Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on leaf nutrient concentrations and nutrient resorption efficiency of two dominant alpine grass species

Nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are two essential nutrients that determine plant growth and many nutrient cycling processes.Increasing N and P deposition is an important driver of ecosystem changes.However,in contrast to numerous studies about the impacts of nutrient addition on forests and temperate grasslands,how plant foliar stoichiometry and nutrient resorption respond to N and P addition in alpine grasslands is poorly understood.Therefore,we conducted an N and P addition experiment(involving control,N addition,P addition,and N+P addition)in an alpine grassland on Kunlun Mountains(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China)in 2016 and 2017 to investigate the changes in leaf nutrient concentrations(i.e.,leaf N,Leaf P,and leaf N:P ratio)and nutrient resorption efficiency of Seriphidium rhodanthum and Stipa capillata,which are dominant species in this grassland.Results showed that N addition has significant effects on soil inorganic N(NO_(3)^(-)-N and NH_(4)^(+)-N)and leaf N of both species in the study periods.Compared with green leaves,leaf nutrient concentrations and nutrient resorption efficiency in senesced leaves of S.rhodanthum was more sensitive to N addition,whereas N addition influenced leaf N and leaf N:P ratio in green and senesced leaves of S.capillata.N addition did not influence N resorption efficiency of the two species.P addition and N+P addition significantly improved leaf P and had a negative effect on P resorption efficiency of the two species in the study period.These influences on plants can be explained by increasing P availability.The present results illustrated that the two species are more sensitive to P addition than N addition,which implies that P is the major limiting factor in the studied alpine grassland ecosystem.In addition,an interactive effect of N+P addition was only discernable with respect to soil availability,but did not affect plants.Therefore,exploring how nutrient characteristics and resorption response to N and P addition in the alpine grassland is important to understand nutrient use strategy of plants in terrestrial ecosystems.

Spatial patterns of leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across southeast to central Tibet

Leaf N and P stoichiometry in terrestrial ecosystems has been widely investigated in recent years owing to the importance of these elements in improving the predicted vegetation responses to global changes.The vertical distribution of leaf N and P stoichiometry has attracted increasing attention because of the dramatic changes in environmental factors at regional scales.However,the characteristics of leaf N and P stoichiometry in the southeast Qinghai–Tibet plateau(SET)are not clear,although this area is sensitive to global change.Here,we analyzed the leaf N and P concentrations in dominant plant species on natural altitudinal gradients on the Duoxiongla(DXL),Sejila(SJL),Mila(ML),and Gangbala(GBL)mountains across the SET all the way to central Tibet.Our results showed that the leaf N concentrations were comparable among the regions,whereas the leaf P concentrations dramatically decreased from SET to central Tibet(CT).The leaf N concentrations were 23.6,21.3,20.8,and 22.4 g kg^(-1),and the leaf P concentrations were 2.40,2.49,1.94,and 1.59 g kg^(-1) on the SJL,DXL,ML and GBL mountains,respectively.The leaf N/P ratios on the DXL,SJL,ML,and GBL mountains were 8.81,10.3,11.2,and 14.2,respectively.Considering the increasing trend of the leaf N/P ratio from southeast Qinghai–Tibet plateau to central Tibet,N limitation might widely exist in well vegetated ecosystems in the Qinghai–Tibet plateau.

Impact of fertilization on chestnut growth, N and P concentrations in runoff water on degraded slope land in South China

Growing fruit trees on the slopes of rolling hills in South China was causing serious environmental problems because of heavy application of chemical fertilizers and soil erosion. Suitable sources of fertilizers and proper rates of applications were of key importance to both crop yields and environmental protection. In this article, the impact of four fertilizers, i.e., inorganic compound fertilizer, organic compound fertilizer, pig manure compost, and peanut cake （peanut oil pressing residue）, on chestnut （Castanea mollissima Blume） growth on a slope in South China, and on the total N and total P concentrations in runoff waters have been investigated during two years of study, with an orthogonal experimental design. Results show that the organic compound fertilizer and peanut cake promote the heights of young chestnut trees compared to the control. In addition, peanut cake increases single-fruit weights and organic compound fertilizer raises single-seed weights. All the fertilizers increased the concentrations of total N and total P in runoff waters, except for organic compound fertilizer, in the first year experiment. The observed mean concentrations of total N varied from 1.6 mg/L to 3.2 mg/L and P from 0.12 mg/L to 0.22 mg/L, which were increased with the amount of fertilizer applications, with no pattern of direct proportion. On the basis of these experiment results, organic compound fertilizer at 2 kg/tree and peanut cake at 1 kg/tree are recommended to maximize chestnut growth and minimize water pollution.

Effects of leaf N concentration and leaf area index on determining rice tillering

Relative tillering rate(RTR)increased linear-ly with the increasing of leaf N concentration(NLV)has been already reported.To testwhether this relationship could be used toquantitatively explain the difference in tilleringamong a wide range of N application,field ex- periments were conducted at the IRRI farm,Los Banos,Laguna,the Philippines.Two in- dica cultivars,IR 72 and IR68284H wereused.For each cultivar,12 treatments includ- ing 4 N levels(0,60,120,and 180kgN·ha)and 3 transplanting spacing(30×20,20×20,and 10×20cm)were arranged in a ran-domized split-plot design with 4 replications.The N treatments were designated as mainplots and spacings as subplots.Fourteen-day-old seedlings were transplanted with 3seedlings per hill.The subplot area was 20m~2.Nitrogen fertilizer was applied as basal,atmidtillering,and at panicle initiation in threeequal splits.P,K,and Zn were applied asbasal at normal dosage.The field was flooded.Plant samples were taken every 7-14 d from 14d after transplanting to flower

天坑森林植物叶-凋落物-土壤C、N、P生态化学计量特征

为探究广西乐业大石围天坑森林群落的C、N、P养分循环特征,比较了天坑内外森林群落的植物叶片-凋落物-土壤C、N、P含量及其化学计量比,采用相关性分析和冗余分析等统计方法研究其内在联系和相互影响。结果表明,与天坑外部森林相比,天坑内部森林植物叶片和凋落物呈现出C低N、P高,土壤为C、N低P高的格局。植物叶片C:N、C:P与凋落物C、N:P显著正相关,植物叶片C与土壤P显著负相关;天坑外部森林的植物叶片N、N:P与土壤N:P显著负相关,植物叶片C:N与土壤C、C:N显著正相关,说明天坑森林内部凋落物的C、P养分可能主要来源于植物叶片,而天坑外部森林的植物叶片C、N主要来自土壤。土壤C:N:P对植物叶、凋落物的C:N:P变化的解释率分别为90.7%和50.6%,其中土壤P对植物叶和凋落物的C:N:P计量特征变化的解释度最高,坑内生境植物对P含量变化更为敏感、坑外植物对于N含量变化更为敏感,表明天坑内部森林可能是P素受限位点、天坑外部森林是N素受限位点。喀斯特天坑内部森林和外部森林植物叶-凋落物-土壤的C:N:P的差异和联系,体现了天坑内外森林群落的养分循环特征和植物群落的适应性。

水曲柳叶片功能性状及C、N、P化学计量对海拔的响应

【目的】水曲柳是小陇山主要珍贵的用材树种,探讨其叶片性状对小生境变化的适应性,可为深入研究影响该树种的主要环境因子提供理论基础。【方法】以黑河保护区天然水曲柳为研究对象,分析4个海拔梯度(1268,1529,1741,1926 m)间14种叶片功能性状和叶片营养元素含量的差异显著性及其相关性。【结果】(1)随海拔升高,叶片厚度、干物质含量和叶绿素含量逐渐增大,并分别在海拔1741 m、1926 m、1741 m处达到最大,比叶面积、最大净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶C和N含量则逐渐减少,除叶C含量外均在海拔1268 m达到最大。叶面积、气孔导度和叶C∶N随着海拔升高呈先增后降的趋势,胞间CO_(2)浓度、C∶P和N∶P呈先降后升的趋势。(2)海拔平均每上升200 m,叶片功能性状和C∶N平均增加1.13%~30.72%,比叶面积、最大净光合速率和C、N含量减小2.22%~15.75%。(3)各海拔叶N∶P为4.36~6.89,与最大净光合速率呈极显著正相关。最大净光合速率与比叶面积、C和N含量、C∶P和N∶P呈极显著正相关,与叶片厚度、干物质含量和叶绿素含量呈极显著负相关,比叶面积与干物质含量呈极显著负相关,与C和N含量和C∶P呈极显著正相关。【结论】海拔显著影响水曲柳叶片功能性状及元素含量,海拔1700 m以下有利于叶的发育和养分的积累。

Relationship Between the N Concentration of the Leaf Subtending Boll and the Cotton Fiber Quality

This experiments were conducted in Nanjing （118~50＂E, 32~02＂N） and Xuzhou （117~11 ＂E, 34~15＂N）, Jiangsu Province, China, to study the response of fiber quality to the N concentration of the leaf subtending boll in cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.）. Results suggested that the N dilution curve of the leaf subtending boll can accurately indicate the stage- specific plant N status for fiber development. Fiber strength is likely to be the most variable fiber quality index responding to the leaf N variation which is different in cultivars. Fiber length was the most stable index among strength, length, micronaire, and elongation. There existed an optimum leaf N concentration for fiber strength development in each stage. The optimum leaf N regression curve was very close to the N dilution curve in the middle positional fruiting branches under the 240 kg N ha-1 soil N application rate.

Concentrations of foliar and surface soil in nutrients Pinus spp. plantations in relation to species and stand age in Zhanggutai sandy land, northeast China

The concentrations of the foliar and surface soil nutrients and the variation with species and stand age were studied inPinus spp. plantations in Zhanggutai area, northeast China. The results showed that the total N, total P and C: N ratio of the soil inP. sylvestris var.mongolica stands were significantly higher in comparison with those inP. tabulaeformis andP. densiflora stands. ForP. sylvestris var.mongolica, the foliar P concentration appeared to decrease with age, and the foliar N and K concentrations did not show a consistent change with age. As for the different tree species of the similar age, the foliar N and P concentrations were significantly different (p<0.05), being withP. sylvestris var.mongolica>P. densiflora>P. tabulaeformis. The foliar N: P ratio ofP. densiflora significantly was higher thanP. sylvestris var.mongolica andP. tabulaeformis, while the foliar K was no obvious difference between the three tree species. There were significant correlation (p<0.05) between soil total N and P, soil organic matter and total P, foliar N and P, but it did not show significant correlations between soil and foliar nutrient concentrations, which might attribute to the excessive litter raking, overgrazing and low soil moisture in this area. Based on the foliar N: P ratio, we introduced a combination threshold index of N: P ratio with their absolute foliar nutrient concentrations to determine the possible limiting nutrient. According to the critical N: P ratio and their absolute foliar N, P concentrations, theP. sylvestris var.mongolica stands showed a decreased N limitation degree with age, theP. densiflora stands showed unlimited by N and P in the whole, and theP. tabulaeformis stands showed co-limited by N and P. No significant difference in soil nutrient concentrations of the surface soils was found between 45, 29, 20-yr-oldPinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation stands. Keywords coniferous trees - foliar nutrient concentration - limiting nutrients - N - P ratio - Zhanggutai sandy land CLC number S718.55 Document code A Article ID 1007-662X(2004)01-0011-08 Foundation item: This research was supported by Key Knowledge Innovation Project (KZCX3-SW-418) of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Biography: CHEN Guang-sheng (1978-), male, master candidate in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. ChinaResponsible editor: Song Funan

Family-level leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of global terrestrial plants

Leaf nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) concentrations are critical for photosynthesis, growth, reproduction and other ecological processes of plants. Previous studies on large-scale biogeographic patterns of leaf N and P stoichiometric relationships were mostly conducted using data pooled across taxa, while family/genus-level analyses are rarely reported. Here, we examined global patterns of family-specific leaf N and P stoichiometry using a global data set of 12,716 paired leaf N and P records which includes 204 families, 1,305 genera, and 3,420 species. After determining the minimum size of samples(i.e., 35 records), we analyzed leaf N and P concentrations, N:P ratios and N^P scaling relationships of plants for 62 families with 11,440 records. The numeric values of leaf N and P stoichiometry varied significantly across families and showed diverse trends along gradients of mean annual temperature(MAT) and mean annual precipitation(MAP). The leaf N and P concentrations and N:P ratios of 62 families ranged from 6.11 to 30.30 mg g–1, 0.27 to 2.17 mg g–1, and 10.20 to 35.40, respectively. Approximately 1/3–1/2 of the families(22–35 of 62) showed a decrease in leaf N and P concentrations and N:P ratios with increasing MAT or MAP, while the remainder either did not show a significant trend or presented the opposite pattern. Family-specific leaf N^P scaling exponents did not converge to a certain empirical value, with a range of 0.307–0.991 for 54 out of 62 families which indicated a significant N^P scaling relationship. Our results for the first time revealed large variation in the family-level leaf N and P stoichiometry of global terrestrial plants and that the stoichiometric relationships for at least one-third of the families were not consistent with the global trends reported previously. The numeric values of the family-specific leaf N and P stoichiometry documented in the current study provide critical synthetic parameters for biogeographic modeling and for further studies on the physiological and ecological mechanisms underlying the nutrient use strategies of plants from different phylogenetic taxa.

二氧化碳倍增对植物叶片^(15)N自然丰度的影响

大气CO_(2)浓度上升通常会提高植物生产力并伴随叶片氮含量的下降。然而大气CO_(2)如何影响叶片^(15)N丰度及其相关机理还不清楚。以小麦和向日葵为实验材料,测定了两个CO_(2)浓度(410与820μmol•mol^(-1))处理下叶片的氮同位比值(δ^(15)N)和氮含量。结果表明:小麦和向日葵叶片氮含量随CO_(2)浓度升高呈下降趋势,然而δ^(15)N对CO_(2)浓度倍增的响应存在差异。在高CO_(2)浓度处理下小麦叶片δ^(15)N显著下降6.5‰,而向日葵叶片δ^(15)N小幅上升2.1‰,且叶片和地上部生物量显著增加。基于此,小麦的氮营养特征符合氮同化受限假说,而向日葵符合稀释效应假说。小麦叶片δ^(15)N随叶龄或者细胞年龄的增加而显著下降,因此在利用^(15)N来研究植物氮代谢时需要区分叶龄的影响。整合分析结果表明,CO_(2)浓度升高导致非豆科C_(3)植物的δ^(15)N显著下降达0.3‰,与小麦的研究结果相符。综上所述,限制硝态氮同化是CO_(2)影响植物氮代谢和^(15)N丰度的重要机制。

Patterns and driving factors of leaf C,N,and P stoichiometry in two forest types with different stand ages in a mid-subtropical zone

Background:Carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)stoichiometry is a key indicator of nutrient utilization in plants,and C/N/P ratios are related to the life histories and adaptation strategies of tree species.However,no consensus has been reached on how leaf stoichiometric characteristics are affected by forest type and stand ages.The relationships between leaf stoichiometry and geographical,meteorological,and soil factors also remain poorly understood.Methods:Leaf and soil were sampled from forest stands of different age groups(young,middle-aged,near-mature,and mature)in two forest types(Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)forests and evergreen broadleaved forests).The relationships between leaf C,N,and P stoichiometric parameters and geographical,meteorological,and soil factors were analysed by using redundancy analysis(RDA)and stepwise linear regression analysis.Results:Leaf C concentrations peaked in the near-mature stands with increasing age irrespective of forest type.Leaf N and P concentrations fluctuated with a rising trend in Chinese fir forests,while decreased first and increased later from young to mature phases in natural evergreen broadleaved forests.Chinese fir forests were primarily limited by N and P,while natural evergreen broadleaved forests were more susceptible to P limitation.Leaf C,N,and P stoichiometric characteristics in Chinese fir forests were mainly affected by the soil total P concentration(SP),longitude(LNG),growing season precipitation(GSP)and mean temperature in July(JUT).The leaf C concentration was mainly affected by GSP and JUT;leaf N and P concentrations were both positively correlated with LNG;and leaf P was positively correlated with SP.In evergreen broadleaved forests,however,leaf stoichiometric parameters displayed significant correlations with latitude(LAT)and mean annual precipitation(MAP).Conclusions:Leaf stoichiometry differed among forest stands of different age groups and forest types.Leaf C,N,and P stoichiometry was primarily explained by the combinations of SP,LNG,GSP and JUT in Chinese fir forests.LAT and MAP were the main controlling factors affecting the variations in the leaf C,N,and P status in natural evergreen broadleaved forests,which supports the temperature-plant physiological hypothesis.These findings improve the understanding of the distribution patterns and driving mechanisms of leaf stoichiometry linked with stand age and forest type.

Relationship between Leaf Micro- and Macro-Nutrients in Top Canopy Trees in a Mixed Forest in the Upper Rio Negro in the Amazon Region

The mixed forests of the upper Rio Negro at the northern of the Amazon basin grow in oxisol soils that are extremely infertile. These areas exhibit deficiencies in several macro-nutrients, and may also be characterized by the shortage or toxic excess of some micronutrients. The overall goal of this research is to collect more comprehensive information regarding the micronutrient composition of the upper Rio Negro forests as well as discern the relationship between leaf micro- and macro-nutrients that may contribute to the homeostasis and balance of the ionome. Firstly, the nutrient composition within the oxisol soil and leaf tissues of two top canopy tree species from the mixed forests was determined. We then analyzed the relationship between leaf micronutrient composition with N and P levels of the two species and that of species inhabiting the Amazon caatinga. Extractable soil Zn, B, Mn and Cu were very low in the mixed forest. In contrast, Fe and Al levels were potentially toxic. The analysis of leaf N/P ratios revealed for the first time the co-limitation of N and P in the mixed forest. This contrasts with species from the adjacent Amazon caatinga toposequence that are characterized by strong N limitation. All micronutrients within leaves of species inhabiting the mixed forest were also found to have low concentrations. Moreover, Fe and Al were detected at concentrations well below those reported for accumulator species. This suggested that leaf ion homeostasis was maintained under potentially toxic soil Fe and Al conditions. Leaf micronutrient (Fe, Zn and B) contents mirrored that of leaf N and P contents, and comparable Fe/N, Fe/P, Zn/N, Zn/P, B/N as well as B/P ratios were found across species and forest types. Therefore, forest species exhibited the capability to maintain leaf nutrient balances under soil conditions with deficient or toxic levels of micronutrients.

天童常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段常见种叶片N、P化学计量学特征

对天童常绿阔叶林5个演替阶段的13个种类24个植物个体叶片的N、P化学计量学的研究表明：（1）各演替阶段植物叶片的N、P含量变异较大,N含量的值在6.49~14.69mgg^-1之间,P含量的值在0.66~1.13mgg^-1之间,叶片的N∶P值在7.45~16.38之间;总体平均值N为9.43mgg^-1,P为0.86mgg^-1,N∶P为11.17;（2）演替后期的叶片N含量和N∶P比高于演替前期,叶片N含量的变化趋势与N∶P比的变化趋势协同性较好,N∶P的变化趋势能较好地反映不同演替阶段的群落变化特征;（3）叶片N∶P可以作为植物和演替阶段的限制性营养元素的指标,不同演替阶段的群落生长基本上均是受N而不是受P的限制;演替各阶段绝大多数物种新生叶的N∶P都小于成熟的营养叶的N∶P,两者均受N元素的限制,且氮素对新叶的限制性更强,表明新叶容易缺乏氮素而发育不良。

不同磷浓度和N/P对铜绿微囊藻生长及水环境因子的影响

以铜绿微囊藻为实验用藻,在反应器中设置总磷浓度分别为0.02、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.5、1和2 mg/L等8个浓度,同时针对每个总磷浓度,配置N/P为1∶1、2∶1、4∶1、8∶1、16∶1和40∶1等6个比例,对反应器中藻的繁殖情况进行连续检测,同时检测水中DO、p H值的相应变化情况。结果表明,不同总磷浓度对铜绿微囊藻的繁殖的作用具有差异性,浓度在0.02～0.05 mg/L范围时,藻的繁殖缓慢,在0.1 mg/L以上时,藻的繁殖速度明显加快,当达到0.5 mg/L以上时,不同总磷浓度条件下藻的繁殖速度基本相近;当总磷浓度在0.1mg/L以上时,N/P对藻繁殖的影响才体现出来,N/P在8∶1、16∶1和40∶1时对藻繁殖的影响远大于其他比例,8∶1和16∶1是藻繁殖的最佳N/P比例。与此同时,铜绿微囊藻细胞密度的变化也明显导致了水中DO、p H值的变化,在藻细胞快速增长阶段,DO、p H值呈现上升趋势,在藻细胞稳定阶段,DO、p H值呈现下降趋势。

干热河谷优势灌木细根、粗根与叶片养分(C、N、P)含量及化学计量比

分析生态脆弱区植物根系与叶片的养分含量特征,可认识植物生长发育的养分限制状况以及根系与叶片间的协同作用,并确定植物在恶劣环境条件下的适应性及生存策略。本文以典型生态脆弱区——干热河谷常见灌木植物马桑、坡柳和苦刺为研究对象,对其根系和叶片养分含量、化学计量比特征以及相互之间的关系进行研究。结果表明,马桑、坡柳粗根C含量显著高于细根(P<0.05),马桑细根P含量显著高于粗根(P<0.05)。细根、粗根养分含量的不同表明细根与粗根的生理生态功能具有较大差异。马桑和坡柳粗根的C∶N、C∶P均显著高于细根(P<0.05),坡柳细根和粗根的C∶N均显著高于马桑、苦刺(P<0.05)。根据N∶P判断,马桑细根(10.61)、粗根(11.42)生长均受到N的限制;坡柳细根(7.87)、粗根(6.00)生长受N的限制更为严重;苦刺细根(18.43)、粗根(16.34)生长均受P的限制。细根、粗根养分受限一致,表明细根和粗根的养分分配具出一定的协同性。除苦刺C外,灌木C、N、P含量均表现为叶片显著高于细根、粗根(P<0.05),表明叶片具有更高的养分含量。叶片N、P含量表现为苦刺显著高于马桑、坡柳(P<0.05),说明苦刺养分吸收能力更强。三种灌木N∶P均表现为叶片>根系(P<0.05),马桑、坡柳、苦刺叶片N∶P分别为40.05、35.34、45.26,三种灌木叶片的生长均受到P的限制。细根、粗根C含量与叶片无显著相关性,说明根系与叶片的C来源不同。根系N、P含量与叶片均呈显著正相关,说明叶片N、P主要来源于根系吸收的土壤养分,叶片与细根N、P相关性更强。上述结果表明植物体在生长代谢过程中具有整体性,植物的地上与地下营养器官在养分的分配过程中具有协同作用,细根与地上部分的协同作用比粗根强。

黄土丘陵区燕沟流域典型植物叶片C、N、P化学计量特征季节变化

以黄土丘陵区燕沟流域为例,分析了流域8种典型植物叶片C、N、P化学计量特征的季节变化。结果发现,8种植物叶片C含量分布范围在370.2—566.9 mg/g,N含量在9.2—39.0 mg/g,P含量在0.81—2.35 mg/g,C∶N在10.5—52.9,C∶P在186.8—667.5,N∶P在5.7—23.0。叶片平均C、C∶N和C∶P在5月小于7月和9月(P<0.05),而在7月和9月差异不显著;N在5月大于7月和9月(P<0.05),7月和9月差异不显著;P在7月小于5月和9月(P<0.05),5月和9月差异不显著;N∶P在9月明显小于5月和7月(P<0.05),5月和7月差异不显著。叶片C含量受季节因素影响显著,而在物种间差异不显著;叶片N、P、C∶N、C∶P、N∶P受物种和季节因素影响均显著。因此,8种植物中沙棘、黄刺梅和虎榛子采用防御性的生活史策略;刺槐、柠条和狼牙刺采用竞争性生活史策略,铁杆蒿和茭蒿的生活史策略介于上述二者之间;尽管叶片N∶P随生长季节发生明显变化,但研究区植物生长的限制性元素未随生长季节变化而改变。

高山草甸坡向梯度上植物群落与土壤中的N,P化学计量学特征

选择甘南亚高山草甸坡向梯度(阴坡、半阴半阳坡和阳坡)的草地为研究对象,测定植物与土壤中全N、全P等的养分,阐明在不同生境下植物与土壤的N,P化学计量特征.结果显示:1)0～20 cm土壤中ω(N)和ω(有机质)在不同坡向阴坡>阳坡>半阴半阳坡,土壤ω(P)以及土壤水分从阳坡、半阴半阳坡到阴坡逐渐递增,土壤的ω(N):ω(P)在半阴半阳坡最低为6.23;20～40 cm土壤中ω(N),ω(P),ω(有机质),土壤水分,ω(N):ω(P)及pH值在不同坡向的变化趋势与0～20 cm的相同,但ω(N),ω(P),ω(有机质)及ω(N):ω(P)均低于0～20 cm土壤的,20～40 cm土壤水分在不同坡向均高于0～20 cm土壤的,不同土层土壤的pH值变化不大.2)植物叶片ω(P)在阳坡为(0.137±0.033)%、半阴半阳坡为(0.163±0.039)%、阴坡为(0.168±0.045)%,不同坡向差异显著(P<0.05);植物叶片ω(N)在坡向上差异不显著,植物的比叶面积从阳坡到阴坡分别为121.58±35.40,143.80±43.53,153.64±41.19 cm^2/g、阴坡、半阴半阳与阳坡差异显著(P<0.05);植物叶片的ω(N):ω(P)在阳坡为17.10,半阴半阳坡为15.4,而在阴坡为13.22,阳坡明显大于阴坡.植物群落在阳坡是P限制,而在阴坡是N限制,在一定程度上体现了植物群落对不同生境的一种适应.

三峡地区香溪河流域叶片凋落物分解过程中N、P含量动态研究

在香溪河流域1160、930、658 m 3个海拔梯度,利用凋落物分解袋法,研究黄栌(Cotinus coggygriavar.pu-bescens)、五裂槭(Acer oliverianum)和扇叶槭(Acer flabellatum)3个物种叶片凋落物的分解速率和主要营养元素N、P含量动态。结果表明,凋落物分解过程中干物质流失动态符合指数衰减方程;叶片初始N含量对分解速率没有显著影响,初始P含量与分解速率呈显著负相关;N、P含量动态在不同属物种间存在显著差异;海拔梯度的差异对N、P含量变化没有显著影响;凋落物在河岸陆地分解比较稳定,分解速度慢于同海拔河流;叶片分解N含量动态在河流与陆地中没有显著差异,而P含量变化差异显著。

安徽石台亚热带常绿阔叶林植物叶中C、N、P特征分析

以安徽石台亚热带常绿阔叶林植物叶片为研究对象,分析了植物叶中C、N、P含量以及它们之间的化学计量关系,讨论了不同类型植物叶片的化学计量特征。结果显示：所研究的28种植物物种间差异明显,叶片中C含量为400.08-519.36 mg/g,N为5.15-15.39 mg/g,P为0.30-0.97 mg/g,m（C）∶m（N）范围为29.99-92.25、m（C）∶m（P）的范围为467.01-1 443.81、m（N）∶m（P）的范围为10.01-29.29,且N与P、m（C）∶m（N）值与m（C）∶m（P）值之间呈现显著的正相关关系,m（N）∶m（P）的变化主要由P含量决定。不同生活型植物m（C）∶m（N）值从大到小表现为灌木（59.68）〉乔木（51.56）〉草本和藤本植物（44.50）,草本和藤本植物与灌木之间m（C）∶m（N）差异显著;不同植物m（C）∶m（P）值从大到小表现为灌木（1 043.4）〉草本和藤本植物（818.78）〉乔木（808.35）,灌木与乔木、草本和藤本植物都存在显著差异。该地区灌木m（C）∶m（N）值和m（C）∶m（P）值均最高,说明灌木对N、P的利用效率最高。3种类型植物m（N）∶m（P）值均大于16,说明该地区常绿阔叶林主要受P限制。虽然植物受P限制,但其m（C）∶m（P）值含量较高,说明植物对其生长受限的元素利用效率会更高,这反映了植物对环境适应的一种对策。

龙眼果树凋落物和凋落叶N、P、K含量季节变化动态

对11年生龙眼成年树与4年生龙眼幼年树的凋落物和凋落叶养分含量的动态变化及养分贮量进行了研究。结果表明,成年树和幼年树的年凋落量分别为42 996g·株-1和 3 683g·株-1;成年树在8月有单一凋落高峰,而幼年树有3个凋落高峰,且分别出现在每年的3、6和8月份;凋落叶P含量季节变化小于N、K;成年树凋落叶N、P含量变化大于幼年树。成年树和幼年树凋落物中N、P、K年贮量分别为867.704g和35.027g,3种养分中年贮量的大小顺序为K>P>N;成年树和幼年树叶片凋落前N、P、K因迁移而导致落叶的N、P、K含量比成熟叶低,但3种元素间有差异。