Focused on the Klinkenberg effect on gas seepage, the independently developed triaxial experimental system of gas seepage was applied to conduct research on the seepage characteristics of coal seam gas. By means of ex...Focused on the Klinkenberg effect on gas seepage, the independently developed triaxial experimental system of gas seepage was applied to conduct research on the seepage characteristics of coal seam gas. By means of experimental data analysis and theoretical derivation, a calculation method of coal seam gas permeability was proposed, which synthesized the respective influences of gas dynamic viscosity, compressibility factor and Klinkenberg effect. The study results show that the Klinkenberg effect has a significant influence on the coal seam gas seepage, the permeability estimated with the method considering the Klinkenberg effect is correct, and this permeability can fully reflect the true seepage state of the gas. For the gas around the standard conditions, the influences of dynamic viscosity and compressibility factor on the permeability may be ignored. For the gas deviating far away from the standard conditions, the influences of dynamic viscosity and compressibility factor on the permeability must be considered. The research results have certain guiding significance in forming a correct understanding of the Klinkenberg effect and selecting a more accurate calculation method for the permeability of coal containing gas.展开更多
For a black hole with two horizons, the effective entropy is assumed to be a linear combination of the two entropies of the outer and inner horizons. In terms of the effective thermodynamic quantities the effective Be...For a black hole with two horizons, the effective entropy is assumed to be a linear combination of the two entropies of the outer and inner horizons. In terms of the effective thermodynamic quantities the effective Bekenstein-Smarr formula and the effective first law of thermodynamics are derived.展开更多
Using micro-level data from China Employer-Employee Survey(CEES), this paper conducts an empirical analysis of firms' heterogeneous characteristics in the implementation of the Labor Contract Law and its effects o...Using micro-level data from China Employer-Employee Survey(CEES), this paper conducts an empirical analysis of firms' heterogeneous characteristics in the implementation of the Labor Contract Law and its effects on employees. Our findings are as follows: With China's economic development, firms more proactively implement the Labor Contract Law, resulting in a higher percentage of employees with labor contracts. Labor contracts significantly increase the probability of employees in receiving social insurances, such as pension, health, unemployment, work injury and birth insurances, and have a significantly positive effect on wage income. Longer term of labor contract corresponds to stronger employment protection, and such an effect is highly robust. Larger firms with higher capital-labor ratios have better results in implementing the Labor Contract Law. And employees of private and labor-intensive firms have poorer coverage of employment and social protection; such firms should be given focal attention in the law's implementation.展开更多
基金Projects(51104059,51204067)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012CB723103)supported the National Basic Research Program of China+3 种基金Project(IRT1235)supported by Innovation Team Development Plan of the Ministry of Education of ChinaProject(2013M531674)supported by China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(132300413203)supported by Basic and Frontier Technology Research Program of Henan Province,ChinaProject(WS2012B07)supported by the Open Project of State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology and Gas Control(Henan Polytechnic University),China
文摘Focused on the Klinkenberg effect on gas seepage, the independently developed triaxial experimental system of gas seepage was applied to conduct research on the seepage characteristics of coal seam gas. By means of experimental data analysis and theoretical derivation, a calculation method of coal seam gas permeability was proposed, which synthesized the respective influences of gas dynamic viscosity, compressibility factor and Klinkenberg effect. The study results show that the Klinkenberg effect has a significant influence on the coal seam gas seepage, the permeability estimated with the method considering the Klinkenberg effect is correct, and this permeability can fully reflect the true seepage state of the gas. For the gas around the standard conditions, the influences of dynamic viscosity and compressibility factor on the permeability may be ignored. For the gas deviating far away from the standard conditions, the influences of dynamic viscosity and compressibility factor on the permeability must be considered. The research results have certain guiding significance in forming a correct understanding of the Klinkenberg effect and selecting a more accurate calculation method for the permeability of coal containing gas.
文摘For a black hole with two horizons, the effective entropy is assumed to be a linear combination of the two entropies of the outer and inner horizons. In terms of the effective thermodynamic quantities the effective Bekenstein-Smarr formula and the effective first law of thermodynamics are derived.
文摘Using micro-level data from China Employer-Employee Survey(CEES), this paper conducts an empirical analysis of firms' heterogeneous characteristics in the implementation of the Labor Contract Law and its effects on employees. Our findings are as follows: With China's economic development, firms more proactively implement the Labor Contract Law, resulting in a higher percentage of employees with labor contracts. Labor contracts significantly increase the probability of employees in receiving social insurances, such as pension, health, unemployment, work injury and birth insurances, and have a significantly positive effect on wage income. Longer term of labor contract corresponds to stronger employment protection, and such an effect is highly robust. Larger firms with higher capital-labor ratios have better results in implementing the Labor Contract Law. And employees of private and labor-intensive firms have poorer coverage of employment and social protection; such firms should be given focal attention in the law's implementation.
