Over the years the defense industry has become a de facto participant in the policy-making process. As in other areas dominated by big business interests, a policy sub-government of "iron triangle" has emerg...Over the years the defense industry has become a de facto participant in the policy-making process. As in other areas dominated by big business interests, a policy sub-government of "iron triangle" has emerged. In the view of some American scholars, such an "iron triangle" as a political relationship that brings together .展开更多
Clonostachys rosea (C. rosea) is a biocontrol agent that is used to combat and prevent phytopathogenic fungi attacks because of its ability to involve many factors and diverse modes of action. The reactions of C. rose...Clonostachys rosea (C. rosea) is a biocontrol agent that is used to combat and prevent phytopathogenic fungi attacks because of its ability to involve many factors and diverse modes of action. The reactions of C. rosea on the control of gray mold disease in tomato leaves were investigated in this study. To investigate the reactions of C. rosea in inducing resistance to tomato plants, three treatments, including Botrytis cinerea treatment (treatment B), C. rosea treatment (treatment C), C. rosea and B. cinerea treatment (treatment C + B) and water (control), to be applied on tomato leaves were set up. Disease severity was subsequently evaluated and compared with the control. The treatment of tomato leaves with C. rosea (15 μg/ml) significantly reduced the disease index after inoculation and severity of gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. The results indicated that the C. rosea treatment stimulated the activity of the defense related enzymes: Peroxidases (POX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and glutathione S-transferases (GST), and the treatment C + B reduced the incidence and severity of the gray mold. Furthermore, C. rosea treatment increased the activity of pathogenesis related proteins PR1. Therefore, our results suggest that C. rosea could enhance the resistance of tomato plants to gray mold through the activation of defense genes and via the enhancement of defense-related enzymatic activities.展开更多
Lawyers play no small a role in improving China’s legal system, which comes along with the country’s endeavor to build a market-oriented economy and open to the outside world. Legal services provided by lawyers have...Lawyers play no small a role in improving China’s legal system, which comes along with the country’s endeavor to build a market-oriented economy and open to the outside world. Legal services provided by lawyers have virtually become available to all sectors of society since the country adopted the policy of reform and opening up in the late 1970s.展开更多
Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans)is a leading cause of bacterial-induced oral diseases.Current strategies to kill bacteria based on Host defense peptide(HDP)mimicking polymers hold promise to treat oral bacter...Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans)is a leading cause of bacterial-induced oral diseases.Current strategies to kill bacteria based on Host defense peptide(HDP)mimicking polymers hold promise to treat oral bacterial infection.Here,we explore the impact of hydrophobic subunit and chain length variation on the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity ofβ-peptide polymers.The physicochemical and biological prop-erties,such as the toxicity,the antibacterial activity,and the effect on bacterial transcription ofβ-peptide polymers,were systematically investigated with numerous techniques.The results exhibited that the op-timalβ-peptide polymer has low toxicity towards human periodontal ligament fibroblasts,andβ-peptide polymers(especially P3)have more excellent antibacterial activity against S.mutans than metronidazole.In addition,β-peptide polymers inhibited the reversible and irreversible bacterial adhesion during the formation of biofilms.The polymer can promote biofilm dispersion by decreasing the hydrophobicity of bacterial cells after adhering to cell surfaces.Analysis of the transcriptome for S.mutans treated withβ-peptide polymers demonstrated thatβ-peptide polymers could reduce the cariogenicity of S.mutans by impacting the transcription of the energy and acid metabolism-related genes.β-peptide polymers are promising antimicrobial agents in clinical dentistry due to their high antibacterial efficiency and low tox-icity.展开更多
针对LBlock算法在侧信道攻击前脆弱的问题,文章提出一种可以抵抗一阶和二阶差分功耗攻击(Differential Power Analysis,DPA)的门限防护方案。该方案以秘密共享原理为基础理论,并且在算法进行运算时采用了复合域的概念,将算法的运算域由G...针对LBlock算法在侧信道攻击前脆弱的问题,文章提出一种可以抵抗一阶和二阶差分功耗攻击(Differential Power Analysis,DPA)的门限防护方案。该方案以秘密共享原理为基础理论,并且在算法进行运算时采用了复合域的概念,将算法的运算域由GF(24)转移到GF(22)上,减少硬件消耗的同时,又提高了算法的安全性。在乘法器分组中采用虚拟值方法,以保证满足门限方案的均匀性,并在反相器中引入分解法,以保证各信息分组相关独立且线性无关。分析验证表明,方案满足门限方案所需要的各项性质,并且可以抵御一阶、二阶DPA攻击。所有的信息分组都是独立且无联系的,所以该方案对于glitch攻击也具有相应的防护能力,具有较好的实用性。展开更多
Understanding the dynamics of urbanization is essential to the sustainable development of cities. Meanwhile the analysis of urban development can also provide scientifically and effective information for decision-maki...Understanding the dynamics of urbanization is essential to the sustainable development of cities. Meanwhile the analysis of urban development can also provide scientifically and effective information for decision-making. With the long-term Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System(DMSP/OLS) nighttime light images, a pixel level assessment of urbanization of China from 1992 to 2013 was conducted in this study, and the spatio-temporal dynamics and future trends of urban development were fully detected. The results showed that the urbanization and urban dynamics of China experienced drastic fluctuations from 1992 to 2013, especially for those in the coastal and metropolitan areas. From a regional perspective, it was found that the urban dynamics and increasing trends in North Coast China, East Coast China and South Coast China were much more stable and significant than that in other regions. Moreover, with the sustainability estimating of nighttime light dynamics, the regional agglomeration trends of urban regions were also detected. The light intensity in nearly 50% of lighted pixels may continuously decrease in the future, indicating a severe situation of urbanization within these regions. In this study, The results revealed in this study can provided a new insight in long time urbanization detecting and is thus beneficial to the better understanding of trends and dynamics of urban development.展开更多
文摘Over the years the defense industry has become a de facto participant in the policy-making process. As in other areas dominated by big business interests, a policy sub-government of "iron triangle" has emerged. In the view of some American scholars, such an "iron triangle" as a political relationship that brings together .
文摘Clonostachys rosea (C. rosea) is a biocontrol agent that is used to combat and prevent phytopathogenic fungi attacks because of its ability to involve many factors and diverse modes of action. The reactions of C. rosea on the control of gray mold disease in tomato leaves were investigated in this study. To investigate the reactions of C. rosea in inducing resistance to tomato plants, three treatments, including Botrytis cinerea treatment (treatment B), C. rosea treatment (treatment C), C. rosea and B. cinerea treatment (treatment C + B) and water (control), to be applied on tomato leaves were set up. Disease severity was subsequently evaluated and compared with the control. The treatment of tomato leaves with C. rosea (15 μg/ml) significantly reduced the disease index after inoculation and severity of gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. The results indicated that the C. rosea treatment stimulated the activity of the defense related enzymes: Peroxidases (POX), lipoxygenases (LOX) and glutathione S-transferases (GST), and the treatment C + B reduced the incidence and severity of the gray mold. Furthermore, C. rosea treatment increased the activity of pathogenesis related proteins PR1. Therefore, our results suggest that C. rosea could enhance the resistance of tomato plants to gray mold through the activation of defense genes and via the enhancement of defense-related enzymatic activities.
文摘Lawyers play no small a role in improving China’s legal system, which comes along with the country’s endeavor to build a market-oriented economy and open to the outside world. Legal services provided by lawyers have virtually become available to all sectors of society since the country adopted the policy of reform and opening up in the late 1970s.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51871050)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2106206)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.20180510041)the Liaon-ing Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC1907158)the Gen-eral Project of Natural Science Foundation of Science and Tech-nology Department of Liaoning Province(No.2021-MS-308)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.N2120007).
文摘Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans)is a leading cause of bacterial-induced oral diseases.Current strategies to kill bacteria based on Host defense peptide(HDP)mimicking polymers hold promise to treat oral bacterial infection.Here,we explore the impact of hydrophobic subunit and chain length variation on the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity ofβ-peptide polymers.The physicochemical and biological prop-erties,such as the toxicity,the antibacterial activity,and the effect on bacterial transcription ofβ-peptide polymers,were systematically investigated with numerous techniques.The results exhibited that the op-timalβ-peptide polymer has low toxicity towards human periodontal ligament fibroblasts,andβ-peptide polymers(especially P3)have more excellent antibacterial activity against S.mutans than metronidazole.In addition,β-peptide polymers inhibited the reversible and irreversible bacterial adhesion during the formation of biofilms.The polymer can promote biofilm dispersion by decreasing the hydrophobicity of bacterial cells after adhering to cell surfaces.Analysis of the transcriptome for S.mutans treated withβ-peptide polymers demonstrated thatβ-peptide polymers could reduce the cariogenicity of S.mutans by impacting the transcription of the energy and acid metabolism-related genes.β-peptide polymers are promising antimicrobial agents in clinical dentistry due to their high antibacterial efficiency and low tox-icity.
文摘针对LBlock算法在侧信道攻击前脆弱的问题,文章提出一种可以抵抗一阶和二阶差分功耗攻击(Differential Power Analysis,DPA)的门限防护方案。该方案以秘密共享原理为基础理论,并且在算法进行运算时采用了复合域的概念,将算法的运算域由GF(24)转移到GF(22)上,减少硬件消耗的同时,又提高了算法的安全性。在乘法器分组中采用虚拟值方法,以保证满足门限方案的均匀性,并在反相器中引入分解法,以保证各信息分组相关独立且线性无关。分析验证表明,方案满足门限方案所需要的各项性质,并且可以抵御一阶、二阶DPA攻击。所有的信息分组都是独立且无联系的,所以该方案对于glitch攻击也具有相应的防护能力,具有较好的实用性。
基金Under the auspices of State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council(No.201706320300)。
文摘Understanding the dynamics of urbanization is essential to the sustainable development of cities. Meanwhile the analysis of urban development can also provide scientifically and effective information for decision-making. With the long-term Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System(DMSP/OLS) nighttime light images, a pixel level assessment of urbanization of China from 1992 to 2013 was conducted in this study, and the spatio-temporal dynamics and future trends of urban development were fully detected. The results showed that the urbanization and urban dynamics of China experienced drastic fluctuations from 1992 to 2013, especially for those in the coastal and metropolitan areas. From a regional perspective, it was found that the urban dynamics and increasing trends in North Coast China, East Coast China and South Coast China were much more stable and significant than that in other regions. Moreover, with the sustainability estimating of nighttime light dynamics, the regional agglomeration trends of urban regions were also detected. The light intensity in nearly 50% of lighted pixels may continuously decrease in the future, indicating a severe situation of urbanization within these regions. In this study, The results revealed in this study can provided a new insight in long time urbanization detecting and is thus beneficial to the better understanding of trends and dynamics of urban development.
