in which the pods split along the abdominal and back sutures before the crop is received,so that the seeds are spread.Seed shattering is vital to the reproduction of their offspring in wild plants,but it is also the main cause of crop yield loss reason.Pod-explosion resistance is a complex process of physical and physiological and biochemical reactions.Soybean seed shattering phenomenon is widespread,which severely restricts the development of soybean industry.Seed shattering(pod cracking or fruit dropping)is essential for the reproduction of its offspring in wild plants,but it is also the main cause of crop yield loss.This article analyzes the morphology and structure of pods related to seed shattering from the morphology of pods.On the basis of the regularity of the occurrence of seed shattering and the summary of phenotypic index identification methods,physiologically introduced the regulation mechanism of key enzymes and endogenous hormones on seed shattering.The localization,labeling and cloning of seed shattering genes are introduced in molecular biology.The study focused on reviewing the latest advances in the research on soybean seed shattering characteristics,and discussed with the research results of related crops.Finally,the research and application of soybean seed shattering resistance were prospected for several aspects.

Malus’ Law Derived from Deterministic Particle Behavior

A polarized beam of energy is usually interpreted as a set of particles, all having the same polarization state. Difference in behavior between the one and the other particle is then explained by a number of counter-intuitive quantum mechanical concepts like probability distribution, superposition, entanglement and quantized spin. Alternatively, I propose that a polarized beam is composed of a set of particles with a cosine distribution of polarization angles within a polarization area. I show that Malus’ law for the intensity of a beam of polarized light can be derived in a straightforward manner from this distribution. I then show that none of the above-mentioned counter-intuitive concepts are necessary to explain particle behavior and that the ontology of particles, passing through a polarizer, can be easily and intuitively understood. I conclude by formulating some questions for follow-up research.

Coordination Mechanism of the Legal Protection of Resource Security with Its Relative Laws

The basis of the legal protection of resource security is its relative laws, which have four main characteristics, which are foundational, divergent, comprehensive and of long-term social benefits in view. The coordination mechanism of the legal protection of resource security with its relative laws meets the needs of the sustainable development of the economy, society and environment. It also facilitates and is facilitated by the modern transformation of the legal system in China, and upholds the legal system as a logically self-perfecting entity. Furthermore, this coordination bears scientific feasibility.

Analysis of herbs use law and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating postoperative complications of breast cancer

Objective:Excavate the compatibility rules of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating postoperative complications of breast cancer,study the potential mechanism of prevention and treatment with traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:Collate and analyze the relevant prescriptions collected from CNKI and the core drug combination and the new formula are obtained by adopting the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance auxiliary system(TCMISSV2.5).Use BATMAN-TCM online analysis tool to analyze KEGG pathways of high frequency drugs and predict the potential signal pathways.Results:Data mining has selected 10 pairs of core herb combinations and 5 new recipes of 133 prescriptions.In the network pharmacology analysis of bai zhu,huang qi,fu ling,the potential signaling pathways of its action are the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway and calcium signaling pathway.Conclusion:Herbs for invigorating spleen and qi and herbs for nourishing blood and activating blood are commonly used to prevent and treat postoperative complications of breast cancer.Core herbs may play their role by interfering with the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway and calcium signaling pathway.

Research on the Operation Mechanism of Claim in Civil Procedure Law and the Applications on Court Trial Way Reform

In this paper, we conduct research on the operation mechanism of claim in civil procedure law and the applications on the court trial way reform. The ultimate goal of the rule of law lies in identifying and protecting the rights of citizens. Way to protect the rights of citizens is diverse, but the judicial relief is the most basic and important form of insurance. Everyone can “into” the court and get the impartiality of the judicial relief, is a measure of a country judicial level height and the rule of law implementation degree of important yardstick. Judicial system and judicial procedure to build and build a better, if the subject of litigation rights are not being met and the safeguard, can’t get through the door and it is the legislators and legal scholars over the many efforts are meaningless, under this basic condition, we propose the new perspective on the corresponding issues that is necessary.

Analysis of drug use law and mechanism of prostate cancer based on data mining and network pharmacology

Objective: Excavate the medication rule of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of prostate cancer, and predicting the biomolecular level mechanism of high-frequency drug compatibility. Methods: Relevant documents in CNKI, Wanfang Medical Network and VIP Chinese Biomedical Periodical Database Pubmed, EMbase were collected and collated systematically. Frequency statistics, association rule analysis and new party mining were carried out using TCMISSV2.5. BATMAN-TCM was used to analyze the interaction relationship and related pathways between high-frequency drug targets. Results: Huangqi (Astragalus membranaceus) was the single drug most used of the 102prescriptions included in the standard. There are 6 pairs of combinations with high confidence in association rule analysis. System entropy cluster analysis resulted in 20 core drug combinations and 9 new prescriptions. Through KEGG pathway analysis of Huangqi, Fuling (Poria cocos), Gancao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) and Dihuang (Rehmannia glutinosa), it was found that the number of potential targets of the neural active ligand receptor rented pathway and purine metabolism pathway was the largest. Conclusions: Prostate cancer is mainly treated with deficiency-tonifying drugs, which are combined with drugs for promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, clearing heat, promoting diuresis, detoxifying and resolving hard mass. The mechanism of action of high-frequency traditional Chinese medicine may be realized by interfering with the neuroactive ligand receptor interaction pathway and purine metabolism pathway.

Study on the Geohazard Distribution Laws and Hazard-Causing Mechanism in Menghai County of Yunnan Province

The study area is located at the southwest border of Yunnan Province and the southward extended part of Nushan Mountain,with complex and fragile geo-environmental conditions.Deep geological survey and mathematical analytical investigation on the geohazard distribution and hazard-causing mechanisms in this area were carried out in this study.The results revealed that:(1)The development of geohazards was affected differently by difierent slope shapes,slope structures and elevations;(2)Most of the geohazards were developed in medium shallow cut ridge-like medium-height mountainous geomorphological region and shallow cut steamed bun-like low and medium-height mountainous geomorphological region,and they were relatively concentrated on tectonic zones like fault zones;(3)The slopes formed by loose earth piling up on the surface of Indo-Chinese magmatic rock and Lancang Group metamorphic rock formations were most prone to slope instability and even landslide.The deep study on the geohazard distribution and hazard-causing mechanisms can provide geoscientific basis and reference for the prevention and mitigation work of geohazards under similar geo-environmental conditions.

Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes and Treatment Laws of Diabetic Kidney Disease and the Action Mechanism of High-Frequency Chinese Herbs in the Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease Based on Real-World Study

Objective Our objective was to analyze the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome and treatment laws of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and the action mechanism of high-frequency Chinese herbs in the treatment of DKD based on realworldstudy.MethodsThe data of patients with DKD who had been treated in the First Hospital Affiliated to Henan Universityof ChineseMedicine from January1,2014to December 31,2021 were retrospectively analyzed through the hospital information management system.The contents of the cases were statistically analyzed using IBM SPsS Statistics 25 software,and the laws of DKDtreatment were summarized.Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to analyze the action mechanism of high-frequency Chinese herbs in the treatment of DKD.ResultsThe data of a total of 1,201 patients with DKD were included,involving 72 kinds of TCM syndromes.Nine disease nature elements and six disease location elements were extracted,involving 405 Chinese herbs.The top five high-frequency Chinese herbs were Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma),Fuling(Poria),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma),and Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).Thirty kinds of Chinese herbs with the frequency of≥100 were mainly deficiency-tonifying herbs and blood-activating and stasis-eliminating herbs.The medicinal properties were mainly warm and mild,and the medicinal flavors were sweet and bitter mostly.For the meridian tropism,the main meridian tropism of these herbs is spleen meridian and lung meridian.The clustering method.

Persist in Law-based Protection of Human Rights and Improve the Mechanism for the Protection of Human Rights by the Rule of Law

General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech on China’s Path of Human Rights at a group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on February 25,2022.Persisting with the law-based protection of human rights and improving the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law are essential for unswervingly following the development path of human rights in China.The improvement of the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law necessitates adhering to the principle of respecting the dominant role of the people and removing the institutional obstacles in rule of law protection of human rights;to comprehensively strengthen the implementation of the Constitution,advance the filing and examination of the Constitution,and safeguard the authority of the Constitution;to accelerate the theoretical innovation of human rights and the construction of the discipline system,the academic system and the discourse system of human rights that meet the needs of the new era in China,and to actively participate in and contribute to the global governance on human rights,etc.Improving the mechanism for the protection of human rights by the rule of law can provide a solid protection for people enjoying a better life.

Studies on the Evolutionary Laws and Maintaining Mechanism of Renewability of the Yellow River's Water Resources

The Yellow River has a vast catchment area and historically it is the mother river of the Chinese nation. Now it serves as one of the main theatres for the on-going national campaign to develop China's western hinterland.……

Integrating Factors and Conservation Laws for Relativistic Mechanical System

In this paper, we present a new method to construct the conservation laws for relativistic mechanical systems by finding corresponding integrating factors. First, the Lagrange equations of relativistic mechanical systems are established, and the definition of integrating factors of the systems is given; second, the necessary conditions for the existence of conserved quantities of the relativistic mechanical systems are studied in detail, and the relation between the conservation laws and the integrating factors of the systems is obtained and the generalized Killing equations for the determination of the integrating factors are given; finally, the conservation theorem and its inverse for the systems are established, and an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.

NOETHER’S CONSERVATION LAWS OF HOLONOMIC NONCONSERVATIVE DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS IN GENERALIZED MECHANICS

In the present paper, three kinds of forms for Noether’s conservation laws of hol-onomic nonconservative dynamical systems in generalized mechanics are given.

Mechanical Properties of Simple s-p Metals, and Defect Energies from Electron Theory and from Interatomic Force Laws

The cleavage force F(z) needed to separate parallel atomic planes by a distance z is first discussed for simple s-p metals using density functional theory.For the s-p nearly free-electron metals the linearized Thomas-Fermi equation is solved self-consistently in the cases of (a) semi-infinite planes of jellium (i.e. smeared uniform positive ions) and (b) a semi-infinite cylinder of finite radius, cleaved by a plane perpendicular to its axis. In (a), the elastic region has the form F(z)=Az ∝ Zrs-11/2, where rs is the mean interelectronic distance in the jellium model. Size effects are then considered, with possible relevance to atomic force microscopy.Defect energies are treated, using both electron theory and pair force laws.

Principles of Quantum Mechanics and Laws of Wave Optics from One Mathematical Formula

Finding that in the formula of expansion of a function into a series of wave-like functions ?the coefficients are its Fourier transforms, if existed, we deduce mathematically all the principles and hypothesis that illustrated physicists utilized to build quantum mechanics a century ago, beginning with the duality particle-wave principle of Planck and including the Schrödinger equations. By the way, we find a simple Fourier transform relation between Dirac momentum and position bras and a useful permutation relation between operators in phase and Hilbert spaces. Moreover, from the found particle-wave duality formula we prove and obtain again essentially by mathematical analysis all the laws of wave optics concerning reflections, refractions, polarizations, diffractions by one or many identical 3D objects with various forms and dimensions.

Type Synthesis of Spatial Straight Line Mechanisms with only Revolute Joints

Spatial straight line mechanisms are a class of spatial mechanisms whose end-effectors generate the trajectory with the form of exact straight lines, which have potential applications in many industrial sectors. This study aims to synthesis the spatial straight line mechanisms with only revolute joints, meaning that no prismatic joints are included. According to the generalized function sets and the law of one dimensional rotation, the type of compositions of characteristic and the corresponding conditions are derived. Furthermore, some novel symmetrical and asymmetrical spatial straight line mechanisms are synthesized through assembling specific kinematic chains under the corresponding conditions. Finally, several synthesized spatial straight line mechanisms are illustrated to show the effectiveness of the synthesis methodology.

Electromagnetic Self-Force Mechanisms and Origin of <i>R</i>^-1Term

An accelerating charged particle exerts a force upon itself. If we model the particle as a spherical shell of radius R, and calculate the force of one piece of this shell on another and eventually integrate over the whole particle, there will be a net force on the particle due to the breakdown of Newton’s third law. This symmetry breaking mechanism relies on the finite size of the particle;thus, as Feynman has stated, conceptually this mechanism doesn’t make good sense for point particles. Nonetheless, in the point particle limit, two terms survive in the self-force series: R0 and R-1 terms. The R0 term can alternatively be attributed to the well-known radiation reaction but the origin of R-1 term is not clear. In this study, we will show that this new term can be accounted for by an inductive mechanism in which the changing magnetic field induces an inductive force on the particle. Using this inductive mechanism, we derive R-1 term in an extremely easy way.

Shale oil enrichment evaluation and production law in Gulong Sag,Songliao Basin,NE China

Based on the results of drilling,tests and simulation experiments,the shales of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Gulong Sag of the Songliao Basin are discussed with respect to hydrocarbon generation evolution,shale oil occurrence,and pore/fracture evolution mechanism.In conjunction with a substantial amount of oil testing and production data,the Gulong shale oil enrichment layers are evaluated and the production behaviors and decline law are analyzed.The results are drawn in four aspects.First,the Gulong shales are in the stage of extensive hydrocarbon expulsion when R_(0) is 1.0%-1.2%,with the peak hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of 49.5%approximately.In the low-medium maturity stage,shale oil migrates from kerogen to rocks and organic pores/fractures.In the medium-high maturity stage,shale oil transforms from adsorbed state to free state.Second,the clay mineral intergranular pores/fractures,dissolution pores,and organic pores make up the majority of the pore structure.During the transformation,clay minerals undergo significant intergranular pore/fracture development between the minerals such as illite and illite/smectite mixed layer.A network of pores/fractures is formed by organic matter cracking.Third,free hydrocarbon content,effective porosity,total porosity,and brittle mineral content are the core indicators for the evaluation of shale oil enrichment layers.Class-I layers are defined as free hydrocarbon content equal or greater than 6.0 mg/g,effective porosity equal or greater than 3.5%,total porosity equal or greater than 8.0%,and brittle mineral content equal or greater than 50%.It is believed that the favourable oil layers are Q2-Q3 and Q8-Q9.Fourth,the horizontal wells in the core area of the light oil zone exhibit a high cumulative production in the first year,and present a hyperbolic production decline pattern,with the decline index of 0.85-0.95,the first-year decline rate of 14.5%-26.5%,and the single-well estimated ultimate recovery(EUR)greater than 2.0×10^(4)t.In practical exploration and production,more efforts will be devoted to the clarification of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion mechanisms,accurate testing of porosity and hydrocarbon content/phase of shale under formation conditions,precise delineation of the boundary of enrichment area,relationship between mechanical properties and stimulated reservoir volume,and enhanced oil recovery,in order to improve the EUR and achieve a large-scale,efficient development of shale oil.

Contradiction between Conservation Laws and Orthodox Quantum Mechanics

In this paper, it showed that the orthodox version of quantum mechanics contradicts the idea that conservation laws are valid in individual processes of measurement.