SWOT Analysis and Development Strategies for Chinese Farmers' Professional Cooperatives

With the development of China＇s market economy, the agricultural products＇ market has changed from the seller＇s market into the buyer＇s market. Therefore, the limitations of the household contract responsibility system gradually appeared. The farmers professional cooperatives not only covered the limitations but also effectively connected the small-scale farmers with the competitive market by increasing the farmers＇ organizational degree. However, during the development process of farmers＇ professional cooperatives, many problems were exposed. By using SWOT analysis belonging to the field of enterprise strategic management, this paper discussed the opportunities and threats of the external environment, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment of Chinese farmers＇ professional cooperatives. Thereby, it proposed some development strategies for Chinese farmers professional cooperatives in the current stage .

Willingness of Farmers Joining Professional Cooperatives——Based on the Questionnaire Survey of Nanjing

Based on the questionnaire survey of farmers in Nanjing City,the research analyzes the influencing factors of farmers' willingness joining professional cooperatives with Binary Logistic model.Results show that variable factors such as:labors,degrees of education,levels of awareness,development of judgments,have positive relation to the willingness of farmers joining professional cooperatives;gender and financial demands are negative related to willingness of farmers joining professional cooperatives;variable factors,such as ages,degrees of education,numbers of farmers,scale of land,generation experience,specific investment and fluctuations of prices,the estimated parameters of which are not significant.At last,the paper points out that the 2 important ways in accelerating the development of professional cooperatives are:the first is to accelerate the capital accumulation of advanced farmers and strengthen the scaled degrees of agricultural management.The second is to promote the information and techniques accumulation speed of professional farmers to strengthen people's awareness and confidence.

Advantages,Difficulties and Countermeasures of Farmers’ Professional Cooperatives Guaranteeing the Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products

Food safety concerns the health of consumers,while quality and safety of agricultural products are the source of food safety,and it is of great significance to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.The decentralized production mode of Chinese farmers is the main threat to the source of food production safety in China.In this paper,the advantages of Chinese farmers'professional cooperatives in controlling quality of agricultural products and difficulties in the quality and safety assurance of agricultural products are analyzed.Finally,the guaranteeing measures of the quality and safety of agricultural products by Chinese farmers'professional cooperatives are proposed.

Operation Mechanism of Farmers' Professional Cooperatives from the Point of Low-Carbon Agricultural Products

We firstly take a look at internal logic of cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products.In combination with operation features of farmers' professional cooperatives and actual requirements for cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products;we elaborate establishing benefit allocation mechanism,bearing education and training functions,forming low-carbon value,building low-carbon identification system,as well as realizing low-carbon value.According to these situations,we systematically analyze operation mechanism of farmers' professional cooperatives suitable for cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products.To promote cluster development of low-carbon agricultural products,we put forward following suggestions,including government guidance and encouragement,social acceptance and active cooperation,and integration into global low-carbon development system to share benefit of low-carbon development.

Exploration of Problems in Developing Jilin Farmers' Professional Cooperatives

Establishment of farmers' professional cooperatives is an effective approach of settling conflicts between small-scale production of rural households and great market, however, there are still many problems such as low level of standardization, unscientific market positioning, poor capacity of mitigating risks, and unfavorable ecological benefits. This study, based on field investigation data and successful support experience, further explored operation and management problems existing in Jilin Farming Cooperative, and proposed pertinent solutions so as to enhance the high-efficiency and standard operation of farmers' professional cooperatives in Jilin Province and even China.

Management Models and Development Strategies of the Farmers’ Professional Cooperatives in the Western Poor Counties and Regions of China: A Case Study of Long’an County,Guangxi

In the new era,an important task is how farmers’professional cooperatives to better adapt to new development environment and effectively solve the problems that"who will cultivate land"and"who does agriculture depend on"in the future.In this paper,model and development direction of farmers’professional cooperatives in Long’an County of Guangxi are analyzed and studied based on realistic development background of Guangxi.

Study on Construction of Service-oriented Government at Grass-roots Level and Development of Farmers' Professional Cooperatives

Features of farmers' professional cooperatives in China are introduced.The establishment of these organizations is spontaneous.Their operation shows self-government.And their targets are highly pertinent.Then,I analyze the existing problems in farmers' professional cooperatives and vacancy of government functions.These cooperatives are single in content,narrow in service field,not scientific in management mode,and low in efficiency.In addition,government policy support is not put in place for these cooperatives.In view of these situations,firstly,it is proposed to speed up construction of service-oriented government at grass-roots level and promote development of farmers' professional cooperatives.Secondly,it is suggested to set up awareness of service-oriented government and enhance guidance and service for farmers' professional cooperatives.Thirdly,we should increase financial support and guide these organizations to achieve a benign development.Fourthly,we should strengthen propaganda to raise popularity and influence power of these organizations.Fifthly,it is recommended to make clear the guidance and leading functions of regional supply and marketing cooperatives to raise service efficiency.Finally,we should establish scientific evaluation and incentive system to push forward healthy development of farmers' professional cooperatives.

Legislative Perfection of Governance Structure of Farmer Professional Cooperatives in China

The development of modern agriculture can not be separated from the development of farmer professional cooperatives,and the core of sustainable development of the cooperatives lies in the formation of relatively perfect governance structure.Chapter IV of Law on Farmer Professional Cooperatives of People's Republic of China stipulates the organization structure of cooperatives.However,because of historical reasons and limitation of legislative techniques,there is much omission in the institutional regulation of cooperative governance.Due to inadequate system supply of farmer professional cooperatives and deficiency in related rights and obligations,normative guidance can not be provided for the governance practice of farmer professional cooperatives in China,thereby leading to the inefficiency of cooperative management.Therefore,it is imminent to revise the law.

Analysis on the Guarantee for the Quality Safety of Agricultural Products by the Farmer Professional Cooperative

Decentralized production model of small peasant household is main threat for China food safety source. By using the advantage of farmer professional cooperative in controlling the quality of agricultural products,its dilemma at the guarantee aspect of agricultural product quality safety is analyzed,and the guaranteeing measures of farmer professional cooperative for quality safety of agricultural products are proposed,which has an important significance for improving quality safety of agricultural products.

Research on Agricultural Co-efficiency of Farmer Professional Cooperative Unions

Various farmer professional cooperative unions( FPCUs) have emerged and flourished along with the development of rural economy in recent years. Compared with the independent cooperatives,the FPCUs can integrate the union's structure and have more cooperation in business. In a wider range,it can also let every member of the union exchange the market information efficiently,and adjust the circulation of cash products,share the technology,generate a mechanism to complement each other's advantages and help each other. The basic situation and effects of farmer professional cooperative unions in Jingzhou City of Hubei Province are analyzed in this paper,by selecting Jing Chu Fu Min Agricultural Cooperative Union,Jianli Fu Wa San Feng Farmer Specialized Cooperative Union and Honghu Chun Lu Agricultural Cooperative Union as typical cases. The prominent problems in the agricultural cooperation are analyzed emphatically,and then the corresponding measures and suggestions are put forward.

种粮农户参与农民专业合作社的效应评价及其异质性分析——基于10省农户调研数据

参与农民专业合作社是农户顺应现代农业发展的重要表现,提高种粮农民的粮食生产效益更是确保粮食供给和粮食安全的重要基础.利用全国10省份1027户微观调查数据,实证检验加入农民专业合作社对农户粮食生产效益的影响及作用机理,并分析其异质性效应.研究发现,参与专业合作社能够显著提升农户粮食生产效益,使用工具变量法缓解内生性问题和通过一系列稳健性检验后,研究结论仍然成立.机制分析表明,参与专业合作社主要通过降低粮食生产成本、提升经营风险分散能力和推动农地规模流转等渠道增加入社农户粮食生产效益.交互项结果显示,机耕机收服务与以土地入股专业合作社对农户粮食生产效益的提升作用最为明显.异质性分析表明,参与专业合作社对不同农地经营规模农户的粮食生产效益影响呈“U”形;对家庭成员平均受教育程度较低农户、接受过农业技能培训的农户以及种养结合型农户的粮食生产增效作用更大.

黑龙江省贫困县产业扶贫特征研究

基于ArcGIS空间分析平台,采用核密度分析法、渔网与网格分析法、地理探测器等方法,对黑龙江省28个贫困县进行产业扶贫空间特征与影响力特征研究,研究发现:在空间上,农民专业合作社的集聚程度逐渐降低,关联制造业企业呈现出以县域为单位的中心集聚特征。在扶贫效果上,农民专业合作社高于关联制造业,且农副食品加工业、食品制造业等是黑龙江省贫困县农民专业合作社的主要配套制造业部门。

中国农民专业合作社可持续经营能力:时代内涵、实证测算与时空演变

农民专业合作社作为现代农业经营体系中的核心组织形态,其可持续经营能力对于维系农业生产的长远稳健与提升市场竞争力具有重要意义。立足于农民专业合作社可持续经营能力的时代内涵,构建一套科学、全面、多维度的农民专业合作社可持续经营能力评价指标体系后,实证测算了2017—2022年全国范围内27个省(区、市)农民专业合作社可持续经营能力水平,并借助莫兰指数(Moran′s I)分析其空间相关性,深入剖析了全国27个省(区、市)农民专业合作社可持续经营能力水平的动态演变情况与区域间差异。研究发现:我国27个省(区、市)农民专业合作社的可持续经营能力整体呈显著的上升趋势,其中市场运营能力和服务社会能力增长最为明显;农民专业合作社可持续经营能力存在显著的区域差异性,中部地区增长幅度最大,中部和西部地区表现优于东部和东北地区;地理位置相近的省(区、市)农民专业合作社可持续经营能力呈现出一定的空间聚集特性,并且具有显著空间依赖性。受新冠疫情影响,2020—2022年间农民专业合作社可持续经营能力呈下降趋势,2017—2022年莫兰指数整体呈倒“U”型趋势。建议采取创新农民专业合作社可持续经营模式、推动农民专业合作社区域协调发展以及发挥农民专业合作社空间聚集效应等措施,进一步强化我国农民专业合作社可持续经营能力。

我国农业绿色发展现状、成效及问题

农业绿色发展是实现农业可持续发展的重要路径,对于促进生态文明建设和保障人民健康具有重要意义。采用归纳演绎法、案例分析法等方法,探讨了我国农业绿色发展的现状、成效、问题及创新路径。首先,从概念、发展历程、流派及各地农业绿色发展等方面,阐述了我国农业绿色发展的现状。其次,总结了政策法律体系健全、财政支持力度加大和化学品投入减少等方面的成效,分析了农业绿色发展面临的主要问题,包括地域发展不均衡、绿色农产品价格优势不显著、人才紧缺和流失,以及市场体系不健全等。最后,提出完善农业绿色体系、建立农业绿色数字体系、促进互联网农业发展及推进供给侧结构性改革以促进农民专业合作社发展等创新路径,以期为相关政策的制定提供参考,推动我国农业绿色发展。

“企业 + 农民专业合作社 + 农户”的发展模式助力乡村产业发展

产业兴旺是乡村振兴的重要基础,只有产业兴旺了,乡村振兴才有强大的物质基础。“企业+农民专业合作社+农户”作为一种优势互补、互利共赢的发展模式,对于目前乡村产业的发展具有极大的积极作用。文章具体分析了“企业+农民专业合作社+农户”发展模式的运行逻辑,针对目前乡村产业发展中存在的产业结构单一、产业竞争力弱、人才资源流失等问题,提出积极采取“企业+农民专业合作社+农户”的发展模式。此发展模式对乡村产业发展有显著的积极作用:丰富产业结构,促进产业融合;提高组织能力,促进产业发展;培育农村人才,促进农民增收。“企业+农民专业合作社+农户”的发展模式能够充分发挥各方优势,促进乡村产业的融合发展;各方共建乡村产业、共享发展收益,促进乡村产业的可持续发展。

新制度背景下农民专业合作社会计核算现状及问题研究——基于黑龙江省铁力市的调研

农民专业合作社是发展农村经济的重要载体,能够有效整合乡村资源,助力乡村振兴,但是,社员和财务人员专业水平有限,导致会计核算问题较为突出。为此,文章以新施行的会计制度为背景,采用对比分析的方法,以铁力市农民专业合作社为对象进行会计核算研究。文章调研分析发现,农民专业合作社对修订后的制度运用仍处于初期阶段,还存在会计科目使用不恰当、财务报表编制不准确和会计工作不规范等问题。最后基于发现的问题展开成因分析,进而提出有针对性的对策建议。

ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITY,VALUE EVOLUTION,AND ORGANIZATIONAL INTEGRATION OF PROFESSIONAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURSHIP:A MULTI-CASE COMPARISON IN CHINA

A comparative multi-case analysis of professional farmer entrepreneurship cases in China was performed by applying the structural hole theory.The results confirmed four views.(1)Choosing the modern agriculture project entrepreneurship is rational for professional farmers,who return from urban,to reduce the interference from non-market factors.The success of this project stems from its ability to successfully occupy the structural hole of the market trading network.(2)In economically developed areas,professional farmers start their businesses and reduce transaction costs with factors by occupying‘self-benefit’or‘mutual-benefit’structural holes in market networks.(3)In traditional agricultural areas,for reducing factor transaction costs,professional farmers occupy the organizational-governance structural hole of rural social relationship networks and the mutual-benefit structural hole of market networks to start their businesses.(4)The embedding order of these two structural holes will change depending on the differences in the local resource endowment.This article proposes some suggestions to encourage professional farmers to develop featured agricultural projects,build a close benefit-linked mechanism with smallholders through the provision of socialized services,and participate in the governance of rural communities.

农户资源差异性程度及其对农民专业合作社本质的认知影响研究——以湖南省益阳市赫山区和衡东县为例

农民专业合作社是小农户链接大市场以及实现农业规模经营的有效载体,农户之间资源差异性程度显著与否,极大地影响着农户对合作社本质的认知。运用访谈式调查和问卷调查法对湖南省衡东县和益阳市赫山区泥江口镇范围内农户的人力、自然、资金和社会等资源进行了调查,测定出其资源差异性平均指数、组合指数和综合指数均在5倍左右,表明当地农户资源差异性程度较大。采用有序Probit模型回归分析得出:影响农户对合作社本质的认知的资源因素中,外出务工经历、所处地区对其认知产生了正向的显著影响,而户主性别、收入水平则对其有着负向的显著影响。此外,农户社会资源与对村委会的态度等因素也有明显影响。最后从基层政府、村委会和农户自身三方面为提高农户对合作社本质的认知提出了相关建议。

兵团棉花种植专业合作社功能发挥现状调查分析

不断完善和充分发挥棉花种植专业合作社功能,是促进兵团棉花提质增效和产业高质量发展的重要途径。文章基于2个师11个团场26家棉花合作社、141位社员的实地调查数据,分析了兵团棉花种植专业合作社功能供需情况,并对合作社功能的丰度、广度和深度进行了测度。结果表明:兵团棉花合作社信息与技术服务功能发展较好;从功能多元化层面看,合作社普遍具备了五项以上功能,整体发展水平处于中上等;统购生产资料服务虽覆盖率不高,但社员满意度较高;合作社普遍存在资金缺乏问题,制约其他功能发展;因合作社创办时间短等原因,统一加工和包装、统一品牌、提供最低收购价功能发挥不足。最后,从强化信息与技术服务供给、提升生产资料统一购买服务覆盖率、加大资金扶持力度、完善加工销售环节等方面提出优化棉花合作社功能的政策建议。

丘陵山区农民专业合作社时空扩展特征及驱动力分析——以重庆市江津区为例

为探究农业生产向现代化转型背景下合作社的区位选择与建设、发展,促进不同类型合作社的精准培育,研究选取重庆市江津区作为研究区,基于江津区2005—2019年合作社微观面板数据,采用最近邻指数、核密度、标准差椭圆、地理探测器,分析了合作社时空扩展特征及其驱动力。结果表明:(1)合作社发展呈现3个增长阶段,2005—2010年起步缓慢增长,2011—2015年稳步快速增长,2016—2019年成熟缓慢增长;(2)在空间上显著聚集,集中分布于中西部地区。不同产业类型和种养规模分类下各类合作社空间分布均呈显著聚集;(3)合作社整体呈西北—东南分布并向东南方扩张;(4)乡村劳动力和交通运输是影响合作社空间分异的主要驱动力,如对果蔬、粮油、畜禽、综合、花椒和服务类合作社影响最大是乡村劳动力,而对特色类合作社影响最大的是交通运输。综上,江津区农民专业合作社随时间变化数量呈阶段性增长,空间分布显著聚集且向东南方扩张,社会经济因素对其空间分异的影响大于自然因素。