Sporting Usefulness Potential of Nine Local Taxa of Grasses for Lawns in the Agro-Ecological Zone with Bimodal Rainfall in Cameroon

The Cameroonian flora has a very high biodiversity that remains largely unexplored. It contains many grasses that can be used for sports lawns, but are currently underutilized. In order to contribute to the improvement of the quality of sports lawns, nine local grass taxa from the agro-ecological zone with bimodal rainfall in Cameroon were evaluated for their potential for sporting use in natural lawns. The method of the Study and Control Group for Varieties and Seeds was used to evaluate the sports lawn characteristics of the taxa. The resistance to trampling and pulling, the density of the lawn, and the aesthetic appearance, which are factors in calculating the sports index, were monitored at two sites, including the experimental space at the University of Yaounde 1 in the Center region and Kagnol 2 in the East region, from January 2017 to January 2020. The monthly lawn characteristic data allowed for the differentiation between the means and the determination of the sports index of the taxa compared to commercialized lawn varieties. The sports index of the evaluated taxa varied: Cynodon dactylon (6.989), Eleusine indica (6.338), Sporobolus natalensis (6.301), Cynodon cf Cynodon dactylon (6.257), Eragrostis tremula (5.939), Sporobolus pyramidalis (5.583), Agrostis rupestris (5.335), Axonopus compressus (4.991), and Digitaria sp. (4.544). These results show that these grass taxa have potential for sporting use in lawn mixtures at different levels of sports disciplines.

Analysis of Application Status and Recommendations for Shade-Tolerant Lawns and Ground Cover Plants in the West Lake Scenic Area

Taking 8 parks in Xihu Scenic Area as the survey objects, this study found that there are 77 kinds of shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover plants under the forest in good growth condition, and there are 3 types of application forms: dense forest, sparse forest and forest edge. In response to the existing problems, it is proposed that it is necessary to adhere to principles of ecology, adapt to local conditions and plant suitable varieties in accordance with local conditions, develop and use new varieties of wild shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover plants, and strengthen the promotion of the mixed planting model of shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover plants, so as to provide guidance for the better use of shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover under the forest in the West Lake Scenic Area in the future.

美国Lawn式校园规划在近代中国的移植与转译

19世纪初美国Lawn式校园规划日渐成熟,它以其规整有序、自由开放的鲍扎式空间受到欢迎,成为19至20世纪美国校园的主导模式,并随着文化交流,于20世纪初来到中国。近代中国的校园规划在延续其基本构图形制的同时,也着力寻求中国传统文化语境下的现代大学校园规划形制。对这一过程加以研究有助于有效建立我国校园规划在世界规划历史中的位置,理解校园规划方案的历史、人文、社会内涵,为如今不断扩张、兴建的大学校园规划提供历史思考,为制定现代大学校园的保护提供历史依据。

Brief Study on Application of New Indoor Lawn in Northern Areas of China

At present,the development and function research of lawn has become diversified,and the application of lawn has been extended from outdoor to indoor environment. The indoor lawn has functions of absorbing toxic and harmful gases,releasing oxygen,increasing air humidity and regulating temperature. It can effectively improve the indoor air quality of northern areas,purify and beautify the home environment.This paper elaborated the purpose and significance of the application of new indoor lawn,the establishment methods of the indoor lawn,and the application design of the indoor lawn landscape.

STUDY ON THE INTRODUCTION OF LAWN PLANTS AND THE TECHNOLOGY OF PLANTING THEM IN NINGXIA'S ARID AREA

Ningxia lies inland in China. Its annual rainfall is from 130 mm to 380 mm. It lies inthe arid and semiarid areas of the midtemperate zone. Dry climate, sand blown by thewind, common salinization and scattered plants are the main climatic characteristics. So itis very important for the afforestation, environmental protection and management of

Determinants of Households’ Adoption of Organic Pesticides for Lawns and Gardens

This study investigates organic pesticide adoption in residential lawn care management, incorporating determinants based on a synthesis of multiple literatures. A mail survey using the Dillman method was conducted in Missouri in 2014 with a random sample of 2000 single-family households (44.1% effective response rate). The data indicate an adoption rate of 17.7% for organic pesticides. This unique dataset also allows us to differentiate distinct non-adopters by familiarity with the practice as well as non-use of any pesticides. Multinomial logit regressions find environmental concerns, awareness of neighbor’s opinions, and gardening behaviors as significant determinants. The effects on relative probability of being an adopter are large: 18 times more likely for people with serious environmental concerns or 5 times more likely for those spending more than 15 hours per month on lawn care.

Planting and Maintenance Strategy of Cold Season Lawn

At present, the scale of landscaping projects continues to expand, and lawn is a common construction project. The planting and maintenance of cold season lawn is crucial, which has great influence on the effect of landscaping projects. The paper expounds the planting methods of cold season lawn, then puts forward maintenance strategies from the aspects of timely pruning, reasonable irrigation, watering, pest control, etc., and finally summarizes the content of the full text.

For Wang Zhaomei. Happiness Is a Well-Tended Lawn

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Status and Perspectives of the Researches on Lawn

There is a rapid development of lawn industry, however, the researches on lawn culture, maintenance and its mechanisms lag behind. Studies of drought-resistance, fertilization, management and maintenance of lawn are discussed in this paper. Besides, problems with the research on lawn culture and its maintenance in China are also analyzed. For example, soil has been destroyed seriously by the production of wrapping sward, but the studies on turf medium are deficient. Besides, the maintenance and management of lawn have not a standard due to the shortage of studies on turf quality assessment; applications of high-technique to lawn sciences are inadequate too. The developing tendency of lawn research in China is suggested at the end of this paper to help for the further studies in this field.

Weed Occurrence and Chemical Control Test in Public Lawn of Suzhou Urban Area of China

Weed occurrence and damage in public green lawn of Suzhou urban area was assessed using five-grade weed visual survey method. The occurrence and damage of weeds in public green lawn of Suzhou City was very common. There were totally 67 species of weeds in green lawn,with the density of 6. 5 plant/m2,the relative abundance of 7. 6%,the relative coverage of 10. 3%,the relative height and the occurrence frequency of 100%,and the overall damage level of weeds was above the forth level. There were 14 species of major weeds causing damage,and 15 species of weeds were found to pose regional damage. Haloxyfop-R-methyl or Ping'an-14 could be applied to control grassy weeds in clover lawns,with the herbicidal effect above 90%. MCPA,fluroxypyr,or clopyralid could be administrated alone to control broadleaf weeds in Cynodon dactylon or Festuca elata lawn,with the herbicidal effect above 85%. Since the weed species in weed communities of lawn were different,the types of herbicides should be targeted,or SD additives could be added to improve the herbicidal effect.

多场次模拟暴雨下3种草坪坡地微塑料迁移特征

[目的]探明降雨径流和水分入渗下的微塑料在坡地草坪内的迁移特征,为草坪截存微塑料估算及城市草坪选择提供依据。[方法]通过人工模拟多场暴雨,在径流小区上研究了3种坡地草坪微塑料的径流迁移和土内垂直迁移特征。[结果]绝大多数微塑料保留在草地内;微塑料迁移量随着径流的增加和消减阶段而相应变化,但径流稳定阶段微塑料迁移量呈波动式下降趋势;随着降雨场次的增加,微塑料迁移量及其波动显著降低;微塑料粒径减小其径流迁移量增大,但小于0.5 mm后微塑料迁移量无差异。微塑料向土内最大迁移深度集中在15 cm内;随着降雨场次增加,迁移深度无明显增加;迁移粒径主要是<0.25 mm的微塑料,但其10 cm以下迁移量不足0—5 cm的1%,0—5 cm土壤内微塑料在上坡位淋失,在下坡位富集。[结论]微塑料迁移与径流过程和水分入渗规律并不完全一致,且短期降雨引起的微塑料水平和垂直迁移比较少,白三叶草地微塑料的迁移量最少,黑麦草草地最多,狗牙根的水平迁移和垂直迁移量居中。

景观种植设计中缀花草坪的设计要点

缀花草坪是一种景观设计概念,通过在草坪上巧妙地融入花卉、灌木和其他植物,创造出多样化、有趣和美丽的环境。本文介绍了缀花草坪的概念、景观种植设计中的混合原则、品种选择、养护要点以及施工方案。在景观种植设计中,缀花草坪的混合原则包括生态原则、模拟自然和色彩搭配。缀花草坪的品种选择主要分为纯野花组合、以野花为主的组合和以草坪为主体的组合。在缀花草坪设计的养护要点中,涉及浇水、施肥、修剪、间苗、杂草防除和病虫害防治等方面。最后,缀花草坪设计的施工方案包括土方造型、种植层铺设、播种和覆盖无纺布等步骤。通过这些施工方案,可以有效实现设计理念,打造出独具特色的缀花草坪景观。

多传感器融合的割草机器人障碍物检测方法

为了提高割草机器人自主作业时的环境感知能力,提出一种基于相机和低成本固态激光雷达融合的障碍物检测方法.首先,基于改进的DBSCAN聚类算法,得到一种可自适应确定聚类参数的KANN-DBSCAN算法,利用该算法对固态激光雷达采集到的三维点云聚类分析,得到障碍物点云并通过相机和固态激光雷达联合标定结果投影到二维图像上;其次,基于SSD目标检测网络完成障碍物样本训练,并对图像信息进行检测识别;最后,为了避免因光线不足或远距离雷达点云稀疏聚类困难,导致视觉或雷达检测性能受限,提出一种优势互补的目标级信息融合策略.试验结果表明:所提信息融合策略在融合两传感器检测结果的基础上,有效避免了环境条件改变单一传感器检测性能受限时,环境感知出现的漏检和误检,经过信息融合后的障碍物综合检出率约为87.5%,相较于单一传感器具有很大的提高,使环境感知信息更加全面可靠.

硝酸钾配施发酵饼肥对景观草坪坪用质量的影响

通过研究硝酸钾配施发酵饼肥对草地早熟禾草坪坪用质量影响的规律,可以为城市园林草坪养护的科学施肥提供理论依据。试验在城市环境条件下,设置对照(CK)、硝酸钾(K_(1))、硝酸钾+发酵饼肥(K_(2))、硝酸钾+腐殖酸复混肥(K_(3))4个处理,小区试验设计,3次重复。结果表明:6月,K_(1)处理分蘖密度、株高、叶长、叶绿素含量均显著高于CK、K_(2)和K_(3)处理;7-10月,K_(2)分蘖密度显著高于CK、K_(1)和K_(3),6-8月K_(1)与K_(3)均显著高于CK;6-10月,K_(2)处理盖度显著高于CK,6-7月和9-10月K_(2)显著高于K_(1);7-10月K_(2)株高和叶长均显著高于CK,8月和10月K_(2)显著高于K_(1);7月、8月和10月,K_(2)处理叶宽显著高于对照;7-10月,K_(2)处理叶绿素含量和植株鲜重均显著高于CK,K_(2)显著高于K_(3)。综合分析认为,在现有施肥量基础上硝酸钾与发酵饼肥配合施用有利于显著提高草地早熟禾草坪坪用质量。

高湿竹屑替代商品草炭生产无土草坪的研究

【目的】开发替代商品草炭的无土草坪栽培基质,减少草坪生产中耕地的破坏以及资源消耗,降低生产成本,并实现竹材废弃物资源化利用。【方法】将新鲜竹屑(含水量60%)分别进行堆贮处理和堆肥处理,分析其理化性质,再进行草坪栽培试验,设置6个处理:CK1(草炭)、CK2(草炭+无纺布)、A1(堆贮竹屑)、A2(堆贮竹屑+无纺布)、B1(堆肥竹屑)、B2(堆肥竹屑+无纺布);进一步设置草炭与堆贮竹屑的不同混合体积比:100∶0、75∶25、50∶50、25∶75、0∶100,进行黑麦草栽培试验,观测草坪草生长情况及草坪综合质量。【结果】堆贮竹屑比堆肥处理的更适合用作草坪栽培基料,配合使用无纺布可提升草皮成卷率。商品草炭与堆贮竹屑体积比50∶50的草坪质量评分更高。【结论】堆贮竹屑可替代50%的商品草炭进行草坪无土栽培,有利于草坪草生长,并可节约资源,有效降低生产成本。

改进灰狼优化算法的草坪修剪机器人路径规划

为解决传统灰狼算法(GWO)用于全覆盖路径规划草坪修剪作业时易陷入局部最优、收敛速度慢、迭代次数高、除草效率低等问题,提出了启发式混沌算子灰狼优化算法(CGWO)。通过对GWO算法融入启发式思想与Tent混沌映射后,加入自适应的参数调节策略,调节加速因子及不同控制参数以增加搜索过程中的随机性,帮助算法跳出局部最优解,获得更好的全局搜索能力。仿真分析发现:改进后的灰狼优化算法即CGWO算法比GWO、PSO(粒子群算法)算法的路径成本、迭代次数、耗时更优,且路径更平滑。在3种草坪环境下,进行实车试验。结果表明:CGWO算法提高了全覆盖效率和除草效率,试验结果优于GWO和PSO算法。

基于Unity3D的草坪毯修补机器人半物理仿真系统

机电一体化纺织机械的研发普遍存在现场调试工作量大、周期长及成本高等问题,针对目前主流仿真软件存在的三维展示效果差,或实时性不足,或无法连接机械电子软件进行综合仿真等缺点,研究设计了一套半物理仿真系统。基于Unity3D虚拟现实引擎搭建了仿真平台,以仿真电路板为载体,实现了虚拟机械与控制系统间数据的实时交互;以草坪毯自动修补机器人为仿真对象,证明该半物理仿真系统具有较好的实时性及三维展示效果;通过输出修补机器人关键结构的运动时序图、空间轨迹图,验证了修补机器人机电系统的工艺仿真可行性,可替代部分现场调试工作,减少工作量、缩短研发周期、节约成本,提高设备的研发效率。

纯电动新能源割草机的车速控制

基于一款纯电动新能源割草机的整机行走驱动系统开发,介绍一种控制割草机行走驱动的驱动方式和车速控制策略。主要从整机驱动方式的构型和驱动过程中车速及车辆转向的控制方法和控制策略等方面进行了阐述,整机进行数轮持续测试和优化后,各个方面满足相关标准要求,且技术层面上具有先进性,整机性能优异。

基于系统动力学的机场割草机需求仿真研究

为控制机场草坪高度符合机场环境安全使用要求,建立机场割草机数量配置模型。分析机场割草作业存在的问题及影响因素,基于系统动力学理论,以机场草坪面积、割草机数量性能、机场草生长情况为基础,建立机场割草作业过程的存量流量图和数学模型;以北方某机场草坪为背景进行实例验证。结果表明:模型运行结果与机场割草机实际使用数量及作业情况基本吻合,可为机场管理人员配置割草机数量和安排作业时间提供理论依据和技术支撑。

丘陵山地智能混动割草机控制系统设计

针对我国高原和丘陵山地果园、茶园等农业生产活动中,生草制管理所面临的割草机械作业效率低、时间短及自动化程度低的问题,结合自主设计的丘陵山地智能混动割草机,设计一种可实时识别工况并自动完成能量管理的割草机控制系统。该系统以割草机实时接收的行驶工况识别信号为切入点,采用实时工况识别算法程序,依据不同类别工况的特点采取相应的能量管理控制策略。通过搭建控制系统并结合作业工况,进行该控制系统的性能试验。试验结果表明:该控制系统能够快速、准确的响应割草机动力性与割草性能要求,且相比于同耗油量下无能量管理的油电混合割草机,其单次作业时间约增加18%。同时验证该工况识别系统的合理性,工况正确识别时长精度达到90%以上。