Influences of Cultural Differences on Translation of Titles of Laws

For whatever kind of literary forms, the first thing that we come into contact with is the title. The title functions as not only the eye catcher but also the summary of the context. Any legal document starts with its title and a good translation of the title lays the foundation for the interpretation of follow- up terms and conditions. However, translating titles of laws is affected by different factors, especially cultural differences, such as history, diction and conventions. Anyway, cultural impact on translation of law titles can be handled tactfully.

Conservation Laws of the Differential-Difference KP Equation

An infinite number of semi-discrete and continuous conservation laws for the differential-difference KP equation were obtained by using a solvable generalized Riccati equation.

LARGE TIME STEP GENERALIZATION OF RANDOM CHOICE FINITE DIFFERENCE SCHEME FOR HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION LAWS

A natural generalization of random choice finite difference scheme of Harten and Lax for Courant number larger than 1 is obtained. We handle interactions between neighboring Riemann solvers by linear superposition of their conserved quantities. We show consistency of the scheme for arbitrarily large Courant numbers. For scalar problems the scheme is total variation diminishing.A brief discussion is given for entropy condition.

Differences between Traditional Chinese Family Law and National Law Analysis

Chinese traditional family-based society is the legal basis for political, patriarchal hierarchy and national politics Consistent hierarchy, as represented by the family law civil law is to adjust the traditional social relations, maintaining the main legal norms of social order, Family law as one of the most important traditional Chinese society, the legal system, and the state law regulating social order constitute the dual legal structure. And its fundamental purpose is to maintain social harmony and stability of the feudal rule of order.

On the Limiting Behavior of Weighted Partial Sums for B Valued Martingale Difference Sequences

Let {Xn, n≥1} be a martingale difference sequence and {a nk , 1?k?n,n?1} an array of constant real numbers. The limiting behavior of weighted partial sums ∑ k=1 n a nk X k is investigated and some new results are obtained.

On the Conservative Finite Difference Scheme for the Generalized Novikov Equation

In this paper, we investigate a numerical method for the generalized Novikov equation. We propose a conservative finite difference scheme and use Brouwer fixed point theorem to obtain the existence of the solution of the corresponding difference equation. We also prove the convergence and stability of the solution by using the discrete energy method. Moreover, we obtain the truncation error of the difference scheme which is .

Corporate Tax Differences under the New Accounting Standards

The tax differences is the enterprise according to the provisions of accounting standards to calculate the total profit and tax calculated according to the enterprise income tax＇s tax base taxable income differences. Enterprise accounting standards and tax for the same subject for different purposes, leading to both the principle is different, as well as for the same matter measurement and confirmation of different, resulting in tax differences. In this paper, from the aspect of theory to the study of tax differences, from tax differences that the tax law and accounting purposes different proceed with, on the basis of theoretical analysis, design a regression model from empirical research on tax differences. According to the 2009,2010 and201 lthree annual sample data regression results, discussed in the new＂ accounting standards for business enterprises＂ of corporate tax difference change tendency, and according to the tax law and accounting standards caused by the different effects of tax differences for the main project correlation analysis, so as to verify the theoretical expectations.

High-order maximum-principle-preserving and positivity-preserving weighted compact nonlinear schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws

In this paper,the maximum-principle-preserving(MPP)and positivitypreserving(PP)flux limiting technique will be generalized to a class of high-order weighted compact nonlinear schemes(WCNSs)for scalar conservation laws and the compressible Euler systems in both one and two dimensions.The main idea of the present method is to rewrite the scheme in a conservative form,and then define the local limiting parameters via case-by-case discussion.Smooth test problems are presented to demonstrate that the proposed MPP/PP WCNSs incorporating a third-order Runge-Kutta method can attain the desired order of accuracy.Other test problems with strong shocks and high pressure and density ratios are also conducted to testify the performance of the schemes.

A note on strong law of large numbers of random variables

In this paper, the Chung’s strong law of large numbers is generalized to the random variables which do not need the condition of independence, while the sequence of Borel functions verifies some conditions weaker than that in Chung’s theorem. Some convergence theorems for martingale difference sequence such as Lp martingale difference sequence are the particular cases of results achieved in this paper. Finally, the convergence theorem for A-summability of sequence of random variables is proved, where A is a suitable real infinite matrix.

Origin, Alternative Expressions of Newcomb-Benford Law and Deviations of Digit Frequencies

The Newcomb-Benford law, which describes the uneven distribution of the frequencies of digits in data sets, is by its nature probabilistic. Therefore, the main goal of this work was to derive formulas for the permissible deviations of the above frequencies (confidence intervals). For this, a previously developed method was used, which represents an alternative to the traditional approach. The alternative formula expressing the Newcomb-Benford law is re-derived. As shown in general form, it is numerically equivalent to the original Benford formula. The obtained formulas for confidence intervals for Benford’s law are shown to be useful for checking arrays of numerical data. Consequences for numeral systems with different bases are analyzed. The alternative expression for the frequencies of digits at the second decimal place is deduced together with the corresponding deviation intervals. In general, in this approach, all the presented results are a consequence of the positionality property of digital systems such as decimal, binary, etc.

著作权法上独创性概念的澄清与重释

由于个性、创造性、智力劳动等概念比较抽象,一部作品是否具有独创性通常取决于预设的私人立场。这种判定模式会不合理地损害著作权保护的预期。从我国的作品定义看,独创性是一部作品区别于其他作品的内在尺度。独创性既表明了特定作品的特有属性,又表达了与其相关的权益归属。这一内涵与著作权法的内外价值一致。依此逻辑,独创性是指作品的相对差异,并暗示作品进入市场的机会与作品价值的二分。按照相对差异标准,作者享有依照著作权法提出保护的应然权利。

数字经济地方立法的统一与差异

我国数字经济领域的地方立法发展迅速,已形成综合立法和专门立法两大类型,对其可从立法名称、立法地域、立法时间、立法宗旨、立法内容、促进手段等进行多维比较,从而梳理其中存在的统一与差异。在地方立法与国家立法、国家政策之间,以及地方立法相互之间,都存在统一与差异问题,应在法治框架下,分析需要推进的统一,以及应当允许保留的差异,由此有助于理解地方立法相关制度安排的共性与个性、必要性与可行性、合理性与合法性等问题,从而在求同与存异的过程中,不断完善数字经济领域的地方立法,推动公平竞争和统一大市场建设,进而为国家立法提供可借鉴的经验,并为推动整体数字经济领域的良法善治、提炼数字经济的立法理论和法治理论奠定基础。

黏弹性纳米流体在垂直板上的自然对流与传热分析

基于分数阶Maxwell模型和分数阶Fourier定律构建黏弹性纳米流体在垂直板上的非定常二维边界层自然对流与传热控制方程,利用有限差分和L1算法获得数值稳定解,对不同物理参数下的速度、温度、平均表面摩擦系数和平均Nusselt数的变化趋势进行图形化分析。结果显示,速度和温度边界层均表现出短暂记忆和延迟特性;速度分数导数参数削弱了自然对流,而速度松弛时间的影响却相反;温度分数导数参数削弱了自然对流和热传导,而温度松弛时间的影响却相反。

我国兽用生物制品与人用生物制品国家管理体系的差异

近年来,随着我国畜牧养殖业的迅速发展、动物源性食品安全和兽医公共卫生安全受到前所未有的重视,我国兽用生物制品产业也取得了长足的进步。兽用生物制品和人用生物制品由于在起始材料、生产工艺和生物学用途上的诸多相似性,包括我国在内的世界上许多国家均采用共同或相似的管理体系。从国家职能机构、法律法规和管理方式等方面宏观的比较了我国兽用生物制品和人用生物制品国家管理体系的异同,分析了这些异同点产生的原因并简要指出了我国兽用生物制品管理的发展方向。

隧洞平行摄影测量立体影像尺度差估计及匹配优化

为提升平行摄影隧洞序列影像的同名点匹配率及精度,对成像规律及匹配方法展开研究。提出了一种窗口尺度自动改正的LK光流法,核心是利用物像空间关系构建尺度差模型,并采用可变窗口进行特征点光流跟踪。结果表明:隧洞序列影像像点尺度差呈对称性径向分布,差异值符合幂函数模型增长趋势;将该方法应用在多组尺度差立体像对的匹配实验中,均取得了优于0.3个像素精度的实验结果,较基本光流法至少提升34.3%,最大提升45.5%。研究成果可为顾及尺度差的匹配方法提供参考,也可为隧洞平行摄影立体影像匹配提供基础。

民国初年民事“第一法源”的确立——民初大理院对“现行律民事有效部分”的形塑

学界普遍认为《大清现行刑律》民事部分的效力由1912年4月3日南京临时参议院的决议所确立,但梳理史料却能得出不同的结论。原因在于,该决议由南方政权作出且并未被北洋政府承认,故民事法源的空白未在立法层面得到解决。“现行律民事有效部分”的确立,离不开大理院在“司法兼营立法”过程中的塑造。民初民事“第一法源”的确立,大致经历了通过《大清民律草案》的尝试与挫败、大理院确立“现行律民事有效部分”的地位、剥离《大清现行刑律》刑法属性及该律地位的巩固等阶段。纵观民事“第一法源”的确立,自清末兴起的“诸法合体说”起了关键作用,大理院根据该观点将《大清现行刑律》区分为不同的部门法,既解决了“无法可依”的困境,又避免另立新民法将会遭受的阻力。

解法典时代的立法模式变革与反思

囿于立法观念与方法误区,我国正在进行的解法典虽然带来了立法数量的大幅度增长,却未能促进法治效能的根本提升,反而造成了法体系的肥大化、法规范的竞合化与法教义的稀薄化,引发整体法秩序的解体危机。为最大化发挥特别法的规范效用与创造潜能,当下的解法典化立法应跳出以法律部门为界限的诸法分立模式,转向以规范领域为中心的诸法融合模式,这种模式不是中国古代“刑主民次”法制模式的翻版,而是适应中国式法治现代化的“民行刑一体化”新模式。以解法典为契机,立法者的价值立场应从“增量立法”走向“增质立法”,在反思积极立法观的基础上,重新回归审慎立法观,以此重整碎片化的法秩序,有效推进中国式法治现代化建设。

不同采收期新疆疏花蔷薇果化学成分的积累规律分析

采用紫外可见分光光度法测定了不同采收期新疆疏花蔷薇果中总多酚、总黄酮、总多糖、总有机酸和总氨基酸的含量,并通过主成分分析、聚类分析和相关性分析探究了各成分的动态积累规律。结果表明,不同采收期疏花蔷薇果中总多酚、总黄酮、总多糖、总有机酸、总氨基酸的含量呈现一定的波动趋势,样品S6中总多酚、总黄酮含量最高,分别为113.12 mg·g^(-1)、141.47 mg·g^(-1);样品S7中总多糖、总有机酸、总氨基酸含量最高,分别为304.37 mg·g^(-1)、25.43 mg·g^(-1)、19.13 mg·g^(-1);主成分PC1、PC2的累积方差贡献率为91.024%;不同采收期疏花蔷薇果的综合得分排名顺序为:S6>S7>S5>S3>S2>S1>S4;根据聚类分析可将不同采收期疏花蔷薇果分为3类,与主成分分析结果基本一致;疏花蔷薇果的适宜采收期为9月中旬。

Some Convergence Properties for Weighted Sums of Martingale Difference Random Vectors

Let{X_(ni),F_(ni);1≤i≤n,n≥1}be an array of R^(d)martingale difference random vectors and{A_(ni),1≤i≤n,n≥1}be an array of m×d matrices of real numbers.In this paper,the Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund type weak law of large numbers for maximal weighted sums of martingale difference random vectors is obtained with not necessarily finite p-th(1<p<2)moments.Moreover,the complete convergence and strong law of large numbers are established under some mild conditions.An application to multivariate simple linear regression model is also provided.

环境规制如何影响制造业企业ESG水平?——基于新《环保法》的准自然实验

制造业作为中国主要生产部门,排污耗能问题突出。在“绿色制造”加速推进下探究其面对日益趋严的环境规制如何转型升级具有重要意义。基于此,以新《环保法》为例从制造业企业ESG(环境-社会-治理)表现角度实证高强度环境规制对其可持续发展具有正向影响且主要通过推动数字技术应用、缓解融资约束及降低外部竞争等渠道发挥作用。该研究不仅从企业长期发展目标层面补充新《环保法》是否有效的实证检验,且综合企业内外部视角剖析高强度环境规制的作用机制。