An analysis of tunnel face stability generally assumes a single homogeneous rock mass.However,most rock tunnel projects are excavated in stratified rock masses.This paper presents a two-dimensional(2D)analytical model...An analysis of tunnel face stability generally assumes a single homogeneous rock mass.However,most rock tunnel projects are excavated in stratified rock masses.This paper presents a two-dimensional(2D)analytical model for estimating the face stability of a rock tunnel in the presence of rock mass stratification.The model uses the kinematical limit analysis approach combined with the block calculation technique.A virtual support force is applied to the tunnel face,and then solved using an optimization method based on the upper limit theorem of limit analysis and the nonlinear Hoek-Brown yield criterion.Several design charts are provided to analyze the effects of rock layer thickness on tunnel face stability,tunnel diameter,the arrangement sequence of weak and strong rock layers,and the variation in rock layer parameters at different positions.The results indicate that the thickness of the rock layer,tunnel diameter,and arrangement sequence of weak and strong rock layers significantly affect the tunnel face stability.Variations in the parameters of the lower layer of the tunnel face have a greater effect on tunnel stability than those of the upper layer.展开更多
Rock mass classification systems are the very important part for underground projects and rock mass rating(RMR) is one of the most commonly applied classification systems in numerous civil and mining projects. The typ...Rock mass classification systems are the very important part for underground projects and rock mass rating(RMR) is one of the most commonly applied classification systems in numerous civil and mining projects. The type of rock mass consisting of an interbedding of strong and weak layers poses difficulties and uncertainties for determining the RMR. For this, the present paper uses the concept of rock bolt supporting factor(RSF) for modification of RMR system to be used in such rock mass types. The proposed method also demonstrates the importance of rock bolting practice in such rock masses. The geological parameters of the Shemshak Formation of the Alborz Tunnel in Iran are used as case examples for development of the theoretical approach.展开更多
An empirical expression of cohesion(C) and friction angle(φ) for layered rock was suggested.This expression was compared with a test result made by the former researchers.The constitutive relationship of a transverse...An empirical expression of cohesion(C) and friction angle(φ) for layered rock was suggested.This expression was compared with a test result made by the former researchers.The constitutive relationship of a transversely isotropic medium and Mohr-Coulomb criterion in which C and φ vary with directions were employed,and a relative 3D elasto-plastic FEM code was developed,in which the important thing was to adopt a search-trial method to find the orientation angle(ρ) of shear failure plane(or weakest shear plane) with respect to the major principal stress as well as the corresponding C and φ.Taking an underground opening as the calculation object,the numerical analyses were carried out by using the FEM code for two cases of transversely isotropic rock and isotropic rock,respectively,and the computation results were compared.The results show that when the rock is a transversely isotropic one,the distributions of displacements,plastic zones and stress contours in the surrounding rock will be non-axisymmetric along the tunnel's vertical axis,which is very different from that of isotropic rock.The stability of the tunnel in transversely isotropic rock is relatively low.展开更多
Face stability is an essential issue in tunnel design and construction.Layered rock masses are typical and ubiquitous;uncertainties in rock properties always exist.In view of this,a comprehensive method,which combines...Face stability is an essential issue in tunnel design and construction.Layered rock masses are typical and ubiquitous;uncertainties in rock properties always exist.In view of this,a comprehensive method,which combines the Upper bound Limit analysis of Tunnel face stability,the Polynomial Chaos Kriging,the Monte-Carlo Simulation and Analysis of Covariance method(ULT-PCK-MA),is proposed to investigate the seismic stability of tunnel faces.A two-dimensional analytical model of ULT is developed to evaluate the virtual support force based on the upper bound limit analysis.An efficient probabilistic analysis method PCK-MA based on the adaptive Polynomial Chaos Kriging metamodel is then implemented to investigate the parameter uncertainty effects.Ten input parameters,including geological strength indices,uniaxial compressive strengths and constants for three rock formations,and the horizontal seismic coefficients,are treated as random variables.The effects of these parameter uncertainties on the failure probability and sensitivity indices are discussed.In addition,the effects of weak layer position,the middle layer thickness and quality,the tunnel diameter,the parameters correlation,and the seismic loadings are investigated,respectively.The results show that the layer distributions significantly influence the tunnel face probabilistic stability,particularly when the weak rock is present in the bottom layer.The efficiency of the proposed ULT-PCK-MA is validated,which is expected to facilitate the engineering design and construction.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Innovation Team Program of Innovation Talents Promotion Plan by MOST of China(Grant No.2016RA4059)the Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Provincial Transportation Department(No.25 of 2018)。
文摘An analysis of tunnel face stability generally assumes a single homogeneous rock mass.However,most rock tunnel projects are excavated in stratified rock masses.This paper presents a two-dimensional(2D)analytical model for estimating the face stability of a rock tunnel in the presence of rock mass stratification.The model uses the kinematical limit analysis approach combined with the block calculation technique.A virtual support force is applied to the tunnel face,and then solved using an optimization method based on the upper limit theorem of limit analysis and the nonlinear Hoek-Brown yield criterion.Several design charts are provided to analyze the effects of rock layer thickness on tunnel face stability,tunnel diameter,the arrangement sequence of weak and strong rock layers,and the variation in rock layer parameters at different positions.The results indicate that the thickness of the rock layer,tunnel diameter,and arrangement sequence of weak and strong rock layers significantly affect the tunnel face stability.Variations in the parameters of the lower layer of the tunnel face have a greater effect on tunnel stability than those of the upper layer.
文摘Rock mass classification systems are the very important part for underground projects and rock mass rating(RMR) is one of the most commonly applied classification systems in numerous civil and mining projects. The type of rock mass consisting of an interbedding of strong and weak layers poses difficulties and uncertainties for determining the RMR. For this, the present paper uses the concept of rock bolt supporting factor(RSF) for modification of RMR system to be used in such rock mass types. The proposed method also demonstrates the importance of rock bolting practice in such rock masses. The geological parameters of the Shemshak Formation of the Alborz Tunnel in Iran are used as case examples for development of the theoretical approach.
基金Project(2010CB732101) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China Project(51079145) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘An empirical expression of cohesion(C) and friction angle(φ) for layered rock was suggested.This expression was compared with a test result made by the former researchers.The constitutive relationship of a transversely isotropic medium and Mohr-Coulomb criterion in which C and φ vary with directions were employed,and a relative 3D elasto-plastic FEM code was developed,in which the important thing was to adopt a search-trial method to find the orientation angle(ρ) of shear failure plane(or weakest shear plane) with respect to the major principal stress as well as the corresponding C and φ.Taking an underground opening as the calculation object,the numerical analyses were carried out by using the FEM code for two cases of transversely isotropic rock and isotropic rock,respectively,and the computation results were compared.The results show that when the rock is a transversely isotropic one,the distributions of displacements,plastic zones and stress contours in the surrounding rock will be non-axisymmetric along the tunnel's vertical axis,which is very different from that of isotropic rock.The stability of the tunnel in transversely isotropic rock is relatively low.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （51004003） the Natural Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of Anhui Province （K J2010A091 ）
基金supported by Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Provincial Transportation Department(Grant No.25 of 2018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52279107)The authors are grateful for the support by the China Scholarship Council(CSC No.202206260203 and No.201906690049).
文摘Face stability is an essential issue in tunnel design and construction.Layered rock masses are typical and ubiquitous;uncertainties in rock properties always exist.In view of this,a comprehensive method,which combines the Upper bound Limit analysis of Tunnel face stability,the Polynomial Chaos Kriging,the Monte-Carlo Simulation and Analysis of Covariance method(ULT-PCK-MA),is proposed to investigate the seismic stability of tunnel faces.A two-dimensional analytical model of ULT is developed to evaluate the virtual support force based on the upper bound limit analysis.An efficient probabilistic analysis method PCK-MA based on the adaptive Polynomial Chaos Kriging metamodel is then implemented to investigate the parameter uncertainty effects.Ten input parameters,including geological strength indices,uniaxial compressive strengths and constants for three rock formations,and the horizontal seismic coefficients,are treated as random variables.The effects of these parameter uncertainties on the failure probability and sensitivity indices are discussed.In addition,the effects of weak layer position,the middle layer thickness and quality,the tunnel diameter,the parameters correlation,and the seismic loadings are investigated,respectively.The results show that the layer distributions significantly influence the tunnel face probabilistic stability,particularly when the weak rock is present in the bottom layer.The efficiency of the proposed ULT-PCK-MA is validated,which is expected to facilitate the engineering design and construction.
