Metallogeny of the Baiyangping Lead-Zinc Polymetallic Ore Concentration Area, Northern Lanping Basin of Yunnan Province, China

The Lanping Basin in the Nujiang-Lancangjiang-Jinshajiang （the Sanjiang） area of northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is an important part of eastern Tethyan metallogenic domain. This basin hosts a number of large unique sediment-hosted Pb-Zn polymetallic deposits or ore districts, such as the Baiyangping ore concentration area which is one of the representative ore district. The Baiyangping ore concentration area can be divided into the east and west ore belts, which were formed in a folded tectogene of the India-Asia continental coUisional setting and was controlled by a large reverse fault. Field observations reveal that the Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary strata were outcropped in the mining area, and that the orebodies are obviously controlled by faults and hosted in sandstone and carbonate rocks. However, the oreforming elements in the east ore belt are mainly Pb-Zn -Sr-Ag, while Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Co elements are dominant in the west ore belt. Comparative analysis of the C-O-Sr-S-Pb isotopic compositions suggest that both ore belts had a homogeneous carbon source, and the carbon in hydrothermal calcite is derived from the dissolution of carbonate rock strata; the ore- forming fluids were originated from formation water and precipitate water, which belonged to basin brine fluid system; sulfur was from organic thermal chemical sulfate reduction and biological sulfate reduction; the metal mineralization material was from sedimentary strata and basement, but the difference of the material source of the basement and the strata and the superimposed mineralization of the west ore belt resulted in the difference of metallogenic elements between the eastern and western metallogenic belts. The Pb-Zn mineralization age of both ore belts was contemporary and formed in the same metaliogenetic event. Both thrust formed at the same time and occurred at the Early Oligocene, which is consistent with the age constrained by field geological relationship.

Metallogenic Prediction of the Peripheral Areas of the Xiyi Concealed Lead-Zinc Deposit in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province

The newly-discovered Xiyi lead-zinc deposit is a large deposit located in the north central Baoshan block of the southern Sanjiang metallogenic belt section, Southwest China.The surface of the deposit is mainly covered by eluvial-deluvial lateritic layer, without any mineralized outcrops. The main concealed orebody V3 is buffed in the depth of 300-500m. The orebodies are controlled by certain stratigraphic horizons, and most are cut by strata with a high angle, while a few occur along the strata. The direct wall rocks are calcisiltite, calclithite, bioclastic calcarenite,

Spatial distribution and ecological risk of heavy metals and their source apportionment in soils from a typical mining area, Inner Mongolia, China

Determining the distributions and sources of heavy metals in soils and assessing ecological risks are fundamental tasks in the control and management of pollution in mining areas.In this study,we selected 244 sampling sites around a typical lead(Pb)and zinc(Zn)mining area in eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China and measured the content of six heavy metals,including cuprum(Cu),Zn,Pb,arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),and chromium(Cr).The ecological risk of heavy metals was comprehensively evaluated using the Geo-accumulation index,Nemerow general pollution index,and potential ecological risk index.The heavy metals were traced using correlation analysis and principal component analysis.The results showed that the highest content of heavy metals was found in 0–5 cm soil layer in the study area.The average content of Zn,As,Pb,Cu,Cr,and Cd was 670,424,235,162,94,and 4 mg/kg,respectively,all exceeding the risk screening value of agricultural soil in China.The areas with high content of soil heavy metals were mainly distributed near the tailings pond.The study area was affected by a combination of multiple heavy metals,with Cd and As reaching severe pollution levels.The three pathways of exposure for carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks were ranked as inhalation>oral ingestion>dermal absorption.The heavy metals in the study area posed certain hazards to human health.Specifically,oral ingestion of these heavy metals carried carcinogenic risks for both children and adults,as well as noncarcinogenic risks for children.There were differences in the sources of different heavy metals.The tailings pond had a large impact on the accumulation of Cd,Zn,and Pb.The source of Cr was the soil parent material,the source of As was mainly the soil matrix,and the source of Cu was mainly the nearby Cu ore.The purpose of this study is to more accurately understand the extent,scope,and source of heavy metals pollution near a typical mining area,providing effective help to solve the problem of heavy metals pollution.

Recommendations for Large-scale Farmland Operation in Hilly Areas Based on Long Tail Theory

At the background of urban and rural integration,this paper analyzed and discussed factors restricting large-scale farmland operation in China's hilly areas from the qualitative perspective. It recognized large-scale farmland operation on the basis of the long tail theory. Finally,it came up with recommendations for developing large-scale farmland operation in hilly areas.

基于雷达探测数据的尾涡危险区评估

针对尾涡危险区域的研究可以有效避免后机尾涡危险遭遇事件的发生,提出了一种基于激光雷达探测数据的尾涡危险区计算方法。根据雷达实测数据反演飞机尾涡的演化轨迹和速度环量;基于后机遭遇前机尾涡的空气动力学响应构建滚转力矩系数模型;考虑尾涡在实际场景下的演化情况,结合反演得到的尾涡特征参数,计算飞机遭遇尾涡时的滚转力矩并计算尾涡危险区。结果表明:基于激光雷达探测数据反演尾涡特征参数,左涡和右涡的位置、环量并不一致,据此结合滚转力矩系数模型计算得到的整体危险区域也具有不对称性,当单涡更稳定时,对应的危险区域也更大。以B738为后机,选取某一尾涡探测片段验证,对于涡心坐标位置为左涡(390 m,8.61°),右涡(435 m,8.85°)的尾涡,左涡、右涡的环量分别为256.83 m^(2)/s和223.35 m^(2)/s,左涡相对右涡实际划设的危险区覆盖范围更大,因此后机与前机左右尾涡的安全阈值区域不同,可据此对横向间隔做出不同调整,因此所提方法有利于为分析后机遭遇安全性、缩短尾流间隔提出重要参考。

栾川矿集区钼矿尾渣与土壤中钼的迁移转化机理

为提供栾川矿集区所在流域下游水源地陆浑水库Mo污染的源头控制依据,开展了6座钼矿尾矿库尾渣和土壤的野外调查及三道庄尾矿库尾渣和土壤的Mo赋存形态分析和降雨淋滤试验,以探讨Mo在钼矿尾渣与土壤中的迁移转化机理。结果显示,尾矿库尾渣Mo平均含量为238.24 mg/kg,浸出液Mo含量达0.26 mg/L;土壤Mo平均含量为125.88 mg/kg;尾渣残渣态Mo占比97.71%,土壤残渣态Mo占比63.66%,可交换态和碳酸盐结合态分别占比22.35%和11.80%。酸-偏碱性降雨淋滤后,尾渣中残渣态Mo占比不同程度减少,中-偏碱性降雨更利于尾渣残渣态Mo向碳酸盐结合态转化,使之由淋滤前的1.19%分别增加到18.85%和24.14%,提高了尾渣中Mo的迁移性。酸性降雨时土壤铁锰氧化态和有机态Mo占比大幅度升高,其他形态Mo占比均一定幅度降低;中性-偏碱性降雨时土壤残渣态和有机态Mo占比升高,碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化态大幅度降低,表示酸性降雨可促进土壤中形成铁锰等钼酸盐,而中-偏碱性降雨可能有利于土壤中形成铁锰等氢氧化物和碳酸盐,阻碍了铁锰等钼酸盐的产生,一定程度上提高了Mo的迁移性。因尾渣和土壤矿物组成和理化性质不同,降雨淋滤下Mo在两者中的迁移转化机理存在一定差异,但总体而言,酸-偏碱性降雨均可促进Mo的迁移转化,从而影响水土环境。

铁尾矿泥对全尾矿混凝土强度及早期收缩性能的影响

为了最大程度地利用铁尾矿资源,实现混凝土的绿色可持续发展,本文采用铁尾矿泥作掺合料,铁尾矿碎石和铁尾矿砂分别作为粗、细骨料,配制强度等级为C30的全尾矿混凝土。将20%、30%和40%(质量分数)比表面积为320和432 m^(2)·kg^(-1)的铁尾矿泥作为全尾矿混凝土掺合料,研究铁尾矿泥掺量和细度对混凝土工作性能、力学性能和早期收缩性能的影响。结果表明:当铁尾矿泥的细度为320~432 m^(2)·kg^(-1)、掺量在20%~30%时,与以粉煤灰为掺合料的常规混凝土相比,全尾矿混凝土劈裂抗拉强度提高了6.6%~12.8%,7 d收缩率减少了10.4%~26.3%。微观结构分析表明,当掺量在20%~30%时,铁尾矿泥作为掺合料可以提高混凝土的密实性,降低全尾矿混凝土的早期收缩。

铁尾矿人工湿地填料的制备及其成孔机理研究

为解决铁尾矿堆积问题,以铁尾矿和木屑粉为主要原料,制备出性能较好的铁尾矿人工湿地填料FITCWS。该填料焙烧前后的主要矿物成分由长石和角闪石转变为辉石。焙烧温度(T)、木屑粉用量(η)、木屑粉粒径(dw)和尾矿粒径(di)均可影响FITCWS的物理性能。T是影响吸水率和颗粒强度的主要因素,dw和di是影响比表面积和孔容的主要因素,dw、T和di是影响孔径的主要因素。T越高,FITCWS的颗粒强度越大,吸水率越低;dw和di越小,FITCWS表面的粗糙度越低,比表面积、孔容和孔径越大。制备FITCWS的优选方案是:η为0.3,T为1200℃,dw和di均为200~250目(58~74μm),所制FITCWS的吸水率为44%,颗粒强度为115.9 N,比表面积为6.932 m^(2)/g,孔容为0.017 cm^(3)/g,孔径为3.169 nm,孔形为通透的狭缝。

地震多发区尾矿抗液化强度与动力变形特性试验

为了研究地震多发区尾矿的抗液化强度和动力变形特性,以某上游法尾矿库中尾矿为研究对象,首先探究沉积固结方式与尾矿细粒含量(FC)的关系;此外,通过开展动三轴试验研究FC对尾矿抗液化性能和动力变形特性的影响,并从尾矿的微观结构特征出发,分析FC对尾矿动力变形特性的作用机制.结果表明:上层尾矿主要经历淋滤固结和化学固结,下层尾矿主要经历自重固结,而FC随取样深度非线性增加.对数坐标下的动剪应力随动循环次数增加近似线性减小,而有效固结围压(σ′_(3c))增大使尾矿颗粒接触更加紧密,导致尾矿结构破坏需要更强的动载荷.尾矿的抗液化强度随FC增加先降低后升高,FC越小,尾矿的抗液化强度越高、循环应力比衰减越快,而FC变化对动孔隙水压比的影响较小.尾矿的动孔隙水压比–振次比曲线呈现“减速增长—稳定增长—加速增长”的3阶段发展趋势,而较大的固结压力能够在一定程度上抑制动孔隙水压增长,此外,基于三参数动孔隙水压模型,得到了适用于本文尾矿的两参数动孔隙水压简化模型.随着FC增大,尾矿的动剪切模量先减小后增大、阻尼比先增大后减小,尾矿的动力变形特性逐渐由粗颗粒控制向细颗粒控制转变,该过程细粒含量存在临界值.研究结果可为地震多发区尾矿库稳定性评价及尾矿动力分析提供理论依据.

岩溶区排泥库泥浆泄漏应急处置管理经验探讨

岩溶区排泥库具有尾矿粒度细和地质条件复杂两大特点,致使近年来泥浆泄漏事故频发。泥浆通过岩溶通道外泄至周边水系,污染下游河道、水塘、泉眼等,对库区周边生态环境及居民生产、生活造成极坏的负面影响和极大的经济损失。如何有效应对甚至避免该类事故,成为工程技术人员、厂矿企业及地方政府密切关心的问题,也给排泥库设计、建设及管理人员提出极大的挑战。针对排泥库的泄漏特点和应急处置难点,系统分析排泥库从选址、设计、施工至运行全寿命周期过程中所应关注的重点,包括地质勘察、岩溶治理、应急管理体系、泄漏点处置及应急池建设等。结合近年来排泥库建设、管理过程中总结、积累的相关经验,同时借鉴行业专家针对尾矿库突发事件的应急处置经验,提出了排泥库泄漏应急处置管理应具备的全新理念。并通过工程案例,明确排泥库泥浆泄漏应急处置管理的重点、难点,以及具体实践过程中可参考的思路和方法,对提高排泥库应急处置管理水平和化解泥浆泄漏风险具有较大的现实意义。

昌化铅锌矿尾矿库土壤重金属纵向污染特征

为了解昌江铅锌矿尾矿库区重金属组成特征及纵向迁移规律,在研究区尾矿库均匀选择6个深钻孔,分层采集了深度为0~15.4 m的土壤和岩石样品,以及在尾矿库区周边土地选择6个浅钻孔,采集了0~1.3 m土壤样品,分析了尾矿库区重金属组成特征及纵向迁移规律。结果表明:1)研究区尾矿库表层土壤中Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb 4元素的平均含量严重偏高,尤其是Zn、Cd和Pb;2)研究区尾矿库土壤主要受到Cd、Pb和Zn的污染,且污染深度已达到了5.8 m;3)尾矿库土壤层及其外围土地表层土壤中Cd、Zn和Pb元素含量较高与尾矿库区堆放过大量的矿渣、尾矿和选矿场废弃物等有密切关系;4)尾矿库外围土地表层土壤重金属含量低于尾矿库表层土壤,但Cd、Zn和Pb元素含量仍然较高。如研究区尾矿库外围土地要作为保障农业生产的土地使用,需对其重金属进行治理。

白云鄂博矿区土壤重构及植被恢复试验研究

为了促进白云鄂博矿区固废资源化利用及矿山生态环境修复,针对矿区气候条件特殊,高寒、干旱、多风、缺少治理表土等问题,研究利用矿区尾砂和污水处理厂发酵污泥为原料进行土壤重构试验,并探究不同配比的重构土土壤特性和其中植物的生长情况。试验结果表明:利用矿区尾砂和污水处理厂的发酵污泥可制备重构土,随着污泥含量的提高,重构土土壤容重有效降低,有机质含量明显提高,土壤中的N、P等营养元素含量提高,有利于植物的生长和植被的恢复。

某金属矿区尾矿库水环境治理方案

为了解决金属矿区“磺水”污染的突出问题,采集了陕西省某金属矿区尾矿库废水,分析其水质现状,结合废水污染特点、废水处理方法和废水处理经济性等因素,提出合理的处理工艺。结果发现:尾矿库废水中NH_(3)-N、COD、F^(-)、SS、Zn、Cr^(6+)存在不同程度超标,但“磺水”产生的主要原因是由于Fe^(3+)生成的沉淀。提出了“中和+曝气+沉淀”处理工艺,Fe^(2+)将Cr^(6+)还原为Cr^(3+),Fe^(2+)被氧化为Fe^(3+),Cr^(3+)和Fe^(3+)最终分别转化为Cr(OH)_(3)沉淀、Fe(OH)_(3)沉淀,废水中的Fe^(3+)和Cr^(6+)被有效去除,实现达标排放。

忻州市农田灌溉水有效利用系数测算及建议

为分析农田灌溉用水现状水平,忻州市选取了20个样点灌区,在测算样点灌区农田灌溉水有效利用系数的基础上推算全市系数。结果表明:全市2021年、2022年农田灌溉水有效利用系数分别为0.552、0.560,2022年较2021年增幅为1.45%。文章指出了当前存在的问题,并提出了提升测算系数水平和精度的建议,可为忻州市灌溉工程建设实施提供参考依据。

尾矿库区碎石土边坡稳定性及加固分析

针对尾矿库区碎石土边坡的特殊性质,文章采用先进的数值模拟方法,结合摩尔-库伦屈服准则对边坡的稳定性进行了综合评估。通过对比不同桩型(A型桩和B型桩)及桩位组合,发现桩位的变化对边坡稳定性系数具有显著影响。特别是A型桩的桩位变化引起的边坡稳定性系数变化范围较大,这表明A型桩在加固碎石土边坡方面具有较高的敏感性。因此,在实际工程中,应优先考虑将A型桩布设于关键位置,以最大限度地提高边坡的稳定性。

Marketing Strategy of Rural Supermarket Chain in Ningxia Based on the Long Tail

Based on the introduction of the Long Tail,the political,economical,social and technological environment for the development of rural supermarket chain in Ningxia is analyzed.The problems in the marketing strategy of Ningxia rural supermarket chain are pointed out,including single products and uneven level of quality,the products,which can not satisfy farmers' needs;low quality of the personnel and imperfect information system,thus the traditional way of marketing is challenged.In the end,from the perspective of products,position,price,and personnel,the marketing strategies for the development of Ningxia rural supermarket chain based on the Long Tail Theory are put forward.

广西某铅锌尾矿库区土壤中重金属Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu的分布特征及源解析

针对广西某铅锌尾矿库区周边土壤中重金属Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu的含量、分布特征及其污染源,采用地统计学分析法和正定矩阵因子分解法进行了探究。含量测定结果表明,尾矿库区土壤中4种金属含量平均值分别为19.49(Cd)、465.65(Pb)、206.58(Zn)和36.64(Cu)mg/kg,分别是广西土壤背景值的73.0(Cd)、19.4(Pb)、2.7(Zn)和1.3(Cu)倍;以农用地土壤标准计,超标率分别为100%(Cd)、43.5%(Pb)、43.5%(Zn)和26.1%(Cu),其平均含量为农用地土壤污染风险筛选值的65.0(Cd)、5.17(Pb)、1.03(Zn)和0.73(Cu)倍。重金属空间分布结果表明,Cd在尾矿库东面和南面区域含量达到20~80 mg/kg,西北方向在一定范围内由近及远呈梯级分布;Pb和Zn主要分布在东部和西部,Cu则主要分布在东面。源解析结果表明,该尾矿库区土壤中4种重金属的来源主要包括铅锌工业活动源、交通运输源和土壤母质源,各污染源的平均贡献率分别为46.34%、28.02%、25.64%。铅锌工业活动和交通运输是尾矿库区土壤重金属污染的主要来源,是污染防治措施制定和实施的主要对象。

基于等效面积修正的铁尾矿砂浆分形维数与力学性能

为研究铁尾矿砂浆孔隙结构与力学性能的关系,对普通砂浆(NSM)、铁尾矿砂浆(NTM)、丙烯酸普通砂浆(ASM)、丙烯酸铁尾矿砂浆(ATM)、玄武岩普通砂浆(BSM)、玄武岩铁尾矿砂浆(BTM)、丙烯酸-玄武岩普通砂浆(ABSM)和丙烯酸-玄武岩铁尾矿砂浆(ABTM)进行抗压强度试验和抗折强度强度试验。采用Rapidair457孔结构分析仪获取砂浆孔结构特征参数,引入轮廓系数和圆度对孔隙面积进行修正,得到3种等效孔隙面积,给出基于等效面积修正的铁尾矿砂浆分形维数与力学性能的关系。结果表明:单掺铁尾矿砂和玄武岩纤维提高了NSM的抗压强度和抗折强度,单掺丙烯酸乳液降低了NSM的抗压强度和抗折强度;单掺丙烯酸乳液和玄武岩纤维降低了NTM的抗压强度和抗折强度;复掺丙烯酸乳液和玄武岩纤维降低了NSM的抗压强度,提高了NSM的抗折强度,降低了NTM的抗压强度和抗折强度。铁尾矿砂、丙烯酸乳液和玄武岩纤维的掺入均会增大砂浆含气量,且含气量与抗压强度和抗折强度均呈负相关。引入轮廓系数和圆度对砂浆孔隙面积进行修正,可提高分形维数计算精度,进而更为准确地表征分形维数与力学性能的关系。基于等效面积3修正的分形维数与抗压强度和抗折强度的相关性最高,说明同时考虑孔隙轮廓系数和圆度更符合孔隙实际情况。

Pb掺杂尾煤基纳米TiO2的制备及光催化降解PAM废水的研究

聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作为一种高效絮凝剂被广泛应用于水处理过程,残留PAM解聚生成的丙烯酰胺单体(AM)已被列为ⅡA类致癌物,对其处理迫在眉睫。选用浮选尾煤(TC)为原料,通过碱激发制备出改性尾煤基体,采用水热法将纳米TiO_(2)负载到改性尾煤基体,制备了尾煤基纳米TiO_(2)复合材料(TiO_(2)/TC)和Pb掺杂尾煤基纳米TiO_(2)复合材料(Pb-TiO_(2)/TC)。以PAM为目标污染物分析了TC、改性尾煤基体、TiO_(2)/TC和Pb-TiO_(2)/TC的光催化降解性能,通过XRD、SEM、UV-vis和BET对样品进行表征,结合高效液相色谱−质谱联用技术对降解产物的分析与研究,探究了PAM的降解机理。研究结果表明:TC呈不规则状态,表面较为粗糙;TiO_(2)/TC的表面疏松,孔隙结构明显,细管状TiO_(2)均匀包覆在改性尾煤基体表面;Pb-TiO_(2)/TC的结构更加蓬松,改性尾煤基体负载着更多的细管状TiO_(2)。TiO_(2)/TC的禁带宽度为3.16 eV,Pb^(2+)掺杂使Pb-TiO_(2)/TC的禁带宽度减小到3.08 eV。TiO_(2)的比表面积为286.66 m^(2)/g,TiO_(2)/TC和Pb-TiO_(2)/TC的比表面积分别为360.33 m^(2)/g和358.54 m^(2)/g,较高的比表面积为反应提供更多活性位点,产生的吸附−催化协同效应显著提升光催化效率。TC和改性尾煤基体对PAM的降解效率分别为3.39%和4.68%,TiO_(2)负载后的TiO_(2)/TC和Pb-TiO_(2)/TC对聚丙烯酰胺的降解率提升至38.92%和63.87%,经过5次循环使用后TiO_(2)/TC和Pb-TiO_(2)/TC的光催化性能基本保持不变。PAM的降解过程中大分子PAM断链变成小分子量PAM分子,进一步氧化分解为NO3−、丙烯酸、乙酰胺和乙酸等。

环境感知对农户亲环境行为意愿的影响——以大宝山尾矿区生态修复为例

在国家大力推进生态环境治理和生态修复的背景下,矿山周边的农户作为环境破坏的受害者和生态修复的主要参与者,其参与意愿的高低关系到政府环境治理政策能否发挥良好作用。以大宝山尾矿区为例,构建包括价值感知、政策感知和禀赋感知对亲环境行为意愿的影响模型,探讨环境感知对农户亲环境行为意愿的影响机制。研究发现:1)价值感知包括经济和生态2个维度,且均会对农户的亲环境行为意愿产生直接正向影响;禀赋感知包括精力和能力2个维度,且均会对其亲环境行为意愿产生影响;政策感知包括感知政府、感知矿企和邻居朋友态度3个维度,对其亲环境行为意愿不产生直接影响,但可通过价值感知和禀赋感知对其亲环境行为意愿产生间接影响。2)收入的提高、感知矿企的态度以及精力和能力的感知是农户亲环境行为意愿的重要影响因素。政府需将传统手段与新型网络平台结合,加强环境治理多渠道宣传、就业能力培养和邻里示范等,以提升农户亲环境行为意愿。