Leaf is a essential part of the plants for photosynthetic activities which mainly economize the resources for boll heath. Significant variations of leaf shapes across the Gossypium sp. considerably influence the infil...Leaf is a essential part of the plants for photosynthetic activities which mainly economize the resources for boll heath. Significant variations of leaf shapes across the Gossypium sp. considerably influence the infiltration of sunlight for photosynthesis. To understand the genetic variants and molecular processes underlying for cotton leaf shape, we used F2 population derived from upland cotton genotype P30A （shallow-lobed leaf） and sea-island cotton genotype ISR （deep-lobed leaf） to map leaf deep lobed phenotype controlling genes LBL1 and LBL2. Genetic analysis and localization results have unmasked the position and interaction between both loci of LBL1 and LBL2, and revealed the co-dominance impact of the genes in regulating depth of leaf blades lobes in cotton. LBL1 had been described as a main gene and member of transcription factor family leucine zipper （HD-ZIPI） from a class I homologous domain factor Gorai.OO2G244000. The qRT-PCR results elaborated the continuous change in expression level of LBL1 at different growth stages and leaf parts of cotton. Higher expression level was observed in mature large leaves followed by medium and young leaves respectively. For further confirmation, plants were tested from hormonal induction treatments, which explained that LBL 1 expression was influenced by hormonal signaling. Moreover, the highest expression level was detected in brassinolides （BR） treatment as compared to other hormones, and this hormone plays an important role in the process of leaf blade lobed formation.展开更多
[ Objective] The study was to compare the structural and moisture characteristics of leaf from the plantlets of three types of omamental lily（ Lilium brownii）. [ Method ] The paraffin sections of leaves of tested li...[ Objective] The study was to compare the structural and moisture characteristics of leaf from the plantlets of three types of omamental lily（ Lilium brownii）. [ Method ] The paraffin sections of leaves of tested lily varieties were prepared and then observed under microscope, and the stomatal characteristics and moisture characteristics of tested lily varieties were measured. I Resaltl All the three ornamental lily varieties show isobilateral leaf, single layer of epicuticula and lower epidermis, and no obvious differentiation of palisade tissue and spongy tissue; their stomata distribute in lower epidermis, and the guard cells are dumbbell-shaped; all of these matedais present high moisture. For the leaf sick- ness, midrib sickness and mesophyll tissue sickness, the order was determined to be oriental lily 〉 Lilium/ongiflorum 〉 Asian lily; of the three types of ornamental lily, Ulium Iongiflorum has the largest stomatai aperture and Asian lily has the smallest; focusing the water potential and moisture, the turn was Asian lily 〉 oriental lily 〉 Lilium Iong＇fflorum. [ Condusion] The study may facilitate the artificial regulation of the growth conditions of the plantlets of ornamental lily.展开更多
The effect of water state of soil on eco-boundary over leaf surface was disscussed by takingPopulus davidiana as experimental material. The results show that to change soil water state by some methods was to adjust an...The effect of water state of soil on eco-boundary over leaf surface was disscussed by takingPopulus davidiana as experimental material. The results show that to change soil water state by some methods was to adjust and control the forming quality of eco-boundary in fact. The plant in good water condition must be accompanied by thinner eco-boundary. This eco-boundary is beneficial to exchange and flow of the substances between plant and environment.展开更多
In the process of milling the half-open impeller, the milling force ACTS on the half-open impeller will cause the machining deformation error of the half-open impeller. The impeller material studied in this paper is 7...In the process of milling the half-open impeller, the milling force ACTS on the half-open impeller will cause the machining deformation error of the half-open impeller. The impeller material studied in this paper is 7050-t7451 aluminum alloy, whose elastic modulus is 70.3 GPa, with low stiffness. Therefore, during milling, it is easy to cause elastic deformation of the cutter, thus causing machining errors and reducing machining surface quality. In addition, due to the low stiffness of blade surface, the deformation of blade surface is much larger than that of hub surface. Therefore, this paper only studies the deformation law of blade surface in the process of milling.展开更多
The growth rate of any multilayered plant organ is limited by the cell layer with the least extensibility. The dicot leaf blade has two epidermal layers covering the mesophyll layers, in which the vascular network is ...The growth rate of any multilayered plant organ is limited by the cell layer with the least extensibility. The dicot leaf blade has two epidermal layers covering the mesophyll layers, in which the vascular network is embedded. There has been a lingering uncertainty about which layer limits the rate of blade expansion in dicot leaves. The current study made use of leaf strips cut from the argenteum variety of Pisum sativum L., in which the epidermal layers can easily be removed with minimal damage. After this procedure, the mesophyll showed accelerated growth in short-term and long-term experiments and light and darkness. Extension of both layers is strongly promoted by acidic solutions. Isolated mesophyll layers expand in response to light. This effect depends on turgor pressure, photosynthesis, and the plasma membrane H+-ATPase. The data allow concluding that expanding leaf blades share with axial stem organs a similar arrangement of tissue tension: an expanding core tissue pushing against a restrictive epidermal envelope. In complete leaves, partial removal of the epidermis from only one side of the blade causes a strong epinastic or hyponastic response. Removal of matching epidermis strips from both sides of complete blades causes the exposed mesophyll strip to elongate in excess of the neighboring tissue: it buckles.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of salt stress on cell expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves.[Method] Arabidopsis seedlings were treated by sodium chloride at the concentrat...[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of salt stress on cell expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves.[Method] Arabidopsis seedlings were treated by sodium chloride at the concentration of 0,100 or 150 mmol/L. At the 7th and 14th d of treatment,with nail enamel printing mark method and computer software,the leaf blades area and abaxial epidermal pavement cells area was measured and compared using statistical analysis in Excel. [Result] The growth of Arabidopsis rosette leaves was inhibited under salt stress. Leaves treated for 7 or 14 d expanded less compared with controls. The salt-mediated decrease in leaf expansion is associated with a decrease in abaxial pavement cell expansion. [Conclusion] The decreased leaf and epidermal cell expansion under salt stress is the most important characteristic of plant physiological response to salt stress.展开更多
基金supported by the Genetically Modified Organisms Breeding Major Projects,China (2016ZX0800 5004, 2016ZX08009003-003-004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31601349)the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
文摘Leaf is a essential part of the plants for photosynthetic activities which mainly economize the resources for boll heath. Significant variations of leaf shapes across the Gossypium sp. considerably influence the infiltration of sunlight for photosynthesis. To understand the genetic variants and molecular processes underlying for cotton leaf shape, we used F2 population derived from upland cotton genotype P30A （shallow-lobed leaf） and sea-island cotton genotype ISR （deep-lobed leaf） to map leaf deep lobed phenotype controlling genes LBL1 and LBL2. Genetic analysis and localization results have unmasked the position and interaction between both loci of LBL1 and LBL2, and revealed the co-dominance impact of the genes in regulating depth of leaf blades lobes in cotton. LBL1 had been described as a main gene and member of transcription factor family leucine zipper （HD-ZIPI） from a class I homologous domain factor Gorai.OO2G244000. The qRT-PCR results elaborated the continuous change in expression level of LBL1 at different growth stages and leaf parts of cotton. Higher expression level was observed in mature large leaves followed by medium and young leaves respectively. For further confirmation, plants were tested from hormonal induction treatments, which explained that LBL 1 expression was influenced by hormonal signaling. Moreover, the highest expression level was detected in brassinolides （BR） treatment as compared to other hormones, and this hormone plays an important role in the process of leaf blade lobed formation.
文摘[ Objective] The study was to compare the structural and moisture characteristics of leaf from the plantlets of three types of omamental lily（ Lilium brownii）. [ Method ] The paraffin sections of leaves of tested lily varieties were prepared and then observed under microscope, and the stomatal characteristics and moisture characteristics of tested lily varieties were measured. I Resaltl All the three ornamental lily varieties show isobilateral leaf, single layer of epicuticula and lower epidermis, and no obvious differentiation of palisade tissue and spongy tissue; their stomata distribute in lower epidermis, and the guard cells are dumbbell-shaped; all of these matedais present high moisture. For the leaf sick- ness, midrib sickness and mesophyll tissue sickness, the order was determined to be oriental lily 〉 Lilium/ongiflorum 〉 Asian lily; of the three types of ornamental lily, Ulium Iongiflorum has the largest stomatai aperture and Asian lily has the smallest; focusing the water potential and moisture, the turn was Asian lily 〉 oriental lily 〉 Lilium Iong＇fflorum. [ Condusion] The study may facilitate the artificial regulation of the growth conditions of the plantlets of ornamental lily.
文摘The effect of water state of soil on eco-boundary over leaf surface was disscussed by takingPopulus davidiana as experimental material. The results show that to change soil water state by some methods was to adjust and control the forming quality of eco-boundary in fact. The plant in good water condition must be accompanied by thinner eco-boundary. This eco-boundary is beneficial to exchange and flow of the substances between plant and environment.
文摘In the process of milling the half-open impeller, the milling force ACTS on the half-open impeller will cause the machining deformation error of the half-open impeller. The impeller material studied in this paper is 7050-t7451 aluminum alloy, whose elastic modulus is 70.3 GPa, with low stiffness. Therefore, during milling, it is easy to cause elastic deformation of the cutter, thus causing machining errors and reducing machining surface quality. In addition, due to the low stiffness of blade surface, the deformation of blade surface is much larger than that of hub surface. Therefore, this paper only studies the deformation law of blade surface in the process of milling.
文摘The growth rate of any multilayered plant organ is limited by the cell layer with the least extensibility. The dicot leaf blade has two epidermal layers covering the mesophyll layers, in which the vascular network is embedded. There has been a lingering uncertainty about which layer limits the rate of blade expansion in dicot leaves. The current study made use of leaf strips cut from the argenteum variety of Pisum sativum L., in which the epidermal layers can easily be removed with minimal damage. After this procedure, the mesophyll showed accelerated growth in short-term and long-term experiments and light and darkness. Extension of both layers is strongly promoted by acidic solutions. Isolated mesophyll layers expand in response to light. This effect depends on turgor pressure, photosynthesis, and the plasma membrane H+-ATPase. The data allow concluding that expanding leaf blades share with axial stem organs a similar arrangement of tissue tension: an expanding core tissue pushing against a restrictive epidermal envelope. In complete leaves, partial removal of the epidermis from only one side of the blade causes a strong epinastic or hyponastic response. Removal of matching epidermis strips from both sides of complete blades causes the exposed mesophyll strip to elongate in excess of the neighboring tissue: it buckles.
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of salt stress on cell expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves.[Method] Arabidopsis seedlings were treated by sodium chloride at the concentration of 0,100 or 150 mmol/L. At the 7th and 14th d of treatment,with nail enamel printing mark method and computer software,the leaf blades area and abaxial epidermal pavement cells area was measured and compared using statistical analysis in Excel. [Result] The growth of Arabidopsis rosette leaves was inhibited under salt stress. Leaves treated for 7 or 14 d expanded less compared with controls. The salt-mediated decrease in leaf expansion is associated with a decrease in abaxial pavement cell expansion. [Conclusion] The decreased leaf and epidermal cell expansion under salt stress is the most important characteristic of plant physiological response to salt stress.
