Impact of Progressive Pruning on Leaf Miner (Coelaenomenodera lameensis) Incidence and the Yield of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) —A Case Study of Benso Oil Palm Plantation Plc, Adum Banso Estate, Ghana

The oil palm leaf miner, Coelaenomenodera lameensis, is currently the most destructive pest of oil palm in Ghana and other African oil palm growing countries, causing significant losses in fresh fruit bunch yield. Progressive pruning is an oil palm pruning method in which pruning is done at the same time as fresh fruit bunch harvesting. This study evaluated the impact of progressive pruning on leaf miner population in oil palm and how these two factors (leaf miner and progressive pruning) affect the yield of oil palm at the Benso Oil Palm Plantation Public listed company (BOPP. Plc). Five distinct blocks in the plantation were selected for observations on fronds at various ranks (33, 25, or 17) based on the degree of defoliation by counting the number of pests on leaflets at different phases of insect development. Fronds from selected plots were sampled in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The size of plots used for the study ranged between 19 to 45 hectares. A minimum of 78 fronds were evenly cut from each block for pest count depending on the block size. Secondary data on annual yields of fresh fruit bunches before and after the introduction of progressive pruning were also obtained from BOPP. Plc records from 2011-2020. The results from the analyzed data on leaf miner index before and after the introduction of progressive pruning showed that progressive pruning has, to a high extent (64% to 36%), reduced leaf miner populations in the plantation. Paired t-test on fresh fruit bunch yield has also revealed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in annual fresh fruit bunch yield due to progressive pruning. A regression analysis, however, revealed a lower rate of yield loss (3.05 to 2.70 tonnes) to leaf miner infestation after the introduction of progressive pruning. The study recommends progressive pruning as a key cultural practice for improving crop yields in leaf miner prone plantations.

Harmfulness of Leaf Miners （Agromyzidae） on Winter Wheat Plantations in Poland

The aim of the study was to determine the harmfulness of leaf miners and their species composition on winter wheat for the improvement of methods to control them. In order to determine the dates of the treatments, it was necessary to catch adult flies. The researchers used yellow 25 x 40 cm sticky traps placed on three control plots to catch the adults. Monitoring of cereal leaf miners flights in winter wheat was carried out in Babor6wko （greater Poland voivodeship）. Yellow traps were placed above the tops of wheat during vegetation period. The number of damaged wheat stems was recorded. Fluctuations in weather conditions during the research affected the dynamics of leaf miner flies considerably. The maximum flights of leaf miner flies on winter wheat crops in years of the studies took place in May. The dynamics of leaf miners flights were different in growing season 2008 and 2009. The most common species were： Chromatomyia nigra （Ztt.）, Chromatomyia fuscula （Ztt.） and Poemyza superciliosa （Ztt.）. It was also discovered that the species composition of Agromyzidae damaging the winter wheat, changes in particular years. The results differ from the results of the previous research, which the dominant species were Phytomyza nigra （Mg.） and Agromyza ambiqua （FII.）.

Fluctuations in Natural Populations of the Leaf miner (<i>Coelaenomenodera lameensis</i>) in Relation to Different Origins of Oil Palm (<i>Elaeis</i>sp.) in South Benin

Preferences of different oil palm crosses in the station of Pobè in Benin were tested on Coelaenomenodera lameensis by monitoring the natural population for 7 consecutive years. Experiments monitoring of developmental stages of the insect were performed on material types Elaeis guineensis and Elaeis oleifera. Observations were performed every two weeks on leaves of different ranks (25, 17 or 9) depending on the degree of defoliation by counting the different stages of insect development on leaflets. The results showed that the evolution of pest density is a function of species and the origin of the materials being compared. Population densities of different stages of C. lameensis were more abundant in the crosses from Yocoboué where average population indices were higher at all stages of development from early observations. By contrast, in crosses La Mé, Yangambi and Deli, the numbers of larvae, pupae and adults were lower. Among these three crosses infestation was more abundant in La Mé, followed by Yangambi and Deli. E. oleifera is much less or not attacked. The stages of development (larvae and adults) were also differently held in oil palm origins in comparison. The larval population is significantly important during the short rainy season and lesser important during the dry season. These results may contribute to the development of suitable materials for the genetic improvement of breeding tolerant oil palm material to leaf miner.

Physicochemical characteristics of ambient particles settling upon leaf surfaces of urban plants in Beijing

Particulate pollution is a serious health problem throughout the world, exacerbating a wide range of respiratory and vascular illnesses in urban areas. Urban plants play an important role in reducing particulate pollution. Physicochemical characteristics of ambient particles settling upon leaf surfaces of eleven roadside plants at four sites of Beijing were studies. Results showed that density of particles on the leaf surfaces greatly varied with plant species and traffic condition. Fraxinus chiuensis, Sophora japonica Ailanthus altissima, Syringa oblata and Prunus persica, had larger densities of particles among the tall species. Due to resuspension of road dust, the densities of particles of Euonymus japonicns and Parthenocissus quinquefolia with low sampling height were 2-35 times to other taller tree species. For test plant species, micro-roughness of leaf surfaces and density of particles showed a close correlation. In general, the larger micro-roughness of leaf surfaces is, the larger density of particles is. Particles settling upon leaf surfaces were dominantly PM30 （particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter; 98.4%） and PM2.5 （particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter; 64.2%） which were closely relative to human health. Constant elements of particles were C, O, K, Ca, Si, Al, Mg, Na, Fe, S, Cl and minerals with higher content were SiO2, CaCO3, CaMg（CO3）2, NaCI and 2CASO4. H2O, SiO2. CaCO3 and CaMg（CO3）2 mainly came from resuspension of road dust. 2CaSO4. H2O was produced by the reaction between CaCO3 derived from earth dust or industrial emission and SO2, H2SO4 or sulfate. NaCl was derived from sea salt.

An Analysis on Leaf Traits of 22 Helianthus tuberosus Germplasm Resources Introduced from Abroad

Atomic absorption spectrophotometry,sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate oxidation method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry,were used to determine mineral elements,fiber,the content of chlorogenic acid and flavones in leaves of 24 Helianthus tuberosus Linn.resources,and the characteristics of the leaf introduced from abroad were evaluated.The results showed that the highest water content of 22 species was F12(27.58%),and the lowest was F16(19.02%).The difference in mean water content between the species from Denmark and France was small,but it was lower than that of Qingyu 3 and Qingyu 4.There were 3 orbicular leaves,1 long oval-shaped leaf and 18 oval leaves.The highest K content in the leaves was F19(30.62 mg/g),which was 2.5 times than Qingyu 3.The highest Mg content was D8(14.17 mg/g).The Fe content hadlittledifference,ranging from 0.09 mg/g to 0.19 mg/g.The highest Ca content was D8(26.87 mg/g).The highest level of chlorogenic acid and flavones was F7,2.55%and 1.24 g/100 g respectively.The highest fiber content was F9(16.7%),and the lowest was F19(7.36%).Through the analysis of the main component and the clustering analysis,when the genetic distance was 0.65,the 24 resources can be divided into three major categories.The first category of leaves were mainly oval and orbicular;the second category of leaves were long oval-shaped;the third category of leaves were oval.There was a difference between the various indexes in the leaf of different kinds of H.tuberosus Linn.resources.Finally,F19,D8,F9,F7,D14 and D11,6 specific species(F19,D8,F9,F7,D14 and D11)were screened out for further studies in the future.

土壤养分含量对山药叶片黄化的影响

以山药品种“雅山药1号”为试材,采用方差分析和相关性分析方法,研究了土壤养分含量对山药叶片黄化的影响,以期为改善黄化山药基地生产现状提供参考依据。结果表明:随着山药叶片黄化程度加剧,土壤pH、交换性Ca含量逐渐升高,土壤鲜样含水量、碱解N、速效K、有效Fe、总Fe、有效Mn含量逐渐降低,土壤有机质、有效P含量总体显著降低,有效S含量仅2级黄化低于0级,土壤交换性Mg、有效Zn、有效B、HCO_(3)^(-)含量与0级差异不显著。相关性分析结果表明,土壤pH与交换性Ca含量呈显著正相关,且二者与土壤含水量、有机质含量、碱解N、有效P、速效K、有效Fe、总Fe、有效Mn含量呈显著或极显著负相关。该研究初步确定山药叶片黄化与土壤pH、Ca含量升高,土壤有机质、含水量、N、P、K、Fe、Mn含量降低有关。

杏树叶果及土壤矿质营养的动态变化分析

以‘苏路克’杏(Prunus armeniaca L.‘Suluke’)为试材,采用方差分析和相关性分析方法,研究了不同发育期的杏叶片、果实以及不同深度土壤中矿质元素含量的变化规律及其相关性对杏树生长发育的影响,以期为该地区杏园土肥管理提供参考依据。结果表明:在杏树果实发育的整个阶段,不同深度土壤N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、B和Fe矿质元素整体波动均较大;杏叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Zn、Fe元素含量均下降;除N元素外,杏果实中各矿质元素含量均呈下降趋势,幼果期内其他各矿质元素含量明显大于果实成熟期。相关分析结果表明,土壤中的N、K元素对杏叶片中矿质元素含量有较大影响,土壤中N、K、B元素对杏果实中矿质元素含量有较大影响,且叶片中P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe对杏果实中矿质元素含量有较大影响。综上,建议(生产上)在实际生产过程中,在幼果期前(4月上旬至中旬)需满足土壤中N、P、K肥;在果实膨大期前(4月中旬至下旬)需叶面喷施N、Ca、Cu、Zn、B、Fe肥;在硬核期前(5月中旬至下旬)需叶面喷施P、K、Mg肥;在果实成熟期后(7月中旬至9月中旬),以施有机肥为主,复合肥为辅。

香榧种实生长早期枝叶和种实矿质元素质量分数及积累量动态分析

【目的】探究香榧Torreyagrandis‘Merrillii’种实早期生长阶段枝叶与种实矿质元素质量分数、积累量的关系,为科学施肥,提升香榧种仁品质及产量提供依据。【方法】选择浙江农林大学东湖校区(2+17)a香榧试验林(砧木为2年生,嫁接后生长了17 a),采集3月上旬至7月上旬当年生侧枝(含叶片)及2代种实,对枝叶、种实中氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、锌、锰、铜质量分数及积累量动态变化关系进行分析。【结果】香榧种实早期生长阶段,种实横纵径、单果干鲜质量及含水率在4月上旬前无明显变化,4月中旬至6月中旬均增长迅速,之后趋于平稳。4月中下旬至6月中旬,枝叶中氮、磷、钾的积累量下降,而种实中氮、磷积累量及钾质量分数持续上升,表明枝叶中的氮、磷、钾优先供应种实的生长,缓生期与花芽分化期种实对氮、磷、钾的需求量较小,速生期种实对氮、磷、钾需求增加,该现象随时间推移而增强;在时间尺度上,钙在枝叶中逐渐吸收、积累,种实中钙质量分数及积累量则呈显著、极显著降低;速生期后,种实中的镁积累量增高,枝叶中镁积累量及质量分数均随着种实的膨大而下降;香榧种实早期生长阶段枝叶中锌、铜积累量呈下降趋势,种实对锌、铜、锰需求量较小。【结论】①速生期香榧种实的体积和含水率快速增加,进入充实期后趋于稳定。②元素质量分数、积累量与香榧种实生长期密切相关。为提高香榧种实品质,应在种实缓生期末期和速生期开始时施加氮、磷、钾肥,并配合施用适量锌、铜等微量元素肥料,在种实采收后施用镁肥。图5参27.

有机-无机肥配施对新疆核桃园土壤和叶片养分的影响

[目的]研究有机-无机肥配施对核桃园土壤和叶片养分的影响,筛选影响叶片养分的主要土壤化学因子,为新疆核桃园土壤养分资源高效管理提供科学依据。[方法]以新疆喀什地区叶城县核桃主栽区的10年生‘温185’核桃为研究对象,采用单因素完全随机区组设计,以当地主要的化肥施用类型(磷酸氢二铵和硫酸钾,YD)为对照,探究有机-无机肥配施(矿源黄腐酸钾和中量元素水溶肥,YZ)对核桃园土壤化学特性和叶片矿质元素的影响。[结果]与YD施肥措施相比,YZ处理显著降低了土壤pH、盐离子含量,提高了叶片矿质元素含量,但具有季节性差异。其中,5月,YZ处理显著提高了土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N(460.22%)、AK(46.46%)和叶片N(12.16%)、K(17.46%)、Zn(21.88%)元素含量;7月,YZ处理显著降低了土壤pH(2.21%)、EC(27.25%)、Cl^(-)-S(23.37%)、NH_(4)^(+)-N(61.09%)、AP(30.03%)、Na^(+)(13.24%)和叶片Cl^(-)-L(15.94%)元素含量(p<0.05),相反,显著提高了叶片N(4.16%)、P(13.25%)、Ca(20.73%)、Mg(44.04%)、Na(66.67%)、Fe(24.62%)、Mn(52.47%)、B(31.85%)元素含量(p<0.05);9月,YZ处理显著降低了土壤EC(20.45%)、NH_(4)^(+)-N(37.31%)、AP(21.74%)、Na^(+)(11.36%)含量(p<0.05),相反,显著提高了OM(22.17%)、NO_(3)^(-)-N(59.09%)、AK(56.47%)含量(p<0.05)。线性回归分析结果表明,土壤pH、Na+和Cl^(-)-S是新疆核桃园中影响核桃叶片矿质元素含量的重要土壤化学因子,增施有机肥并且降低土壤pH,有利于叶片N、P、K、Na、Fe、Zn元素的积累。[结论]YD处理提高了土壤EC、Na^(+)、Cl^(-)-S、NH_(4)^(+)-N等盐离子含量,长期施用可能会加剧新疆核桃园的土壤盐渍化水平;YZ处理可显著降低土壤pH、Na^(+)、EC、NH_(4)^(+)-N等盐离子含量,提高了叶片N、P、K、Fe等矿质元素含量,建议在新疆核桃主栽区核桃园,7月之前可通过有机-无机肥配施降低土壤盐渍化水平来减轻盐碱危害,同时平衡叶片矿质元素含量,而应尽量避免长期单一施用化肥。

动物源营养液对卷叶霸王空气凤梨新叶生长及矿质元素含量影响

为分析动物源营养液在空气凤梨上的应用效果,以‘卷叶霸王’空气凤梨为研究对象,以清水作对照,研究动物源营养液、磷酸二氢钾、尿素喷施后对空气凤梨新叶生长、单株增重、光泽度及矿质元素含量等的影响。结果表明,动物源营养液中含有钙、镁、铁、锌、硼和锰等矿质元素,空气凤梨在各种处理后3月内都没有新根萌出,均未出现肥害与微量元素中毒现象,光泽度没有明显差异。2.50‰营养液处理的第1小叶生长率增加41.58%,增加幅度最大。0.10‰动物源营养液处理单株增重率最高,2.50‰、0.50‰营养液处理次之;不同浓度动物源营养液处理间单株增重率差异不显著。与CK相比,3.33‰营养液处理、1.00‰营养液处理显著增加空气凤梨新叶内钙、镁、铁和锰含量,3.33‰动物源营养液处理的钙含量增加27.80%,镁含量增加23.71%,铁含量增加10.75%,锰含量增加104.41%。3.33‰营养液处理新叶内钙、镁、锰和硼含量显著高于1.00‰营养液处理,但铁和锌含量显著低于1.00‰营养液处理,生产上可以将动物源营养液作为卷叶霸王空气凤梨新型叶面营养肥进行合理开发与利用。

无患子媛华不同物候期养分需求特征研究

为了解无患子媛华无性系原料林叶片矿质元素在不同关键物候期动态变化规律,揭示该无性系养分需求特征,为科学制定营养管理制度提供理论依据。以福建省建宁县树龄5、6、7 a的无患子媛华无性系原料林为研究对象,测定展叶期、花序抽生末期、花期末、果实膨大初期、果实转色期、果实成熟期N、P、K、Ca、S、Mg、Fe、Zn、B等含量指标。无患子媛华无性系原料林不同关键物候期叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量总体呈先降低、再上升、后降低趋势,均在果实膨大初期达到最高;N和P的含量在花序抽生末期和果实膨大初期之间存在显著差异,其K含量在果实膨大初期显著高于其他关键生育期,且在其余生育期之间无显著差异,而Ca含量和Mg含量在展叶期和果实膨大初期存在显著差异(P<0.05),Fe、B含量呈先上升后降低趋势,Fe含量在果实转色期显著高于其余生育期,B含量在花期末急剧降低,且显著低于其余生育期(P<0.05),Zn含量和S含量全年总体无明显变化。3个树龄叶片中N含量和K、P、Mg含量分别呈显著正相关,Ca含量和K、Fe含量分别呈显著正相关,S含量和Zn含量呈显著负相关,Zn含量和S、B含量分别呈显著负相关。坐果期(6—7月底)可作为叶片营养诊断的适宜时期;施肥应考虑各元素间的关联;在花序抽生末期时,此时应及早追施N、P和B肥;在坐果期要适量追肥,同时结合追施微肥。

红薯叶叶片及其叶柄中多元素的分析

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法分别对30批红薯叶中叶片、叶柄进行多元素测定。主成分分析表明红薯叶叶片的特征元素比叶柄的特征元素丰富,Al、Ti、Fe、V、Na、Mg、Ca、Co、Mn、K、Sr、Zn、B、Cu、Ba和Tl这16种元素为红薯叶叶片的特征元素,Ca、Sr、B、K、Na、Mg、Ba、Tl和Mn这9种元素为红薯叶叶柄的特征元素,同时是叶片和叶柄共同的特征元素;所有被测样品中,Pb、Hg、As、Cd和Cr均符合《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2022)要求。但叶片中Pb、Hg、As和Cd这4种重金属元素检出率均比叶柄高,说明红薯叶叶片富集Pb、Hg、As和Cd这4种重金属元素的能力更强;在矿物质中,除元素Se未检出外,红薯叶叶片和叶柄中8种矿物质含量趋势一致(K>Ca>Na>Mg>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu),但是叶片的含量均比叶柄高,说明叶片对矿物质的富集能力比叶柄强。综上,红薯叶受Pb、Hg、As、Cd和Cr等5种重金属污染的风险较低,叶片的特征元素比叶柄的特征元素丰富,且叶片中各元素的含量均比叶柄高,说明叶片对矿物质的富集能力比叶柄强。

86.2%氧化亚铜可湿性粉剂与化学农药混配对百合叶斑病的防治效果评价

为探究矿物源农药氧化亚铜WP与化学农药混配对百合叶斑病Alternaria alternata的防治效果。采用喷雾法、离体叶片法分别测定了矿物源农药86.2%氧化亚铜WP与3种化学农药混配后混配剂的增效效果及持效期。结果表明,86.2%氧化亚铜WP:70%霉灵SP(7:3)、86.2%氧化亚铜WP:80%代森锰锌WP(2:8、7:3、9:1)对链格孢菌的抑制效果表现为增效作用,EC50分别为22.29、21.48、37.58、95.68μg/m L,CTC分别为237.03、134.25、169.05、127.89。86.2%氧化亚铜WP:70%霉灵SP(7:3)的防病效果最好,离体防效中保护作用、治疗作用防效分别为86.13%、78.21%,田间防效为75.21%,持效期为7 d,且对兰州百合安全。本试验发现,86.2%氧化亚铜WP与70%霉灵SP以7:3混配后,对百合叶斑病防治效果最高,持效期最长,可用于田间防治。

不同增氧措施对牛粪有机肥矿化及烟叶生长的影响

通过增氧措施提升有机肥矿化速率,满足烤烟生长发育的需肥规律。本研究从2种物理增氧(打孔增氧与泵增氧)与3种化学增氧(过氧化钙、过氧化氢和过碳酸钠)中筛选出最利于土壤酶活性和烟株生长的增氧方式,在此基础上明确最佳增氧时间和增氧剂浓度。开展不同增氧方式田间试验,从田间产量、产值、有机肥矿化率及土壤微生物群落结构等方面评价增氧效果。结果表明:(1)综合烟株长势、农艺性状和土壤生态多样性等指标发现,化学增氧和物理增氧方式分别以过氧化钙增氧和泵增氧效果最佳。(2)牛粪有机肥增氧时间以12 h/d最优,过氧化钙用量以40 g/株为最优,二者根部干质量分别为对照的1.92倍和1.24倍。(3)田间应用牛粪有机肥联合过氧化钙增氧,遵义、毕节和黔西南的烟叶产值分别增加10.47%、12.48%和18.82%。过氧化钙增氧烟叶化学成分综合评分分别增加13.97、3.38和19.95分,工业可用性提升4.5个百分点。(4)与对照相比,打孔增氧使有机肥氮矿化率增加31.6%~57.1%,过氧化钙处理有机肥氮矿化率增加95.0%~138.9%。综上所述,打孔增氧和过氧化钙增氧可应用于田间生产,以提高碳氮转化效率,改善土壤微生物功能多样性,提升烟叶产量和品质。

四季柚生育期叶片和果实中矿质元素含量变化的研究

本研究以四季柚为试材,定期测定果实发育周期内叶片与果实的矿质元素含量,研究四季柚叶片和果实矿质养分需求特征与相关性,为树体营养科学调控,优质高效施肥提供理论依据。结果显示,叶片生长过程中N、P元素含量呈逐渐下降趋势,K、Ca、Mg、B、Zn含量呈先增后降趋势,S含量总体保持上升趋势,Fe含量呈现先降后稳再上升趋势,Cu含量总体较稳定,Mn含量呈现出先上升后下降再上升趋势;果实生长过程中,N、P、K、Ca、S含量呈下降趋势,Mg含量呈现先升后降的趋势,微量元素中Fe、Mn元素含量变化幅度较小,B、Zn、Cu元素含量变化趋势略有不同。叶片与果实之间矿质元素协同吸收作用较弱,而果实与果皮之间作用较强。研究表明,萌芽前应适当增施氮、磷肥,6月中旬增施钙肥,7月中旬增施钾肥和镁肥,以及重视微量元素肥料的应用。

不同早实核桃品种叶片矿质元素含量变化及其与产量的关系

试验于2010~2011年连续2年以济源市4个早实核桃品种香玲、鲁光、中林1号、薄丰为试材进行了对比试验，研究了不同采样时期叶片中N、 P、 K、 Ca、 Mg、 Fe、 Cu、 Mn、 Zn 9种矿质营养元素的含量变化及其与产量的关系。结果表明，早实核桃叶片中9种元素的含量在年周期内呈规律性变化，含量高低依次为 Ca＞N＞Mg＞P＞K，Fe＞Mn＞Zn＞Cu。不同品种各元素的含量变幅最大为127.69~169.53 mg/kg（Mn），最小为2.1~92.26 g/kg（K）。不同早实核桃品种叶片内矿质元素含量的年变化趋势表现为N、 P、 K总体上呈下降趋势，最高含量为展叶期（4月20日）分别为36.79、 5.54、 2.93 g/kg，最低在落叶前期（9月28日），分别为17.45、 2.66、 1.86 g/kg；Ca、 Mg、 Fe、 Mn 4元素含量的变化总体上表现为前期低后期高；Cu、Zn含量的变化有差异但差异不明显。总的来看， 5~7月份，即新梢速长期（5月20日）至硬核期（7月20日）是核桃树养分稳定的时期， 叶片中N、 P、 K含量之间呈极显著的正相关， N、 P与Ca、 Mg、 Mn、 Cu间呈极显著的负相关，可以认为N、 P、 K之间存在增效作用，Ca、 Mg、 Mn、 Cu 对N、 P 和 K 均存在一定的拮抗作用。元素含量与产量的相关分析表明，N、 P、 K在新梢速长期均与产量达（极）显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.819、 0.843和0.895。因此， 利用叶片进行营养诊断最佳，采样时间以新梢速长期（5月20日前后）为宜。

砧木对柠檬幼树生长及叶片矿质元素积累的影响

本试验以尤力克柠檬为接穗,研究沃尔卡默、卡里佐枳橙、枳、红橘、香橙、斯文格枳柚6种砧木对尤力克柠檬幼树生长及叶片矿质元素含量年变化的影响。结果表明,不同砧木对尤力克柠檬的树体生长及成花特性有明显的影响;总体来看,以卡里佐枳橙、斯文格枳柚和沃尔卡默处理的生长势较旺盛;香橙和沃尔卡默处理表现植株矮化,但这两个处理的春花花量极显著地高于其它处理,红桔和枳处理的春花和秋花量均较少。不同砧木处理不影响尤力克叶片N、P、K、Mg和Mn含量年变化动态的特征,而明显影响Ca、Fe和Zn含量的年动态特征;在各不同时期,不同处理对叶片各矿质营养含量有较明显的影响。试验结果为科学评价各柠檬砧木的吸肥特性及合理施肥提供参考依据。

南酸枣幼林配方施肥及叶片氮磷钾元素分布规律

为了促进南酸枣幼林的生长,采用配方施肥试验方法研究了不同施肥处理对南酸枣幼树生长的影响。结果表明:每株施放2.0 kg有机肥,1年生南酸枣幼树胸径生长量提高了28.06%,树高生长量提高了22.32%;不同施肥配方中叶片的氮、磷、钾元素含量有显著性差异,但不同配方叶片氮、钾、磷元素含量均呈递减趋势;树高、胸径生长量最佳的处理12叶片中的氮、磷、钾含量也最高,与对照相比提高了35.03%、100.02%、52.87%;氮元素对幼年期南酸枣胸径、树高生长发育有极显著作用,磷、钾元素对南酸枣胸径生长发育有显著作用,这为南酸枣幼树平衡施肥提供了理论依据。

杧果生育期叶片及果实矿质元素变化规律研究

通过对海南省乐东县"台农芒1号"生育期叶片及果实中N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn 9种矿质元素含量进行跟踪分析,研究叶片及果实养分含量变化及相关性。结果表明:(1)果实中N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Mn,Cu,Zn元素质量分数随果实生长均呈规律性下降,相互间均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),而与鲜重、干重呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。(2)果实生育期内第2次梢叶片N质量分数先升后降,K,P,Zn质量分数先降后升,Mg,Mn,Cu质量分数下降,Fe质量分数变化波动较大,Ca质量分数较为稳定;第1次梢叶片养分的质量分数变化与第2次梢相似。(3)第2次梢叶片矿质元素间、以及第2次梢叶片与果实间矿质元素的相关性均比第1次梢更为密切。(4)果实中养分平均质量分数大小顺序为:N,K>Ca,P,Mg>Mn,Fe>Zn>Cu;幼果期N>K,之后K>N;幼果期及膨大期Ca>P>Mg,之后质量分数相近;幼果期及膨大期Mn>Fe,之后质量分数相近。(5)果实生育期叶片中养分平均质量分数大小顺序为:Ca>N>K>P>Mg>Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu。

‘富士’苹果幼树叶片内源激素与矿质营养年动态变化分析

【目的】探究无土栽培条件下不同砧木类型‘富士’苹果幼树叶片植物激素和矿质元素含量的年动态变化,明确不同砧木类型‘富士’苹果幼树叶片内源激素和养分周年变化特性,为‘富士’苹果砧木矮化性预测和叶片营养诊断提供参考。【方法】以3 a生T337自根砧、T337中间砧和乔砧‘富士’苹果幼树为试材,每小区分别选取长势一致的6株幼树作为1次重复,共3次重复。【结果】3种砧木类型‘富士’苹果幼树生长势强弱为乔砧>T337中间砧>T337自根砧。‘富士’苹果幼树定植后60~90 d,叶片IAA/ABA和(IAA+GA+ZR)/ABA比值均为乔砧>T337中间砧>T337自根砧,叶片ABA含量为T337自根砧>T337中间砧>乔砧,幼树生长势越强,叶片IAA/ABA和(IAA+GA+ZR)/ABA比值越大,叶片ABA含量越少。3种砧木类型‘富士’苹果幼树叶片N和P含量定植后90~150 d变化平稳,K、Ca和Mg含量定植后60~120 d变化较小,表明‘富士’苹果幼树定植后90~120 d叶片矿质元素含量变化较平稳。‘富士’苹果幼树叶片ABA与Ca含量存在极显著正相关关系,(IAA+GA+ZR)/ABA比值和IAA/ABA比值与Ca含量呈极显著负相关关系,相关系数均大于0.8。【结论】年周期内‘富士’苹果叶片内源激素和矿质营养含量呈波动变化趋势,且不同砧木类型间存在一定的差异,取样时间不同,分析结果存在差异。通过激素含量预测‘富士’苹果砧木矮化性的适宜采集叶样时期为定植后60~90 d,而‘富士’苹果叶片营养诊断较合理的采样时期为定植后90~120 d。