Timing of harvest is critical for mechanical picking in cotton production, especially in those regions with double cropping system. Appropriate and safe harvest aids will improve timing and facilitate harvest of cotto...Timing of harvest is critical for mechanical picking in cotton production, especially in those regions with double cropping system. Appropriate and safe harvest aids will improve timing and facilitate harvest of cotton in the double cropping system. Three defoliants (dimethipin, thidiazuron, and thidiazuron-diuron) and one boll opener (ethephon) were included in this research. They were evaluated for their effects on defoliation, boll opening, seedcotton yield, seed quality, and fiber quality of field grown cotton when used alone or as a mixture in 2009 and 2010. Defoliation and/or boll opening were increased by all three defoliants and ethephon, especially by mixtures of a defoliant and ethephon. First harvest of seedcotton was significantly increased with defoliant-ethephon mixtures. No significant adverse effects were observed on boll weight, lint percentage, seed quality, and fiber properties. It was estimated that tank mixes of ethephon and one of the three defoliants can improve the adjusted gross revenue. Boll opening can be used as an alternative indicator for the adjusted gross revenue, because, it was linearly and positively correlated with the relative adjusted gross revenue and convenient in measurements. Wheat seedling growth was not affected by thidiazuron, whereas its seedling emergence, root dry weight, relative water content, and electrolyte leakage were adversely affected by dimethipin and thidiazuron- diuron when concentration was above 340 and 100 g (a.i.) ha-1, respectively. 90% defoliation and 80% boll opening were observed with the high rate of thidiazuron-ethephon mixture, but no adverse effects on winter wheat. The results suggested that tank mixes of ethephon with thidiazuron can be used effectively and safely in the cotton-winter wheat double cropping system to improve yield without adverse effects on seed quality and fiber quality.展开更多
为提高机采棉脱叶、吐絮效果,探索脱叶剂的施药方法,筛选出适合于南疆各垦区的棉花脱叶剂产品。分别采用50%噻苯隆WP、80%噻苯隆WP、40%乙烯利水剂、50%敌草隆WP按不同配比在阿拉尔垦区、库尔勒垦区、沙井子垦区、塔里木垦区进行了田间...为提高机采棉脱叶、吐絮效果,探索脱叶剂的施药方法,筛选出适合于南疆各垦区的棉花脱叶剂产品。分别采用50%噻苯隆WP、80%噻苯隆WP、40%乙烯利水剂、50%敌草隆WP按不同配比在阿拉尔垦区、库尔勒垦区、沙井子垦区、塔里木垦区进行了田间对比试验。试验结果表明:540 g/L敌草隆·噻苯隆SC 300 m L/hm^2加乙烯利1 050 m L/hm^2处理棉花后脱叶率提高了9.95%,吐絮率提高了7.07%,棉纤维长度增加了-0.91%,增产率达2.42%,其关联系数可达0.720 6,明显高于其他处理的关联度。综合各脱叶剂处理棉花后的脱叶、吐絮及对产量、品质的影响程度,南疆棉区使用540 g/L敌草隆·噻苯隆SC 300 m L/hm^2加乙烯利1 050 m L/hm^2更优于其他配比。展开更多
为研究早熟陆地棉新陆早60号在两种机采棉种植模式下化学脱叶催熟效果,采用两种机采种植模式:一膜6行机采模式M1(株行距配置为66cm+10cm)和一膜3行机采模式M2(76cm等行距),分析两种模式下喷施脱叶剂后棉花脱叶率、挂枝率、吐絮率、纤维...为研究早熟陆地棉新陆早60号在两种机采棉种植模式下化学脱叶催熟效果,采用两种机采种植模式:一膜6行机采模式M1(株行距配置为66cm+10cm)和一膜3行机采模式M2(76cm等行距),分析两种模式下喷施脱叶剂后棉花脱叶率、挂枝率、吐絮率、纤维产量及品质性状的差异。结果表明:24DAS(Days after Spraying Defoliant)时,两种机采种植模式下新陆早60号脱叶率表现为M2>M1,挂枝率表现为M2<M1,差异均达到极显著(P<0.01)水平。喷施药剂后吐絮率表现为M2>M1,3DAS时,差异达显著(P<0.01)水平;10DAS和17DAS时,吐絮率差异均达到极显著(P<0.01)水平。喷施药剂后单铃重表现为M2>M1,差异达到极显著(P<0.01)水平;衣分、籽棉产量、皮棉产量表现为M1>M2,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。喷施药剂后纤维长度、纤维强度、马克隆值、伸长率的表现为M2>M1,但差异未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。综合来看,新陆早60号在M2机采模式下喷施脱叶剂后脱叶、吐絮效果较好,单铃重较高,产量略降低,但其纤维品质性标略有提升,因此新陆早60号配套M2机采模式更适宜在生产中推广应用。展开更多
【目的】棉花脱叶催熟是实现机械采收的前提。噻苯隆和乙烯利混用是我国目前主要的脱叶催熟方式。鉴于不同棉区的环境条件和种植模式差异较大,研究了不同棉区噻苯隆和乙烯利的适宜用量及配比。【方法】于2018年在黄河流域棉区的河北河...【目的】棉花脱叶催熟是实现机械采收的前提。噻苯隆和乙烯利混用是我国目前主要的脱叶催熟方式。鉴于不同棉区的环境条件和种植模式差异较大,研究了不同棉区噻苯隆和乙烯利的适宜用量及配比。【方法】于2018年在黄河流域棉区的河北河间、河北邯郸、山东德州和山东无棣、长江流域棉区的江苏大丰、北疆棉区的石河子Ⅰ和Ⅱ、南疆棉区的轮台和沙雅共9个地点开展田间试验,设50%(质量分数,下同)噻苯隆可湿性粉剂和40%乙烯利水剂3个混用处理,每公顷用量分别为450 g+1725 m L(T1)、600 g+3000 m L(T2)、600 g+4500 m L(T3),噻苯隆和乙烯利有效成分配比分别为1∶3、1∶4和1∶6,以喷施清水为对照。【结果】在江苏大丰,药后16 d各处理脱叶率与对照无显著差异。在其他8个试验点,大多数处理药后14 d的脱叶率显著高于对照,且自然脱叶率越低提高幅度越大;但噻苯隆和乙烯利不同用量及配比之间的脱叶率差异不一致,且大部分情况下差异不大。部分地点某些处理药后14~16 d的脱叶率可达到90%。不论药前吐絮率低或高,药剂处理14~16 d后,与清水对照相比吐絮率未表现出明显的增加;然而,药前吐絮率较低的试验点药后吐絮率增幅大,反之,吐絮率增幅小。噻苯隆和乙烯利混用对大部分试验点的产量和纤维品质无显著影响。【结论】药后14 d左右,噻苯隆和乙烯利混用的脱叶效果比较明显,不同剂量和配比之间无一致性和大的差异;催熟效果相对较差,对棉花产量和纤维品质影响不大。综合考虑脱叶催熟效果的稳定性和药剂成本,初步建议各棉区每公顷应用600 g的50%噻苯隆可湿性粉剂和3000 m L的40%乙烯利水剂进行脱叶催熟。展开更多
在北疆自然条件下,以抗旱性较弱的品种新陆早17号(P17)和抗旱性较强的品种新陆早22号(P22)为试材,采用等行距密植模式,设亏缺滴灌(W1)、限量滴灌(W2)、常规滴灌(W3)处理,分析不同水分处理对棉花产量、纤维品质以及脱叶吐絮的影响。结果...在北疆自然条件下,以抗旱性较弱的品种新陆早17号(P17)和抗旱性较强的品种新陆早22号(P22)为试材,采用等行距密植模式,设亏缺滴灌(W1)、限量滴灌(W2)、常规滴灌(W3)处理,分析不同水分处理对棉花产量、纤维品质以及脱叶吐絮的影响。结果表明:在产量及其构成因素方面,P22的单铃重和籽棉产量比P17分别高14.4%和8.8%,但单株铃数、总铃数、皮棉产量和衣分平均低7.4%~15.9%;随滴水量的降低,P17的单株铃数、总铃数、籽棉及皮棉产量均呈显著下降趋势,但P22在W3和W2条件下产量及其构成因素无显著差异。棉纤维品质方面,P22的纤维长度、整齐度、断裂比强度、伸长率比P17高2.13%~13.87%,马克隆值低5.79%;W2和W3条件下棉花各纤维指标无显著差异,但显著优于W1处理。脱叶吐絮性状方面,P17具有较高的脱叶率、脱叶速率、叶片干枯率和倒伏率,P22的吐絮率、吐絮速率以及自然吐絮率保持较高水平;随滴水量的降低,棉花的脱叶率和脱叶速率呈降低趋势,吐絮率和吐絮速率呈增加趋势,P22的倒伏率呈降低趋势,而P17呈先降低后增加趋势,但在W3和W2条件下,棉花的脱叶吐絮效果差异不显著。因此,在等行距密植条件下,控制滴水3900~4800 m 3·hm-2并选用抗旱性较强的棉花品种,可在不显著降低产量和纤维品质的前提下,优化吐絮效果、降低倒伏率,有利于提高棉花机械采收质量。展开更多
With the development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)sprayers,the application of low-volume spraying of harvest-aid and other agrochemicals to cotton using UAVs is becoming a new agronomic trend worldwide.The effect of...With the development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)sprayers,the application of low-volume spraying of harvest-aid and other agrochemicals to cotton using UAVs is becoming a new agronomic trend worldwide.The effect of spray volume and canopy density for UAV spraying is significant but was rarely studied.In this study,five representative spray volumes were explored to examine the effect of spray volume on deposition and harvest-aid efficacy for cotton using a UAV sprayer.To explore the effect of canopy density,similar tests were carried out in a field located nearby with a lower leaf area index(LAI).A conventional trailer boom sprayer was selected for comparison.Different spray volumes had a significant effect on defoliation,but had no significant effect on boll opening and fiber quality.A higher defoliation rate was achieved in the lower LAI field.The total rate of defoliation using the UAV was inferior to the boom sprayer in the high LAI field for lower deposition and defoliation rate in the lower canopy.Considering the deposition,defoliation rate,and working efficiency,a spray volume of 15.0 L/hm^(2) with an average droplet size of 150μm is recommended for UAV application.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30825028)the Program of the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(2011AA10A206)the Innovation Fund for Graduate Student of China Agricultural University(KYCX2010032)
文摘Timing of harvest is critical for mechanical picking in cotton production, especially in those regions with double cropping system. Appropriate and safe harvest aids will improve timing and facilitate harvest of cotton in the double cropping system. Three defoliants (dimethipin, thidiazuron, and thidiazuron-diuron) and one boll opener (ethephon) were included in this research. They were evaluated for their effects on defoliation, boll opening, seedcotton yield, seed quality, and fiber quality of field grown cotton when used alone or as a mixture in 2009 and 2010. Defoliation and/or boll opening were increased by all three defoliants and ethephon, especially by mixtures of a defoliant and ethephon. First harvest of seedcotton was significantly increased with defoliant-ethephon mixtures. No significant adverse effects were observed on boll weight, lint percentage, seed quality, and fiber properties. It was estimated that tank mixes of ethephon and one of the three defoliants can improve the adjusted gross revenue. Boll opening can be used as an alternative indicator for the adjusted gross revenue, because, it was linearly and positively correlated with the relative adjusted gross revenue and convenient in measurements. Wheat seedling growth was not affected by thidiazuron, whereas its seedling emergence, root dry weight, relative water content, and electrolyte leakage were adversely affected by dimethipin and thidiazuron- diuron when concentration was above 340 and 100 g (a.i.) ha-1, respectively. 90% defoliation and 80% boll opening were observed with the high rate of thidiazuron-ethephon mixture, but no adverse effects on winter wheat. The results suggested that tank mixes of ethephon with thidiazuron can be used effectively and safely in the cotton-winter wheat double cropping system to improve yield without adverse effects on seed quality and fiber quality.
文摘为提高机采棉脱叶、吐絮效果,探索脱叶剂的施药方法,筛选出适合于南疆各垦区的棉花脱叶剂产品。分别采用50%噻苯隆WP、80%噻苯隆WP、40%乙烯利水剂、50%敌草隆WP按不同配比在阿拉尔垦区、库尔勒垦区、沙井子垦区、塔里木垦区进行了田间对比试验。试验结果表明:540 g/L敌草隆·噻苯隆SC 300 m L/hm^2加乙烯利1 050 m L/hm^2处理棉花后脱叶率提高了9.95%,吐絮率提高了7.07%,棉纤维长度增加了-0.91%,增产率达2.42%,其关联系数可达0.720 6,明显高于其他处理的关联度。综合各脱叶剂处理棉花后的脱叶、吐絮及对产量、品质的影响程度,南疆棉区使用540 g/L敌草隆·噻苯隆SC 300 m L/hm^2加乙烯利1 050 m L/hm^2更优于其他配比。
文摘为研究早熟陆地棉新陆早60号在两种机采棉种植模式下化学脱叶催熟效果,采用两种机采种植模式:一膜6行机采模式M1(株行距配置为66cm+10cm)和一膜3行机采模式M2(76cm等行距),分析两种模式下喷施脱叶剂后棉花脱叶率、挂枝率、吐絮率、纤维产量及品质性状的差异。结果表明:24DAS(Days after Spraying Defoliant)时,两种机采种植模式下新陆早60号脱叶率表现为M2>M1,挂枝率表现为M2<M1,差异均达到极显著(P<0.01)水平。喷施药剂后吐絮率表现为M2>M1,3DAS时,差异达显著(P<0.01)水平;10DAS和17DAS时,吐絮率差异均达到极显著(P<0.01)水平。喷施药剂后单铃重表现为M2>M1,差异达到极显著(P<0.01)水平;衣分、籽棉产量、皮棉产量表现为M1>M2,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。喷施药剂后纤维长度、纤维强度、马克隆值、伸长率的表现为M2>M1,但差异未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。综合来看,新陆早60号在M2机采模式下喷施脱叶剂后脱叶、吐絮效果较好,单铃重较高,产量略降低,但其纤维品质性标略有提升,因此新陆早60号配套M2机采模式更适宜在生产中推广应用。
文摘【目的】棉花脱叶催熟是实现机械采收的前提。噻苯隆和乙烯利混用是我国目前主要的脱叶催熟方式。鉴于不同棉区的环境条件和种植模式差异较大,研究了不同棉区噻苯隆和乙烯利的适宜用量及配比。【方法】于2018年在黄河流域棉区的河北河间、河北邯郸、山东德州和山东无棣、长江流域棉区的江苏大丰、北疆棉区的石河子Ⅰ和Ⅱ、南疆棉区的轮台和沙雅共9个地点开展田间试验,设50%(质量分数,下同)噻苯隆可湿性粉剂和40%乙烯利水剂3个混用处理,每公顷用量分别为450 g+1725 m L(T1)、600 g+3000 m L(T2)、600 g+4500 m L(T3),噻苯隆和乙烯利有效成分配比分别为1∶3、1∶4和1∶6,以喷施清水为对照。【结果】在江苏大丰,药后16 d各处理脱叶率与对照无显著差异。在其他8个试验点,大多数处理药后14 d的脱叶率显著高于对照,且自然脱叶率越低提高幅度越大;但噻苯隆和乙烯利不同用量及配比之间的脱叶率差异不一致,且大部分情况下差异不大。部分地点某些处理药后14~16 d的脱叶率可达到90%。不论药前吐絮率低或高,药剂处理14~16 d后,与清水对照相比吐絮率未表现出明显的增加;然而,药前吐絮率较低的试验点药后吐絮率增幅大,反之,吐絮率增幅小。噻苯隆和乙烯利混用对大部分试验点的产量和纤维品质无显著影响。【结论】药后14 d左右,噻苯隆和乙烯利混用的脱叶效果比较明显,不同剂量和配比之间无一致性和大的差异;催熟效果相对较差,对棉花产量和纤维品质影响不大。综合考虑脱叶催熟效果的稳定性和药剂成本,初步建议各棉区每公顷应用600 g的50%噻苯隆可湿性粉剂和3000 m L的40%乙烯利水剂进行脱叶催熟。
文摘在北疆自然条件下,以抗旱性较弱的品种新陆早17号(P17)和抗旱性较强的品种新陆早22号(P22)为试材,采用等行距密植模式,设亏缺滴灌(W1)、限量滴灌(W2)、常规滴灌(W3)处理,分析不同水分处理对棉花产量、纤维品质以及脱叶吐絮的影响。结果表明:在产量及其构成因素方面,P22的单铃重和籽棉产量比P17分别高14.4%和8.8%,但单株铃数、总铃数、皮棉产量和衣分平均低7.4%~15.9%;随滴水量的降低,P17的单株铃数、总铃数、籽棉及皮棉产量均呈显著下降趋势,但P22在W3和W2条件下产量及其构成因素无显著差异。棉纤维品质方面,P22的纤维长度、整齐度、断裂比强度、伸长率比P17高2.13%~13.87%,马克隆值低5.79%;W2和W3条件下棉花各纤维指标无显著差异,但显著优于W1处理。脱叶吐絮性状方面,P17具有较高的脱叶率、脱叶速率、叶片干枯率和倒伏率,P22的吐絮率、吐絮速率以及自然吐絮率保持较高水平;随滴水量的降低,棉花的脱叶率和脱叶速率呈降低趋势,吐絮率和吐絮速率呈增加趋势,P22的倒伏率呈降低趋势,而P17呈先降低后增加趋势,但在W3和W2条件下,棉花的脱叶吐絮效果差异不显著。因此,在等行距密植条件下,控制滴水3900~4800 m 3·hm-2并选用抗旱性较强的棉花品种,可在不显著降低产量和纤维品质的前提下,优化吐絮效果、降低倒伏率,有利于提高棉花机械采收质量。
基金funded by Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.ZR2021QC154)the Top Talents Program for One Case One Discussion of Shandong Province+2 种基金the Key science and technology plan of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2017B010116003)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-15-22)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31901411).
文摘With the development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)sprayers,the application of low-volume spraying of harvest-aid and other agrochemicals to cotton using UAVs is becoming a new agronomic trend worldwide.The effect of spray volume and canopy density for UAV spraying is significant but was rarely studied.In this study,five representative spray volumes were explored to examine the effect of spray volume on deposition and harvest-aid efficacy for cotton using a UAV sprayer.To explore the effect of canopy density,similar tests were carried out in a field located nearby with a lower leaf area index(LAI).A conventional trailer boom sprayer was selected for comparison.Different spray volumes had a significant effect on defoliation,but had no significant effect on boll opening and fiber quality.A higher defoliation rate was achieved in the lower LAI field.The total rate of defoliation using the UAV was inferior to the boom sprayer in the high LAI field for lower deposition and defoliation rate in the lower canopy.Considering the deposition,defoliation rate,and working efficiency,a spray volume of 15.0 L/hm^(2) with an average droplet size of 150μm is recommended for UAV application.