The removal of lead from ginseng ethanol extracts by a fixed-bed column filled with an adsorbent bearing amine and carboxyl groups was investigated. The Pb2+ content was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass s...The removal of lead from ginseng ethanol extracts by a fixed-bed column filled with an adsorbent bearing amine and carboxyl groups was investigated. The Pb2+ content was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. When the flowrate increased from 0.12 to 0.34 ml·min-1 , the column exhibited a marked increase in percentage of lead removal from 54.9% to 92.3%. Further increase in the flowrate did not bring evident changes to the lead removal, whereas an increase in the temperature could reinforce adsorption further, suggesting that the adsorption process was controlled by external film diffusion below the flowrate of 0.34 ml·min-1 , and by the intraparticle pore diffusion of lead ions when the flowrate exceeded it. A low remaining lead amount in extracts such as 0.11 mg·kg-1 (extracts powder) was achieved. The adsorbents also adsorbed effective constituents to some extent. But 88% of constituents adsorbed were taken off using a 70% ethanol aqueous solution.展开更多
To provide basic toxicity data for formulating risk characterization benchmarks, the effects of lead on survival, locomotion, and sperm morphology were investigated in the Asian earthworm Pheretima guillelmi. The LC50...To provide basic toxicity data for formulating risk characterization benchmarks, the effects of lead on survival, locomotion, and sperm morphology were investigated in the Asian earthworm Pheretima guillelmi. The LC50 of P. guiUelmi for 7 and 14 d were 4285＋339 mg/kg and 3207＋248 mg/kg, which shows P. guillelmi can tolerate a higher concentration of lead nitrate. The average weight of the surviving earthworms decreased at concentration of 2800 mg Pb/kg soil, and the locomotor ability of earthworms exposed to a range of soil Pb concentrations showed a general decrease with increasing Pb concentrations. We also presented data depicting the sperm morphology of earthworms, which shows potential as a sensitive biomarker for measuring the effects of heavy metal on reproduction.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of Phyllanthus(P.)amarus crude ethanol leaf extract and its effects on semen quality in male BALB/c mice.Methods:A total of 36 adult mice were divided into six groups,...Objective:To evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of Phyllanthus(P.)amarus crude ethanol leaf extract and its effects on semen quality in male BALB/c mice.Methods:A total of 36 adult mice were divided into six groups,with 6 mice each.Five groups were infected with Plasmodium(P.)berghei,and one group was left uninfeceted.Of the five infected groups,one group was left untreated,three groups were treated with varying doses(100,250 and 400 mg/kg)of P.amarus crude ethanol leaf extract orally for 4 days,and another group was treated with standard drug,artemether and lumefantrine(Lonart®DS).Antiplasmodial activity,seminal quality,some biochemical indices(neutral毩-glucosidase,fructose,and citric acid)in seminal plasma and seminal antioxidant markers(catalase,glutathione peroxidase,reduced glutathione,malondialdehyde,total antioxidant capacity,and acid phosphates)were determined.The mice were euthanized 3 days post treatment and semen was collected from the caudal epididymis and processed for analysis using documented methods and procedures.Results:Malarial infection led to oxidative stress,causing a significant decline in seminal quality(P<0.05).However,treatment with P.amarus crude ethanol leaf extract alleviated oxidative stress and significantly improved seminal quality.The improvement was dose-dependent and compared well with the standard drug,artemether and lumefantrine(Lonart®DS)treatment.Conclusions:The ethanol leaf extracts of P.amarus alleviate male reproductive capacity during malaria infection in murine model by enhancing antioxidant activities.展开更多
Although paternal ethanol （EtOH） abuse has been shown to affect the growth and behavior of offspring, the exact molecular and mechanistic basis remains largely unclear. Methylation alterations in imprinted genes may...Although paternal ethanol （EtOH） abuse has been shown to affect the growth and behavior of offspring, the exact molecular and mechanistic basis remains largely unclear. Methylation alterations in imprinted genes may be related to well-documented teratogenic effects of ethanol. Here we show that chronic paternal ethanol exposure increases the susceptibility to abnormal behavior in offspring through male game epigenetic alteration. In our study, different doses of ethanol （0, 1,1, 3.3 g kg^-1） were administered intra-gastrically to male mice and decreased sperm motility was found in the highest ethanol-exposed group compared with the controls. Data also showed a dose-dependent increase in deaf mice of the paternally ethanol-exposed groups. The methylation of H19, Peg3, Ndn and Snrpn was assessed in paternal spermatozoa and in the cerebral cortices of deaf mice. EtOH affected methylation of Peg3 （CpG 3, 7 and 9） in paternal spermatozoa and in the cerebral cortices of deaf mice, but the level of mRNA expression did not change, suggesting that other gene regulation may be involved in these processes. Overall, chronic paternal ethanol exposure could alter the methylation of imprinted genes in sire spermatozoa that could also be passed on to offspring, giving rise to developmental disorders. Our results provide possible epigenetic evidence for a paternal ethanol exposure contribution to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome （FAS）.展开更多
目的:通过对大鼠经输精管逆向注射30%乙醇的研究,初步探讨这种方法的抗生育效果及其安全性。方法:将30只SD雄性大鼠[3月龄,重(200±20)g],随机均分为实验和对照两组:分别用5号针头注射器(1 m l)取30%乙醇0.5 m l(实验组)和生理盐水0...目的:通过对大鼠经输精管逆向注射30%乙醇的研究,初步探讨这种方法的抗生育效果及其安全性。方法:将30只SD雄性大鼠[3月龄,重(200±20)g],随机均分为实验和对照两组:分别用5号针头注射器(1 m l)取30%乙醇0.5 m l(实验组)和生理盐水0.5 m l(对照组)经每只雄性大鼠的输精管逆向注射。分别于1.5个月和3个月时各用60只SD雌性成年大鼠交配作妊娠试验来计算其雌鼠妊娠率,并在3个月后处死所有雄鼠,取出附睾组织在镜下检查其精子活力和精子畸形率;同时采用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法检查其生精细胞的凋亡情况。结果:实验组在1.5个月时交配后的雌鼠妊娠率为0,3个月时的a+b级精子为(0.32±1.12)%、雌鼠妊娠率为(0.58±1.27)%,与对照组[(80.62±2.68)%、(70.68±1.62)%、(86.62±1.68)%]相比,均有明显的下降(P<0.05);而精子畸形率[(78.26±1.08)%]与对照组[(20.34±1.26)%]相比,却出现了明显的上升(P<0.05);同时3个月时实验组大鼠的凋亡指数为(7.63±1.16)%,与对照组(5.62±1.32)%相比,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:乙醇经大鼠输精管逆向注射的方法在3个月内可产生明显的抗生育效果,但对其生精细胞没有显著性的影响。展开更多
基金Supported by the National＇Natural Science Foundation of China （20976012, 20806009）, and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education （20070007055, 20091101110035）.
文摘The removal of lead from ginseng ethanol extracts by a fixed-bed column filled with an adsorbent bearing amine and carboxyl groups was investigated. The Pb2+ content was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. When the flowrate increased from 0.12 to 0.34 ml·min-1 , the column exhibited a marked increase in percentage of lead removal from 54.9% to 92.3%. Further increase in the flowrate did not bring evident changes to the lead removal, whereas an increase in the temperature could reinforce adsorption further, suggesting that the adsorption process was controlled by external film diffusion below the flowrate of 0.34 ml·min-1 , and by the intraparticle pore diffusion of lead ions when the flowrate exceeded it. A low remaining lead amount in extracts such as 0.11 mg·kg-1 (extracts powder) was achieved. The adsorbents also adsorbed effective constituents to some extent. But 88% of constituents adsorbed were taken off using a 70% ethanol aqueous solution.
基金supported by the Natural Science Fund of Zhejiang Province (No. Y506255)
文摘To provide basic toxicity data for formulating risk characterization benchmarks, the effects of lead on survival, locomotion, and sperm morphology were investigated in the Asian earthworm Pheretima guillelmi. The LC50 of P. guiUelmi for 7 and 14 d were 4285＋339 mg/kg and 3207＋248 mg/kg, which shows P. guillelmi can tolerate a higher concentration of lead nitrate. The average weight of the surviving earthworms decreased at concentration of 2800 mg Pb/kg soil, and the locomotor ability of earthworms exposed to a range of soil Pb concentrations showed a general decrease with increasing Pb concentrations. We also presented data depicting the sperm morphology of earthworms, which shows potential as a sensitive biomarker for measuring the effects of heavy metal on reproduction.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of Phyllanthus(P.)amarus crude ethanol leaf extract and its effects on semen quality in male BALB/c mice.Methods:A total of 36 adult mice were divided into six groups,with 6 mice each.Five groups were infected with Plasmodium(P.)berghei,and one group was left uninfeceted.Of the five infected groups,one group was left untreated,three groups were treated with varying doses(100,250 and 400 mg/kg)of P.amarus crude ethanol leaf extract orally for 4 days,and another group was treated with standard drug,artemether and lumefantrine(Lonart®DS).Antiplasmodial activity,seminal quality,some biochemical indices(neutral毩-glucosidase,fructose,and citric acid)in seminal plasma and seminal antioxidant markers(catalase,glutathione peroxidase,reduced glutathione,malondialdehyde,total antioxidant capacity,and acid phosphates)were determined.The mice were euthanized 3 days post treatment and semen was collected from the caudal epididymis and processed for analysis using documented methods and procedures.Results:Malarial infection led to oxidative stress,causing a significant decline in seminal quality(P<0.05).However,treatment with P.amarus crude ethanol leaf extract alleviated oxidative stress and significantly improved seminal quality.The improvement was dose-dependent and compared well with the standard drug,artemether and lumefantrine(Lonart®DS)treatment.Conclusions:The ethanol leaf extracts of P.amarus alleviate male reproductive capacity during malaria infection in murine model by enhancing antioxidant activities.
文摘Although paternal ethanol （EtOH） abuse has been shown to affect the growth and behavior of offspring, the exact molecular and mechanistic basis remains largely unclear. Methylation alterations in imprinted genes may be related to well-documented teratogenic effects of ethanol. Here we show that chronic paternal ethanol exposure increases the susceptibility to abnormal behavior in offspring through male game epigenetic alteration. In our study, different doses of ethanol （0, 1,1, 3.3 g kg^-1） were administered intra-gastrically to male mice and decreased sperm motility was found in the highest ethanol-exposed group compared with the controls. Data also showed a dose-dependent increase in deaf mice of the paternally ethanol-exposed groups. The methylation of H19, Peg3, Ndn and Snrpn was assessed in paternal spermatozoa and in the cerebral cortices of deaf mice. EtOH affected methylation of Peg3 （CpG 3, 7 and 9） in paternal spermatozoa and in the cerebral cortices of deaf mice, but the level of mRNA expression did not change, suggesting that other gene regulation may be involved in these processes. Overall, chronic paternal ethanol exposure could alter the methylation of imprinted genes in sire spermatozoa that could also be passed on to offspring, giving rise to developmental disorders. Our results provide possible epigenetic evidence for a paternal ethanol exposure contribution to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome （FAS）.
文摘目的:通过对大鼠经输精管逆向注射30%乙醇的研究,初步探讨这种方法的抗生育效果及其安全性。方法:将30只SD雄性大鼠[3月龄,重(200±20)g],随机均分为实验和对照两组:分别用5号针头注射器(1 m l)取30%乙醇0.5 m l(实验组)和生理盐水0.5 m l(对照组)经每只雄性大鼠的输精管逆向注射。分别于1.5个月和3个月时各用60只SD雌性成年大鼠交配作妊娠试验来计算其雌鼠妊娠率,并在3个月后处死所有雄鼠,取出附睾组织在镜下检查其精子活力和精子畸形率;同时采用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法检查其生精细胞的凋亡情况。结果:实验组在1.5个月时交配后的雌鼠妊娠率为0,3个月时的a+b级精子为(0.32±1.12)%、雌鼠妊娠率为(0.58±1.27)%,与对照组[(80.62±2.68)%、(70.68±1.62)%、(86.62±1.68)%]相比,均有明显的下降(P<0.05);而精子畸形率[(78.26±1.08)%]与对照组[(20.34±1.26)%]相比,却出现了明显的上升(P<0.05);同时3个月时实验组大鼠的凋亡指数为(7.63±1.16)%,与对照组(5.62±1.32)%相比,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:乙醇经大鼠输精管逆向注射的方法在3个月内可产生明显的抗生育效果,但对其生精细胞没有显著性的影响。
