Comparison of Net Photosynthetic Rate in Leaves of Soybean with Different Yield Levels

A total of nine soybean （Glycine max （L.） Merr.） cultivars were divided into three yield levels which were planted under the same environmental condition. The net photosynthetic rate was measured by LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system. The chlorophyll content and specific leaf weight were measured with regular methods. The results showed that the specific leaf weight, chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of high yield varieties were higher than those of low yield varieties. The yield had a significantly positive correlation with the net photosynthetic rate. With the improvement of modem technology, the net photosynthetic rate could be measured quickly and exactly. Hence, net photosynthetic rate could be used as an effective index in the selection of high yield soybean.

Varietal difference in the correlation between leaf nitrogen content and photosynthesis in rice(Oryza sativa L.) plants is related to specific leaf weight

Increasing leaf photosynthesis per area（A） is of great importance to achieve yield further improvement. The aim of this study was to exploit varietal difference in A and its correlation with specific leaf weight（SLW）. Twelve rice cultivars, including 6 indica and 6 japonica varieties, were pot-grown under two N treatments, low N（LN） and sufficient N（SN）. Leaf photosynthesis and related parameters were measured at tillering stage. Compared with LN treatment, A, stomatal conductance（g_s）, mesophyll conductance（g_m）, leaf N content（N_（area））, and chlorophyll content were significantly improved under SN treatment, while SLW and photosynthetic N use efficiency（PNUE） were generally decreased. Varietal difference in A was positively related to both g_s and g_m, but not related to N_（area）. This resulted in a low PNUE in high N_（area） leaves. Varietal difference in PNUE was generally negatively related to SLW. Response of PNUE to N supply varied among different rice cultivars, and interestingly, the decrease in PNUE under SN was negatively related to the decrease in SLW. With a higher N_（area）, japonica rice cultivars did not show a higher A than indica rice cultivars because of possession of high-SLW leaves. Therefore, varietal difference in A was not related to N_（area）, and SLW can substantially interfere with the correlation between A and N_（area）. These findings may provide useful information for rice breeders to maximize A and PNUE, rather than over reliance on N_（area） as an indicator of photosynthetic performance.

Effects of nitrogen application rates and irrigation regimes on grain yield and water use efficiency of maize under alternate partial rootzone irrigation

Faced with the scarcity of water resources and irrational fertilizer use,it is critical to supply plants with water and fertilizer in a coordinated pattern to improve yield with high water use efficiency(WUE).One such method,alternate partial root-zone irrigation(APRI),has been practiced worldwide,but there is limited information on the performance of different irrigation regimes and nitrogen(N)rates under APRI.The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of varying irrigation regimes and N rates on shoot growth,grain yield and WUE of maize(Zea mays L.)grown under APRI in the Hexi Corridor area of Northwest China in 2014 and 2015.The three N rates were 100,200 and 300 kg N ha–1,designated N1,N2 and N3,respectively.The three irrigation regimes of 45–50%,60–65%and 75–80%field capacity(FC)throughout the maize growing season,designated W1,W2 and W3,respectively,were applied in combination with each N rate.The results showed that W2 and W3 significantly increased the plant height,stem diameter,crop growth rate,chlorophyll SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),biomass,grain yield,ears per ha,kernels per cob,1000-kernel weight,harvest index,evapotranspiration and leaf area index(LAI)compared to W1 at each N rate.The N2 and N3 treatments increased those parameters compared to N1 in each irrigation treatment.Increasing the N rate from the N2 to N3 resulted in increased biomass and grain yield under W3 while it had no impact on those under the W1 and W2 treatments.The W3 N3 and W2 N2 and W2 N3 treatments achieved the greatest and the second-greatest biomass and grain yield,respectively.Increasing the N rate significantly enhanced the maximum LAI(LAI at the silking stage)and Pn under W3,suggesting that the interaction of irrigation and fertilizer N management can effectively improve leaf growth and development,and consequently provide high biomass and grain yield of maize.The W2 N2,W2 N3 and W3 N3 treatments attained the greatest WUE among all the treatments.Thus,either 60–65%FC coupled with 200–300 kg N ha–1 or 75–80%FC coupled with 300 kg N ha–1 is proposed as a better pattern of irrigation and nitrogen application with positive regulative effects on grain yield and WUE of maize under APRI in the Hexi Corridor area of Northwest China and other regions with similar environments.These results can provide a basis for indepth understanding of the mechanisms of grain yield and WUE to supply levels of water and nitrogen.

氮肥形态对山苍子幼苗生长及生理的影响

【目的】筛选适宜的氮素肥料,为山苍子苗期施肥提供参考。【方法】以同一家系1年生山苍子幼苗为试验材料,设置不施肥、硝态氮、铵态氮、硝铵态氮、酰胺态氮、氨基酸态氮共6个处理,施肥处理结束3个月后,测定苗高、地径生长量、地上部生物量、地下部生物量、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量和总叶绿素含量、叶片光合气体交换参数、光响应曲线参数和叶片养分含量指标,分析山苍子幼苗生长及生理特性对不同形态氮肥的响应。【结果】与不施肥的对照相比,不同形态氮肥处理均不同程度地促进了山苍子幼苗生长,增大了其生物量,以酰胺态氮处理的效果最为显著;仅酰胺态氮处理显著增加了叶片叶绿素的含量;不同形态氮肥对叶片光合作用的影响不同,所有氮肥处理均提高了净光合速率,酰胺态氮处理显著提高了气孔导度,硝态氮、铵态氮、硝铵态氮显著降低了蒸腾速率且显著提高了水分利用效率;酰胺态氮处理显著提高了最大净光合速率、铵态氮显著降低最大净光合速率,各处理中表观量子效率、光补偿点、暗呼吸速率无显著差异;所有氮肥处理均显著提高了叶片氮含量,硝铵态氮、酰胺态氮处理降低了叶片磷含量,除氨基酸态氮处理外其余氮肥处理显著提高了叶片钾含量。【结论】不同形态氮肥对山苍子幼苗生长和生理特性的影响不尽相同,按照肥效由优到劣排序依次为酰胺态氮、硝铵态氮、铵态氮、氨基酸态氮、硝态氮、对照,酰胺态氮更有利于促进山苍子幼苗生长发育。

氮肥后移对玉米灌浆、光合特性与氮效率的影响

为提高氮肥利用率,以郑单958为材料,2021-2022年在施氮总量250 kg·hm^(-2)条件下,设置4个施氮处理,传统施氮(全部基施,N1)为对照、拔节期后移30%+灌浆期后移10%(N2)、拔节期后移20%+灌浆期后移20%(N3)、拔节期后移10%+灌浆期后移30%(N4),以及不施氮区(N0),分析不同施氮处理对玉米灌浆,光合特性和氮效率的影响。结果表明,氮肥后移处理可显著促进籽粒灌浆,增加籽粒干物质量,灌浆高峰提前,延长了灌浆活跃期,平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率增加。与常规施氮不后移相比,氮肥后移处理可使玉米维持较高的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)。氮肥后移能够显著提高成熟期氮素累积量、氮肥利用率、氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力。氮肥后移还能够显著增加夏玉米穗粒数和百粒重,使籽粒产量平均提高了16.32%~34.67%,生物产量平均提高了12.81%~25.89%。在施氮总量250 kg·hm^(-2)的水平下,拔节期后移20%+灌浆期后移20%(N3)可有效提高河南砂姜黑土区夏玉米氮素供需吻合度,是实现夏玉米增产、增效的有效措施。

载畜率对冷蒿不同根际距离土壤细菌及其碳氮含量的影响

为了探究荒漠草原不同载畜率下半灌木植物冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)根、茎、叶碳氮含量与其根际、非根际土壤细菌群落结构的关系,利用高通量测序技术分析土壤(根际和非根际)细菌多样性和群落组成,测定根、茎、叶碳氮含量,分析细菌多样性与根茎叶碳氮含量的关系。结果表明:不同载畜率对冷蒿根茎叶的碳氮含量存在显著影响,中度和重度放牧会限制冷蒿的生长发育。不同载畜率下,根际土壤属水平下细菌的相对丰度均高于非根际土壤,根际与非根际土壤细菌Simpson指数、ACE指数均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。冷蒿根茎叶碳氮含量与土壤中红色杆菌属和亚硝化球菌属的相对丰度存在相关性关系。

Variation of nitric oxide emission potential in plants: a possible link to leaf N content and net photosynthetic activity

Aims Ecological systems,especially soils,have been recently recognized as an important source of atmospheric nitric oxide(No).However,the study on the contribution of plants to atmospheric No budget is significantly lagged.The specific objectives of this study are to reveal the phylogenetic variation in No emission potential existing in various plant species and find out the possible leaf traits affecting No emission potential.Methods We measured No emission potential,leaf N and C content,C:N ratio,specific leaf area,net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and estimated photosynthetic N use efficiency(PNuE)of 88 plant species.Further investigation of the relationships between No emission potential and leaf traits were performed by simple linear regression analysis and pair-wise correlation coefficients analysis.Important Findingsmajor results are as follows:(1)No emission from plant species exhibited large variations,ranging from 0 to 41.7 nmol m^(−2) h^(−1),and the species frequency distributions of No emission potential could be fitted to a log-normal curve.(2)among 88 species,No emission potential was the highest in Podocarpus macrophyllus,but lowest in Zanthoxylum nitidum and Vernicia montana.(3)No emission potential has strong correlation to leaf N content,Pn and PNuE.The variations in No emission potential among diverse plant species may be closely related to leaf N level and net photosynthetic ability.

Study on the Photosynthetic Characteristics in Spring Maize (Zea mays L.)of Different Quality Type

common maize synthetic rate（ Photosynthetic characteristics were probed by sweet maize, waxy maize, high starch maize and The results revealed that leaf area index （LAI）, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content,photo-PR） showed single peak curve at the whole growth stage. The stages of peak were different according to different varieties. NEAUS4 had the lowest peak and while SIDAN 19 had the highest among all stages. Ratio of chlorophyll a to b was low at seedling stage, reached the peak atjointing stage and then declined. SIDAN 19 had the lower level at the last stages.

吉林省不同年代玉米品种光合生理特性对施氮量的响应

明确吉林省不同年代玉米品种产量、叶片氮含量与光合特性对不同氮素用量的响应趋势,对东北地区玉米高产品种选育具有重要的实践意义。本研究以20世纪70年代年以来吉林省大面积推广应用的6个代表性品种为研究对象(1970s:吉单101、中单2号;1990s:四单19、吉单159;2010s:先玉335和农华101),在大田条件下共设置4个氮素水平(0、125、250和375 kg hm^(–2)),分析了氮素施用量对不同年代玉米品种产量、叶片氮含量及光合特征参数等的影响。结果表明,所有氮水平下玉米籽粒产量均随品种更替而提高,现代品种在较高氮水平下(≥250 kg hm^(–2))产量优势更明显,各处理产量的提高主要是单穗粒数和粒重同时增加的结果。当施氮量不高于250 kg hm^(–2)时,各年代玉米品种穗位叶净光合速率(Pn)均随施氮量增加而提高,现代品种显著高于老品种,当施氮量为375kghm^(–2)时Pn均显著降低,降低幅度表现为老品种高于现代品种。而吐丝至蜡熟期,Pn降低幅度随施氮量增加和品种更替而减小。玉米光补偿点、暗呼吸速率在不同时期均表现为2010s最高、1990s次之、1970s最低,其中2010s品种的光补偿点比1990s、1970s品种平均分别提高9.72%、27.84%,暗呼吸速率平均提高7.82%、32.98%。各年代品种比叶重(specific leafweight,SLW)随施氮量增加而提高,同一施氮量下SLW表现为随品种更替而降低。不同品种叶片单位面积氮含量(Narea)均随施氮量增加而提高,不施氮处理老品种显著降低,施氮处理品种间无显著差异。相关分析表明,Pn与SLW呈显著正相关关系,而Pn与Narea之间关系可用二次曲线方程拟合,Pn随Narea增加出现转折的Narea值为1.57g m–2。不同年代品种的光合氮利用效率(PNUE)均随施氮量增加而降低,而较高氮水平下(≥250 kg hm^(–2))PNUE随品种更替而显著提高。综上,在较高氮水平下现代玉米品种比老品种显著增产主要归因于其Pn和PNUE的提高,而Pn和PNUE的提高又与比叶重(SLM)、叶片N含量(Nmass、Narea)等性状密切相关,推荐在玉米品种选育过程中参考。

氮肥对大豆合农134叶部性状及干物质积累的影响

为明确合理的氮肥施用时期和施用比例,以大豆合农134为试验材料,设置纯氮不同施用时期和比例处理方式,研究分期、不同方式施用氮肥对始花期(R1)、盛花期(R2)、盛荚期(R4)、盛粒期(R6)大豆叶部性状及干物质积累的影响。结果表明,最佳的施氮方式为处理2[种肥2.0 kg·(667 m^(2))^(-1)、始花期追施1.0 kg·(667 m^(2))^(-1)、始花期喷施1.0 kg·(667 m^(2))^(-1)、盛花期不施],其次为处理3[种肥2.0 kg·(667 m^(2))^(-1)、始花期追施1.0 kg·(667 m^(2))^(-1)、始花期喷施0.5 kg·(667 m^(2))^(-1)、盛花期喷施0.5 kg·(667 m^(2))^(-1)]。处理2与处理3在盛荚期(R4)、盛粒期(R6)的叶面积指数分别为3.75,3.60与2.75,2.65;光合速率分别为22.5,23.1μmol CO_(2)·m^(-2)·s^(-1)与15.9,16.3μmol CO_(2)·m^(-2)·s^(-1);干物质积累分别为35.2,34.9 g·株^(-1)与57.8,56.9 g·株^(-1)。这两个处理的叶部性状及干物质积累在大豆生长的关键期盛荚期(R4)、盛粒期(R6)优于其他处理。该处理方式能够有效提高氮肥的利用效率,利于大豆形成良好的叶部性状和干物质的积累。

Relative position of seeds driven the seedling growth are mediated by root-leaf traits

Variations in plant traits are indicative of plant adaptations to forest environments,and studying their relationships with tree growth provides valuable insights into forest regeneration.The spatial arrangement of plant seeds within the forest litter or soil critically infuences the variations of root-leaf traits,thereby affecting the adaptive strategies of emerging seedlings.However,our current understanding of the impacts of individual root-leaf traits on seedling growth in different relative position,and whether these traits together affect growth,remains limited.This study focuses on the dominant tree species,Castanopsis kawakamii,within the Sanming C.kawakamii Nature Reserve of China.The present experiment aimed to examine the variations in root-leaf traits of seedling,focus on the relative positions of seeds within different layers:beneath or above the litter layer,or within the bare soil layer(without litter).Our fndings provided evidence supporting a coordinated relationship between root and leaf traits,wherein leaf traits varied in conjunction with root traits in the relative positions of seeds.Specifcally,we observed that seedlings exhibited higher values for specifc leaf area and average root diameter,while displaying lower root tissue density.The mixed model explained 86.1%of the variation in root-leaf traits,surpassing the variation explained by the relative positions.Furthermore,soil nitrogen acted as a mediator,regulating the relationship between seedling growth and root-leaf traits,specifcally leaf dry matter content and root tissue density.Therefore,future studies should consider artifcially manipulating tree species diversity based on root-leaf traits characteristics to promote forest recovery.

不同年代大豆品种叶片氮含量及其与净光合速率的关系

为了解大豆品种遗传改良过程中叶片氮含量的变化及其与净光合速率的关系,对吉林省1923-2004年间育成的21个大豆品种的叶片氮含量和光合特性进行了研究。结果表明,叶片氮含量与育成年代在R2期和R6期呈极显著或显著正相关,但在R4期呈不显著负相关。在R2期和R6期,大豆品种间叶片单位叶面积氮含量增长率明显大于净光合速率增长率,导致了氮素光合利用效率与育成年代呈极显著或显著负相关;在R4期,现代品种叶片单位叶面积氮含量低于老品种,而净光合速率仍高于老品种,导致了氮素光合利用效率与育成年代呈显著正相关。叶片氮含量高,叶绿素含量就高,净光合速率也高,但氮素光合利用效率却低;可将R4期氮素光合利用效率作为高产品种选育的一个指标。

不同遮荫水平下香榧苗期光合作用及氮分配的响应机制

【目的】通过比较不同遮荫水平下香榧苗期的生长指标、气体交换参数、光合色素含量和叶氮含量的差异,初步探讨不同遮荫水平下香榧苗期光合作用及氮分配的响应机制。【方法】以2年生香榧苗为材料,测定不同遮荫水平(0,50%,75%和90%遮荫水平)下香榧苗的苗高、地径、生物量及叶片的光响应、二氧化碳(CO_2)响应曲线、叶绿素和叶氮含量等指标。【结果】随遮荫水平的增加,香榧苗叶色逐渐增绿;地径增量和生物量均呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中50%和75%遮荫水平下的地径增量最高,分别为0遮荫下的215.2%和233.6%(P<0.05),为90%遮荫下的161.4%和175.2%(P<0.05);75%遮荫水平下的生物量最高,分别为0,50%,90%遮荫下的141.0%,111.5%和114.0%(P<0.05)。随遮荫水平的增加,香榧苗的根冠比逐渐降低,但其叶片的叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量均呈逐渐升高的趋势。随遮荫水平的增加,香榧苗期叶片的光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)呈逐渐下降的趋势;其表观量子效率(AQY)呈逐渐升高的趋势;其最大净光合速率(P_(max))、最大Ru BP羧化速率(V_(cmax))及Ru BP再生的光合电子传递速率(J_(max))均呈先升高后降低的趋势,且这些参数在50%和75%遮荫水平下最高;但其单位面积上的叶氮含量(N_a)呈逐渐降低的趋势。随遮荫水平的增加,分配到羧化作用的N素(N_c)、能量代谢的N素(N_B)、捕光色素的N素(N_L)、光合氮素利用效率(PNUE)均呈先增加后降低的趋势,除N_L外其他参数均在75%遮荫水平下最高。【结论】遮荫处理能有效地促进香榧苗的生长;有效加强香榧苗对早晨或傍晚弱光的利用,这有利于植物体的生长发育。而过度遮荫(90%遮荫水平)的香榧苗P_(max)显著降低,这可能与其为了捕获更多的光能,将更多资源用于捕光蛋白上,而导致光合能力下降有关。与50%遮荫水平相比,75%遮荫水平的香榧苗将更多的氮素分配到光合机构(Nc和N_B)中,从而显著提高PNUE。综上所述,前期苗木培育中,给予香榧苗75%遮荫水平有利于其生长发育。

25种南亚热带植物耐阴性的初步研究

该文研究了南亚热带不同生活型植物的耐阴性,为城市绿化植物选择配置提供实验依据.选取25种南亚热带植物的盆栽幼苗作为试验材料,其种类包括目前正在推广的园林植物和采自森林的灌木和地被植物,用LI6200光合作用测定系统等仪器测定各种植物叶片的形态特征、光合作用和光合光响应曲线,包括叶片厚度(LT)、叶面积(LA)、比叶面积(SLA)、含水量(LWC)、叶绿素含量(Chl)、叶绿素ab值(Chlab)、光合速率(Pn)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)、光补偿点(LCP)、光饱和点(LSP)和表观量子效率(Φ)等生理指标,并对测定结果进行方差分析、相关分析和聚类分析,比较分析植物的耐阴程度.结果表明,25种植物可分为3类:第1类为耐阴性较强的硬枝老鸭嘴、百两金、野芋、桢桐、板蓝根、狮子尾、红背桂、虾脊兰、宫粉郁金和黑骨蕨等10种,第2类为耐阴性中等的石柑子、大花鸳鸯茉莉、北江砂仁、崖爬藤、合果芋和华南胡椒等6种,第3类为耐阴性相对较弱的可爱花、鸡爪兰、咖啡、扇蕨、棕叶九尾草、草果、千年健、大叶仙茅和虎舌红等9种.Pn与Chlab值和Rd呈显著的正相关,与Chlb呈显著的负相关;LCP与LSP呈显著正相关;Chlb与Chla和Chla+b呈极其显著正相关,与Chlab呈显著负相关;SLA与LA呈显著正相关,与LWC呈极其显著正相关.

施氮量和花后土壤含水量对小麦旗叶光合特性和产量的影响

在防雨池栽条件下，研究了施氮量和花后土壤含水量对小麦旗叶光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明，在相同土壤含水量下，小麦旗叶SPAD值、光合速率、Fv／Fo和Fv／Fm均表现为随着施氮量的增加而升高；增加施氮量有利于提高穗数，但过多（300kg／hm^2）或过少（150kg/hm^2）施氮均不利于穗粒数和干粒重的提高，而导致减产。在相同施氮量下，均表现为花后土壤含水量60％～70％处理的旗叶SPAD值、光合速率、Fv／Fo和Fv／Fm最高，40％～50％处理最低，80％～90％处理居中，花后土壤含水量过高（80％～90％）或过低（40％-50％）导致穗粒数减少，千粒重降低，最终使产量降低。表明花后土壤含水量过高或过低均影响小麦旗叶的光合特性降低，而适当增施氮肥可以改善旗叶的光合特性，增加粒重，提高产量。

氮磷添加对金露梅叶片化学计量及光合特征的影响

通过三种养分添加处理,氮添加(5、10和15g·m-2)、磷添加(梯度同氮添加)、氮磷同时添加[(5g N+5g P)·m-2、(10g N+10g P)·m-2、(15g N+15g P)·m-2],对照(无养分添加),探讨养分添加对金露梅叶片性状氮含量(Nmass)、磷含量(Pmass)、氮磷比(N∶P)、比叶重(LMA)、净光合速率(Pn)和光合氮利用效率(PNUE)的影响,以及各性状之间的相互关系。结果表明:在处理水平上,除N或P显著提高金露梅叶片的N∶P外,氮、磷添加对叶片其它性状无显著影响;不同氮、磷处理下添加水平对金露梅叶片的Nmass、N∶P、Pn和PNUE均有显著影响,随着养分水平提高,各性状的变化模式各不相同,叶片Pmass无明显变化,而叶片LMA虽有降低的趋势但不显著。回归分析表明,叶片Pmass与Nmass之间呈显著正相关(R2=0.347,P<0.001),叶片Nmass与N∶P之间也呈显著正相关(R2=0.018,P<0.05),而叶片Pmass与N∶P呈显著负相关(R2=0.505,P<0.001);叶片LMA与Pn之间显著负相关(R2=0.02,P<0.05),而与PNUE之间显著正相关(R2=0.077,P<0.001)。这表明在一定范围内,环境变化可以改变金露梅叶片的养分保持能力、光合能力以及养分利用效率。

抗蒸腾剂在林业上的应用研究进展与展望

对抗蒸腾剂在林业上的最新应用研究成果进行了综述,介绍了抗蒸腾剂在林业上的应用基础研究情况,包括 施用抗蒸腾剂后对林木蒸腾速率、光合速率、叶水势、叶绿素含量变化等机体生理生化反应的影响以及对林木干旱 胁迫后应答物质含量方面的影响;同时介绍了抗蒸腾剂在提高造林成活率和大树移栽成活率、提高林木抗逆性、提 高果实产量、改善果实品质、防治病虫害、以及花卉和果品保鲜等林业生产应用方面上的应用效果;并对未来一段时 期抗蒸腾剂在林业上的应用研究中需解决的问题进行了阐述。

不同年代水稻品种叶片氮含量变化及其与净光合速率的关系

【目的】探索在遗传改良过程中水稻植株叶片全氮含量的变化及其与净光合速率的关系,明确其在不同年代的变化趋势。【方法】以吉林省1958-2005年育成的33个水稻品种为材料,用凯氏定氮法测定植株叶片全氮含量,用LI-6400型光合测定系统测定功能叶片净光合速率,研究在遗传改良过程中吉林省不同年份育成水稻品种叶片全氮含量与其光合特性的协同进化规律。【结果】随着水稻品种育成年代的推进,叶片全氮含量、叶绿素含量、比叶重、净光合速率均呈增加趋势,而氮素光合利用效率则呈降低趋势;在抽穗期和抽穗后10d,叶片全氮含量与育成年代分别呈极显著或显著正相关;在抽穗期30d,叶绿素含量与育成年代呈极显著正相关;在抽穗期和抽穗后10d,比叶重与育成年代分别呈极显著或显著正相关;在抽穗后10d,净光合速率与育成年代呈显著正相关;而在抽穗期和抽穗后10d,氮素光合利用效率与育成年代呈极显著负相关;抽穗期水稻叶片全氮含量与产量呈极显著正相关。【结论】水稻品种遗传改良过程中,植株叶片氮含量和净光合速率都得到了显著提高,但叶片氮含量的增加幅度明显大于净光合速率的增长,因此在品种改良过程中应注重叶片净光合速率的提高。

大气CO_2浓度升高对香蕉光合作用及光合碳循环过程中叶氮分配的影响

生长在高CO2 浓度 (70 0± 5 6 μl·L-1) 1周的香蕉叶片 ,其光合速率 (Pn ,μmol·m-2 ·s-1)为 5 .14± 0 .32 ,较生长在大气CO2 浓度 (35 6± 30lμl·L-1)的高 2 2 .1% ,而生长在较高CO2 浓度下 8周 ,叶片Pn较生长在大气CO2 浓度的低 18.1% ,表现香蕉叶片对较长期高CO2 浓度的驯化和光合作用抑制 .生长在高CO2 浓度的香蕉叶片有较低光下呼吸速率 (Rd) ,而不包括光下呼吸的CO2 补偿点则变幅较小 .最大羧化速率 (Vcmax)和电子传递速率 (J)分别较生长在大气CO2 浓度的低 30 .5 %和 14 .8% ,根据气体交换速率计算的表观量子产率 (α ,molCO2·mol-1光量子 ) ,生长在较高CO2 浓度下 8周的叶片为 0 .0 14± 0 .0 1,而生长在大气CO2 浓度下的为 0 .0 2 5±0 .0 0 5 .较高CO2 浓度下叶片的表观量子产率降低 44% .光能转换效率 (electrons·quanta-1)亦从 0 .2 0 3降低至0 .136 .生长在较高CO2 浓度下香蕉叶片的叶氮在Rubicos分配系数 (PR)、叶氮在生物力能学组分分配系数(PB)和叶氮在光捕组分的分配系数 (PL)均较生长在大气CO2 浓度低 ,表明在高CO2 浓度下较长期生长 (8周 )的香蕉叶片多个光合过程受抑制 ,光合活性明显降低 .

不同产量水平大豆叶片净光合速率的比较

选择3个不同产量水平的9个栽培大豆(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)品种,在相同的环境条件下种植,用LI-6400型光合作用测定系统,测定不同生育时期大豆叶片的净光合速率,用常规方法测定叶片叶绿素含量和比叶重。结果表明,高产大豆品种叶片比叶重、叶绿素含量和净光合速率均高于低产大豆品种。大豆产量与叶片净光合速率之间呈显著正相关。由于现代技术手段的改进,可方便地进行叶片净光合速率的瞬时、准确测定,因此可以把净光合速率作为选择高产大豆品种的一个有效指标。