Leaching of magnesium from desiliconization slag of nickel laterite ores by carbonation process

The leaching of magnesium from desiliconization slag of nickel laterite ores by carbonation process was studied.The influence of various parameters was investigated to optimize the conditions and determine the kinetics of the reaction.The results show that with increasing stirring speed,liquid-to-solid ratio and reaction time,and decreasing temperature,the leaching rate of magnesium enhances.The leaching process of the desiliconization slag in the range of 288-298 K is controlled by the surface chemical reaction model.The apparent activation energy is-20.45 kJ/mol,and the kinetics model is obtained.

Leaching of nickel laterite ore assisted by microwave technique

The application of microwave technique in the hydrometallurgy of nickel laterite ores was described.The mixture of nickel laterite ores and sulfuric acid was pre-treated by microwave irradiation.The dissolving of nickel was conducted in hot water at the atmospheric pressure.The effects of factors,such as microwave power,microwave irradiation time,and sulfuric acid dosage, were investigated.In microwave field,the migration of ionic species and/or rotation of dipolar species promote the liquid?solid reaction process due to the increased contact area of reactants and leaching reaction rate constant.Thanks to the strengthening action of microwave,the microwave-assisted leaching process has its advantages,such as higher extracting rate than conventional atmospheric leaching,and no need for high-pressure operation as high pressure acid leaching(HPAL).The ferric iron in leaching solution could be effectively removed by sodium jarosite process with a little loss of nickel in the jarosite precipitate.

Kinetic study on leaching of nickel from Turkish lateritic ore in nitric acid solution

Dissolution kinetics of nickel from lateritic ore in nitric acid solution was investigated. Experimental parameters used were stirring speed(100-600 r/min), temperature(40-96 °C), nitric acid concentration(0.1-2 mol/L) and particle size(<106 μm). The shrinking core model was applied to the results of experiments investigating the effects of leaching temperature in the range of 40-90 °C and nitric acid concentration in range of 0.1-2 mol/L on nickel dissolution rate. The kinetic analysis shows that the nickel dissolution from lateritic ore could be described by diffusion model. The activation energy(E_a) for the dissolution reaction is calculated as 79.52 kJ/mol.

Synthesis and characterization of Co_3O_4 prepared from atmospheric pressure acid leach liquors of nickel laterite ores

A chemical precipitation-thermal decomposition method was developed to synthesize Co3O4 nanoparticles using cobalt liquor obtained from the atmospheric pressure acid leaching process of nickel laterite ores. The effects of the precursor reaction temperature, the concentration of Co2＋, and the calcination temperature on the specific surface area, morphology, and the electrochemical behavior of the ob- tained Co304 particles were investigated. The precursor basic cobaltous carbonate and cobaltosic oxide products were characterized and ana- lyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area analysis, and electrochemical analysis. The results indicate that the specific surface area of the Co3O4particles with a diameter of 30 rim, which were obtained under the optimum conditions of a precursor reaction temperature of 30℃, 0.25 mol/L Co2＋, and a calcination temperature of 350℃, was 48.89 m2/g. Electrodes fabricated using Co3O4 nanoparticles exhibited good electrochemical properties, with a specific capacitance of 216.3 F/g at a scan rate of 100 mV/s.

红土镍矿酸浸渣综合利用进展

近年来随着不锈钢及新能源用镍需求的增长,红土镍矿湿法提镍工艺得到更多应用,相应的红土镍矿酸浸渣堆存量也迅速增加,对此类固废进行科学消纳和资源综合利用迫在眉睫。针对红土镍矿酸浸渣有害元素硫、有价金属铁含量高的特点进行综合利用新技术、新装备研究对红土镍矿湿法冶金工业的持续发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。主要介绍红土镍矿酸浸渣的湿法冶金形成过程及其成分组成和物理化学性质,较为系统地梳理了红土镍矿酸浸渣在尾矿坝堆积、地下压滤回填和深海填埋等直接处理方法,提取利用铁、铬、铝、稀土等有价金属资源,消纳制备硅藻土、陶粒、矿物纤维等建筑材料、制备锂电池电极、沸石等高附加值材料综合利用技术上的研究进展,展望了红土镍矿酸浸渣流态化提铁降硫技术及装备的发展前景。

红土镍矿浸渣选铁试验研究

针对某含铁51.38%、含硫2.01%的红土镍矿浸渣进行了离心选矿、磁选、磁化焙烧等试验研究。结果表明,磁化焙烧-磁选工艺是该红土镍矿浸渣选铁的高效分选工艺。煤基还原-弱磁选获得了精矿TFe品位62.77%、回收率94.04%的指标;气基还原-弱磁选获得了精矿TFe品位68.77%、回收率95.15%、精矿中杂质硫含量0.12%的指标,可达到铁精矿质量要求;直接还原-弱磁选可获得精矿TFe品位90.89%、回收率88.90%的指标,但存在精矿中硫含量偏高的问题。

红土镍矿中铁资源开发利用技术综述

红土镍矿含有可开发利用的镍、大量的铁和具有可回收价值的钻、镁、钪等有价元素,如何开发利用红土镍矿中的铁资源并综合回收其他有价或稀有金属具有重要意义。重点综述了红土镍矿火法冶金提铁镍、湿法冶金提镍冶炼渣回收铁技术的研究现状,在此基础上分析和展望了红土镍矿加压酸浸提镍后所得湿法冶金渣铁资源综合利用的前景。

镍红土矿加压浸出渣磁化焙烧-弱磁选铁精矿的研究

以镍红土矿加压酸浸渣为原料(其主要成分是以赤铁矿为主的铁矿物),对其进行磁化焙烧-弱磁选铁精矿的实验研究,确定还原焙烧-弱磁选工艺的优化条件。研究结果表明该工艺的优化条件是:无烟煤质量分数为20%,焙烧温度为750℃,焙烧时间为60 min,冷却方式为水冷,弱磁选磁场强度为195 kA/m,在此最优条件下,铁品位和回收率分别为64%和94%,精矿中S质量分数为0.16%,达到了钢铁对铁精矿成分的要求。

镍红土矿酸浸渣生物质磁化焙烧-磁选回收铁精矿试验研究

研究了生物质磁化焙烧-磁选处理镍红土矿酸浸渣的试验过程,讨论了各因素对磁化焙烧效果的影响。试验结果表明:在焙烧温度800℃、焙烧时间60 min、生物质还原剂质量分数为25%、磁场强度为140 kA/m的条件下,酸浸渣中铁的回收率达到95.41%,磁选精矿铁品位达到63.06%,硫含量降低为0.12%,符合高炉炼铁所需铁矿的标准。

红土镍矿酸浸渣与硅藻土的吸放湿性能比较

通过干燥器法,对红土镍矿酸浸渣和硅藻土在三种湿度下的吸湿性能进行了研究,并比较了二者的放湿性能,对二者的粒度和孔结构进行了分析和比较。研究表明:红土镍矿酸浸渣的调湿性能优于硅藻土,其吸湿量、吸湿速率、放湿量、放湿速率等指标均超过了硅藻土;且红土镍矿酸浸渣的比表面积和粒度均大于硅藻土,结合调湿性能分析,红土镍矿酸浸渣适合作为一种优良的调湿材料。

红土镍矿酸浸渣硫酸铵焙烧-超声分散-离心分离提纯增白效果与机理

红土镍矿酸浸渣作为提镍废渣,存量大、白度低、重金属含量高。为实现它在相关领域的回收应用及高值开发,本文通过研究红土镍矿酸浸渣原矿、提纯增白样品和尾渣的化学成分、物相、微观形貌、孔结构以及焙烧过程中的气相,并通过同步热分析与红外-质谱(TG-FTIR-MS)联用系统,以及XRD、SEM、EDS等手段对提纯增白机理进行了分析。提纯增白机理为:预先煅烧去除有机杂质并将铁、铝、铬等离子氧化,二段焙烧将金属氧化物通过一系列反应转化为NH4(Al、Fe、Cr)(SO4)2,并在超声波作用下溶于水中经洗涤去除,未参与反应的六方硫镍矿和砷化锗镉还有部分石英经离心沉淀去除。试验结果:红土镍矿酸浸渣白度由56%提升到84%、含铁量由0. 92%下降到0. 2%、比表面积由84 m2/g提升到96 m2/g、回收率达到47%以上。

褐铁矿型红土镍矿硫酸高压浸出的研究

研究了褐铁矿型红土镍矿硫酸高压浸出过程中浸出温度和时间、硫酸用量对镍、钴、锰、铁、铝、镁、硅、铬浸出的影响。在浸出温度为250℃,浸出压力3.9 MPa,浸出时间为40 min,硫酸用量240kg/t干矿的优化条件下,镍,钴,锰的浸出率分别为96.8%,96.6%,98.7%,铁、铝、镁、硅的浸出率分别降低到2.6%,16.9%,61.8%,1.9%,铬的浸出率降低到0.7%,浸出液中的铬以Cr^(3+)的形式存在,浸出液中没有Cr^(6+)。静置分离试验表明,在此浸出条件下的浸出矿浆固液分离效率较高。扫描电镜分别对30、40、60 min浸出渣相微观形貌的分析表明,浸出30 min时针铁矿中Fe^(3+)绝大部分溶出并经过水解重新沉淀,延长浸出时间只是使铁相的等粒-圆粒状颗粒分布趋于均化。浸出渣相的主要成分为Fe_2O_3,(H_3O)Al_3(OH)_6(SO_4)_2,KAl_3(SO_4)_2(OH)_6及Si O_2。

印尼某红土镍矿常压浸出实验研究

以印尼某地红土镍矿为原料,考察了浸出时间、浸出温度、硫酸浓度、液固比等因素对硫酸常压浸出镍、铁的影响。结果表明,硫酸浸出红土镍矿的适宜工艺参数为:初始硫酸浓度300 g/L、液固比6∶1、搅拌速度300 r/min、浸出温度85℃、浸出时间240 min,此优化条件下红土镍矿中Ni浸出率97%,Fe浸出率83%。对浸出渣进行XRD、SEM分析表明,红土镍矿晶型较稳定,浸出后形貌无较大变化;浸出渣主要成分为铁氧化物、硅氧化物和铁酸镍、铁酸镁。

红土镍矿酸浸渣硫酸铵焙烧—超声分散—离心分离增白工艺研究

红土镍矿酸浸渣的存量大、白度低、重金属含量高,严重制约了在相关领域的回收应用,提纯增白是高效综合利用这种固废资源的一个亟待解决的技术问题。采用两段煅烧——直接煅烧后再加硫酸铵焙烧的工艺,使其白度得到较大提升后,再采用超声波分散浸出—离心提纯工艺去除影响酸浸渣白度的杂质。对样品白度、化学成分、矿物成分、颗粒形貌和孔结构进行了表征。结果表明:最优的增白工艺为,500℃预先煅烧1 h,添加200%镍渣质量的硫酸铵焙烧2 h,超声分散浸出8 min,在离心分离因数为4的条件下离心1 min。最终实现红土镍矿酸浸渣的白度由56%提升到84%,含铁量由0.92%下降到0.20%,比表面积由84 m^2/g提升到96 m^2/g,回收率达到47%以上。得到的红土镍矿酸浸渣纯度和白度显著提升,粒度减小以及孔结构特性得到优化,高值开发应用前景广阔。

红土镍矿加压浸出工艺残积型红土镍矿中和试验研究

残积型红土镍矿是一种重要的红土镍矿,镁元素含量较高(10%~27%),在红土镍矿加压浸出项目中,通常用来中和加压浸出的矿浆,矿浆中硫酸浓度通常为30~50 g/L。但残积矿用量对镍、钴浸出率有较大影响,为了更好地利用残积型红土镍矿,本文进行了常规浸出试验和还原浸出试验。试验结果表明:随着残积矿用量的增加(液固比降低),终点酸度逐渐降低,镍、钴浸出率逐渐降低;当磨矿细度增加时,钴浸出率明显升高;该反应进行迅速,工业上可以考虑缩短浸出时间;当常规浸出和还原浸出残积矿用量相同时,还原浸出镍浸出率比常规浸出高5%~25%;当残积矿用量较低时,还原浸出镍浸出率提升明显;当残积矿用量不超过90 g/L时,还原浸出钴浸出率比常规浸出高,当用量继续增加时,还原浸出钴浸出率则会低于常规浸出。

红土镍矿加压酸浸渣还原焙烧-磁选回收铁精矿试验研究

本试验主要以红土镍矿加压酸浸渣为原料，对其进行还原焙烧一磁选试验研究，研究过程分别考察了还原剂率、熔剂率、还原焙烧温度、焙烧时间对还原焙烧效果的影响。研究结果表明，焙烧温度为还原焙烧的主要影响因素，还原焙烧试验的最优组合为：焙烧温度1250℃，煤粉加入量32％，保温时间40min、熔剂加入量9％；通过开展还原焙烧一磁选试验，得到的产品铁精粉含铁达到82．14％，达到了富集铁的目的。