Climatic variability influences the hydrological cycle that subsequently affects the discharge in the stream. The variability in the climate can be represented by the ocean-atmospheric oscillations which provide the f...Climatic variability influences the hydrological cycle that subsequently affects the discharge in the stream. The variability in the climate can be represented by the ocean-atmospheric oscillations which provide the forecast opportunity for the streamflow. Prediction of future water availability accurately and reliably is a key step for successful water resource management in the arid regions. Four popular ocean-atmospheric indices were used in this study for annual streamflow volume prediction. They were Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Multivariate Relevance Vector Machine (MVRVM), a data driven model based on Bayesian learning approach was used as a prediction model. The model was applied to four unimpaired stream gages in Utah that spatially covers the state from north to south. Different models were developed based on the combinations of oscillation indices in the input. A total of 60 years (1950-2009) of data were used for the analysis. The model was trained on 50 years of data (1950-1999) and tested on 10 years of data (2000-2009). The best combination of oscillation indices and the lead-time were identified for each gage which was used to develop the prediction model. The predicted flow had reasonable agreement with the actual annual flow volume. The sensitivity analysis shows that the PDO and ENSO have relatively stronger effect compared to other oscillation indices in Utah. The prediction results from the MVRVM were compared with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) where MVRVM performed relatively better.展开更多
Economic responsibility audit evaluation of township cadres is important and difficult. According to the evaluation content and principles,the paper constructs the evaluation indicator of five subsystems: " econo...Economic responsibility audit evaluation of township cadres is important and difficult. According to the evaluation content and principles,the paper constructs the evaluation indicator of five subsystems: " economic management", " economic decision-making", " implementation of economic policy", " economic development",and " honest and upright administration". Through the field survey of some county in Chongqing,evaluation indicator is screened. According to the expert questionnaire,it uses the Hierarchy Analysis Process method to construct the judgment matrix and calculate the indicator weight and thereby build evaluation indicator system. It focuses on traditional indicators and evaluation indicator of sustainable development to construct a new,more complete evaluation indicator system.展开更多
Appropriate selection and measurement of lead biomarkers of exposure are critically important for health care management purposes,public health decision making,and primary prevention synthesis.Lead is one of the neuro...Appropriate selection and measurement of lead biomarkers of exposure are critically important for health care management purposes,public health decision making,and primary prevention synthesis.Lead is one of the neurotoxicants that seems to be involved in the etiology of psychologies.Biomarkers are generally classified into three groups:biomarkers of exposure,effect,and susceptibility.The main body compartments that store lead are the blood,soft tissues,and bone;the half-life of lead in these tissues is measured in weeks for blood,months for soft tissues,and years for bone.Within the brain,lead-induced damage in the prefrontal cerebral cortex,hippocampus,and cerebellum can lead to a variety of neurological disorders,such as brain damage,mental retardation,behavioral problems,nerve damage,and possibly Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and schizophrenia.This paper presents an overview of biomarkers of lead exposure and discusses the neurotoxic effects of lead with regard to children and adults.展开更多
Lead(Pb)pollution is one of the most widespread and harmful environmental problems worldwide.Determination of changes in soil properties and microbial functional diversity due to land use is needed to establish a basi...Lead(Pb)pollution is one of the most widespread and harmful environmental problems worldwide.Determination of changes in soil properties and microbial functional diversity due to land use is needed to establish a basis for remediation of soil pollution.This study aimed to investigate soils contaminated by Pb from different sources and to analyze the functional diversity and metabolism of soil microbial communities using Biolog technology.Pb pollution(>300 mg kg-1)significantly influenced the diversity and metabolic functions of soil microbial communities.Specifically,Pb contamination significantly reduced soil microbial biomass carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)levels and catalase activity while increasing invertase activity.Furthermore,Biolog EcoPlate assays revealed that Pb pollution reduced the general activities of soil microorganisms,suppressing their ability to utilize C sources.In Pb-contaminated areas lacking vegetation cover,Shannon,Simpson,and McIntosh diversity indices of soil microorganisms were significantly reduced.The microbial diversity and biomass C and N levels were affected by land use and soil properties,respectively,whereas soil enzyme activity was primarily affected by the interaction between land use and soil properties.Our results provide a reference and a theoretical basis for developing soil quality evaluation and remediation strategies.展开更多
Precise and timely prediction of crop yields is crucial for food security and the development of agricultural policies.However,crop yield is influenced by multiple factors within complex growth environments.Previous r...Precise and timely prediction of crop yields is crucial for food security and the development of agricultural policies.However,crop yield is influenced by multiple factors within complex growth environments.Previous research has paid relatively little attention to the interference of environmental factors and drought on the growth of winter wheat.Therefore,there is an urgent need for more effective methods to explore the inherent relationship between these factors and crop yield,making precise yield prediction increasingly important.This study was based on four type of indicators including meteorological,crop growth status,environmental,and drought index,from October 2003 to June 2019 in Henan Province as the basic data for predicting winter wheat yield.Using the sparrow search al-gorithm combined with random forest(SSA-RF)under different input indicators,accuracy of winter wheat yield estimation was calcu-lated.The estimation accuracy of SSA-RF was compared with partial least squares regression(PLSR),extreme gradient boosting(XG-Boost),and random forest(RF)models.Finally,the determined optimal yield estimation method was used to predict winter wheat yield in three typical years.Following are the findings:1)the SSA-RF demonstrates superior performance in estimating winter wheat yield compared to other algorithms.The best yield estimation method is achieved by four types indicators’composition with SSA-RF)(R^(2)=0.805,RRMSE=9.9%.2)Crops growth status and environmental indicators play significant roles in wheat yield estimation,accounting for 46%and 22%of the yield importance among all indicators,respectively.3)Selecting indicators from October to April of the follow-ing year yielded the highest accuracy in winter wheat yield estimation,with an R^(2)of 0.826 and an RMSE of 9.0%.Yield estimates can be completed two months before the winter wheat harvest in June.4)The predicted performance will be slightly affected by severe drought.Compared with severe drought year(2011)(R^(2)=0.680)and normal year(2017)(R^(2)=0.790),the SSA-RF model has higher prediction accuracy for wet year(2018)(R^(2)=0.820).This study could provide an innovative approach for remote sensing estimation of winter wheat yield.yield.展开更多
Project performance measurement offers a wide range of methods to help project managers monitor projects.However,several critical issues remain in project performance measurement,such as an unbalanced use of indicator...Project performance measurement offers a wide range of methods to help project managers monitor projects.However,several critical issues remain in project performance measurement,such as an unbalanced use of indicators due to a lack of prediction-based (leading) indicators with regard to outcome-based (lagging) indicators.For its part,systems engineering measurement,although a more recent discipline,offers a wide variety of indicators,including a set of leading indicators.As our objective is to increase project performance and success rates,this involves improving project performance measurement on which project management decisions are based.This purpose,the proposal put forward in this paper is to extend the number and type of indicators used in project performance measurement by adapting the leading indicators defined in systems engineering measurement.The methodology involves first mapping the systems engineering indicators with the project management activities,resulting in identification of a set of potentially useful indicators for measuring the different activities,then tailoring a selection of these indicators with project-specific data to define a set of the most relevant indicators for a given project.This methodology is illustrated by means of a case study in a manufacturing company.展开更多
Microwave radiation has been widely used in various fields,such as communication,industry,medical treatment,and military applications.Microwave radiation may cause injuries to both the structures and functions of vari...Microwave radiation has been widely used in various fields,such as communication,industry,medical treatment,and military applications.Microwave radiation may cause injuries to both the structures and functions of various organs,such as the brain,heart,reproductive organs,and endocrine organs,which endanger human health.Therefore,it is both theoretically and clinically important to conduct studies on the biological effects induced by microwave radiation.The successful establishment of injury models is of great importance to the reliability and reproducibility of these studies.In this article,we review the microwave exposure conditions,subjects used to establish injury models,the methods used for the assessment of the injuries,and the indicators implemented to evaluate the success of injury model establishment in studies on biological effects induced by microwave radiation.展开更多
Moist heat sterilization is one of the most common sterilization methods in hospitals.Among all the ways of sterilization monitoring,biological monitoring is the most accurate one,which has become the focus of numerou...Moist heat sterilization is one of the most common sterilization methods in hospitals.Among all the ways of sterilization monitoring,biological monitoring is the most accurate one,which has become the focus of numerous studies in recent years.Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC7953,as a kind of standard bacterial strain,receives much attention.Biological indicator(BI)able to read in shorter time is called as Rapid-Read biological indicator(RRBI).This article will introduce several characters of ATCC7953 including some simple parameters and spores germination.Additionally,the application of ATCC7953 in BI,especially RRBI,will also be covered.展开更多
Biological indicator(BI)is the gold standard in verifying the effectiveness of the sterilization processes.The resistance of biological indicators generally means the population of viable organism and D value.The popu...Biological indicator(BI)is the gold standard in verifying the effectiveness of the sterilization processes.The resistance of biological indicators generally means the population of viable organism and D value.The population and the D value are all not intrinsic,which will vary according to the lot,the manufacturer.Spores,carrier,recovery medium and the packaging compose the self-contained biological indicators.And all of the component will affect BI resistance.Different kinds of carrier spore inoculated on exhibit different manners to attach different D-values.Another factor that affects the resistance of BI is spore production methods.The sporulation conditions including temperature,p H,humidity,nutrient and ions content,largely influence the spore resistance to heat.Furthermore,resistometer performance and the different test method are also the major source of the D value variation.All the factors affect the resistance of biological in an comprehensive manner,and when a resistance variation occur,all the factors above should be taken into consideration.展开更多
文摘Climatic variability influences the hydrological cycle that subsequently affects the discharge in the stream. The variability in the climate can be represented by the ocean-atmospheric oscillations which provide the forecast opportunity for the streamflow. Prediction of future water availability accurately and reliably is a key step for successful water resource management in the arid regions. Four popular ocean-atmospheric indices were used in this study for annual streamflow volume prediction. They were Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Multivariate Relevance Vector Machine (MVRVM), a data driven model based on Bayesian learning approach was used as a prediction model. The model was applied to four unimpaired stream gages in Utah that spatially covers the state from north to south. Different models were developed based on the combinations of oscillation indices in the input. A total of 60 years (1950-2009) of data were used for the analysis. The model was trained on 50 years of data (1950-1999) and tested on 10 years of data (2000-2009). The best combination of oscillation indices and the lead-time were identified for each gage which was used to develop the prediction model. The predicted flow had reasonable agreement with the actual annual flow volume. The sensitivity analysis shows that the PDO and ENSO have relatively stronger effect compared to other oscillation indices in Utah. The prediction results from the MVRVM were compared with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) where MVRVM performed relatively better.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(SWU1409313)Business Management Cultivation Discipline of Rongchang Campus of Southwest University(RCQG207001)the Fifth Education Reform Project of Southwest University(2011JY111)
文摘Economic responsibility audit evaluation of township cadres is important and difficult. According to the evaluation content and principles,the paper constructs the evaluation indicator of five subsystems: " economic management", " economic decision-making", " implementation of economic policy", " economic development",and " honest and upright administration". Through the field survey of some county in Chongqing,evaluation indicator is screened. According to the expert questionnaire,it uses the Hierarchy Analysis Process method to construct the judgment matrix and calculate the indicator weight and thereby build evaluation indicator system. It focuses on traditional indicators and evaluation indicator of sustainable development to construct a new,more complete evaluation indicator system.
文摘Appropriate selection and measurement of lead biomarkers of exposure are critically important for health care management purposes,public health decision making,and primary prevention synthesis.Lead is one of the neurotoxicants that seems to be involved in the etiology of psychologies.Biomarkers are generally classified into three groups:biomarkers of exposure,effect,and susceptibility.The main body compartments that store lead are the blood,soft tissues,and bone;the half-life of lead in these tissues is measured in weeks for blood,months for soft tissues,and years for bone.Within the brain,lead-induced damage in the prefrontal cerebral cortex,hippocampus,and cerebellum can lead to a variety of neurological disorders,such as brain damage,mental retardation,behavioral problems,nerve damage,and possibly Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and schizophrenia.This paper presents an overview of biomarkers of lead exposure and discusses the neurotoxic effects of lead with regard to children and adults.
基金supported by the Major Basic Research Projects of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(Grant No.ZR2018ZC2363).
文摘Lead(Pb)pollution is one of the most widespread and harmful environmental problems worldwide.Determination of changes in soil properties and microbial functional diversity due to land use is needed to establish a basis for remediation of soil pollution.This study aimed to investigate soils contaminated by Pb from different sources and to analyze the functional diversity and metabolism of soil microbial communities using Biolog technology.Pb pollution(>300 mg kg-1)significantly influenced the diversity and metabolic functions of soil microbial communities.Specifically,Pb contamination significantly reduced soil microbial biomass carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)levels and catalase activity while increasing invertase activity.Furthermore,Biolog EcoPlate assays revealed that Pb pollution reduced the general activities of soil microorganisms,suppressing their ability to utilize C sources.In Pb-contaminated areas lacking vegetation cover,Shannon,Simpson,and McIntosh diversity indices of soil microorganisms were significantly reduced.The microbial diversity and biomass C and N levels were affected by land use and soil properties,respectively,whereas soil enzyme activity was primarily affected by the interaction between land use and soil properties.Our results provide a reference and a theoretical basis for developing soil quality evaluation and remediation strategies.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52079103)。
文摘Precise and timely prediction of crop yields is crucial for food security and the development of agricultural policies.However,crop yield is influenced by multiple factors within complex growth environments.Previous research has paid relatively little attention to the interference of environmental factors and drought on the growth of winter wheat.Therefore,there is an urgent need for more effective methods to explore the inherent relationship between these factors and crop yield,making precise yield prediction increasingly important.This study was based on four type of indicators including meteorological,crop growth status,environmental,and drought index,from October 2003 to June 2019 in Henan Province as the basic data for predicting winter wheat yield.Using the sparrow search al-gorithm combined with random forest(SSA-RF)under different input indicators,accuracy of winter wheat yield estimation was calcu-lated.The estimation accuracy of SSA-RF was compared with partial least squares regression(PLSR),extreme gradient boosting(XG-Boost),and random forest(RF)models.Finally,the determined optimal yield estimation method was used to predict winter wheat yield in three typical years.Following are the findings:1)the SSA-RF demonstrates superior performance in estimating winter wheat yield compared to other algorithms.The best yield estimation method is achieved by four types indicators’composition with SSA-RF)(R^(2)=0.805,RRMSE=9.9%.2)Crops growth status and environmental indicators play significant roles in wheat yield estimation,accounting for 46%and 22%of the yield importance among all indicators,respectively.3)Selecting indicators from October to April of the follow-ing year yielded the highest accuracy in winter wheat yield estimation,with an R^(2)of 0.826 and an RMSE of 9.0%.Yield estimates can be completed two months before the winter wheat harvest in June.4)The predicted performance will be slightly affected by severe drought.Compared with severe drought year(2011)(R^(2)=0.680)and normal year(2017)(R^(2)=0.790),the SSA-RF model has higher prediction accuracy for wet year(2018)(R^(2)=0.820).This study could provide an innovative approach for remote sensing estimation of winter wheat yield.yield.
基金The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviews for their help to improve the quality of the paper. The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, under grants 71690230, 71690235 and 71501055.
文摘Project performance measurement offers a wide range of methods to help project managers monitor projects.However,several critical issues remain in project performance measurement,such as an unbalanced use of indicators due to a lack of prediction-based (leading) indicators with regard to outcome-based (lagging) indicators.For its part,systems engineering measurement,although a more recent discipline,offers a wide variety of indicators,including a set of leading indicators.As our objective is to increase project performance and success rates,this involves improving project performance measurement on which project management decisions are based.This purpose,the proposal put forward in this paper is to extend the number and type of indicators used in project performance measurement by adapting the leading indicators defined in systems engineering measurement.The methodology involves first mapping the systems engineering indicators with the project management activities,resulting in identification of a set of potentially useful indicators for measuring the different activities,then tailoring a selection of these indicators with project-specific data to define a set of the most relevant indicators for a given project.This methodology is illustrated by means of a case study in a manufacturing company.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61801506)。
文摘Microwave radiation has been widely used in various fields,such as communication,industry,medical treatment,and military applications.Microwave radiation may cause injuries to both the structures and functions of various organs,such as the brain,heart,reproductive organs,and endocrine organs,which endanger human health.Therefore,it is both theoretically and clinically important to conduct studies on the biological effects induced by microwave radiation.The successful establishment of injury models is of great importance to the reliability and reproducibility of these studies.In this article,we review the microwave exposure conditions,subjects used to establish injury models,the methods used for the assessment of the injuries,and the indicators implemented to evaluate the success of injury model establishment in studies on biological effects induced by microwave radiation.
文摘Moist heat sterilization is one of the most common sterilization methods in hospitals.Among all the ways of sterilization monitoring,biological monitoring is the most accurate one,which has become the focus of numerous studies in recent years.Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC7953,as a kind of standard bacterial strain,receives much attention.Biological indicator(BI)able to read in shorter time is called as Rapid-Read biological indicator(RRBI).This article will introduce several characters of ATCC7953 including some simple parameters and spores germination.Additionally,the application of ATCC7953 in BI,especially RRBI,will also be covered.
文摘Biological indicator(BI)is the gold standard in verifying the effectiveness of the sterilization processes.The resistance of biological indicators generally means the population of viable organism and D value.The population and the D value are all not intrinsic,which will vary according to the lot,the manufacturer.Spores,carrier,recovery medium and the packaging compose the self-contained biological indicators.And all of the component will affect BI resistance.Different kinds of carrier spore inoculated on exhibit different manners to attach different D-values.Another factor that affects the resistance of BI is spore production methods.The sporulation conditions including temperature,p H,humidity,nutrient and ions content,largely influence the spore resistance to heat.Furthermore,resistometer performance and the different test method are also the major source of the D value variation.All the factors affect the resistance of biological in an comprehensive manner,and when a resistance variation occur,all the factors above should be taken into consideration.
