[目的/意义]针对小麦叶片病虫害在自然环境下形态和颜色特征较为复杂、区分度较低等特点,提出一种高质量高效的病虫害检测模型,即YOLOv8-SS (You Only Look Once Version 8-SS),为病虫害的预防与科学化治理提供准确的依据。[方法]基于YO...[目的/意义]针对小麦叶片病虫害在自然环境下形态和颜色特征较为复杂、区分度较低等特点,提出一种高质量高效的病虫害检测模型,即YOLOv8-SS (You Only Look Once Version 8-SS),为病虫害的预防与科学化治理提供准确的依据。[方法]基于YOLOv8算法,采用改进的轻量级卷积神经网络ShuffleNet V2作为主干网络提取图像特征即YOLOv8-S,在保持检测精度的同时,减少模型的参数数量和计算负载;在此基础上增加小目标检测层和注意力机制SEnet (Squeeze and Excitation Network),对YOLOv8-S进行改进,在不降低检测速度和不损失模型轻量化程度的情况下提高检测精度,提出YOLOv8-SS小麦叶片病虫害检测模型。[结果与讨论]YOLOv8-SS模型在实验数据集上的平均识别精度和检测准确率分别达89.41%和91.00%,对比原模型分别提高10.11%和7.42%。因此,本研究所提出的方法可显著提高农作物病虫害的检测鲁棒性,并增强模型对小目标图像特征的提取能力,从而高效准确地进行病虫害的检测和识别。[结论]本研究使用的方法具有广泛适用性,可应用于大规模农作物病虫害检测的实际场景中。展开更多
桉树黄化病是一种较特殊的生理性病害,存在一定的突发性和随机性,及时发现并补充养分可大幅减少病害带来的损失。采集桉树黄化叶片、未发病叶片和正常叶片,采用高光谱仪测定不同叶片的光谱特征,基于偏最小二乘法判别分析(Partial Least ...桉树黄化病是一种较特殊的生理性病害,存在一定的突发性和随机性,及时发现并补充养分可大幅减少病害带来的损失。采集桉树黄化叶片、未发病叶片和正常叶片,采用高光谱仪测定不同叶片的光谱特征,基于偏最小二乘法判别分析(Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis,PLS-DA)和正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Dis-criminant Analysis,OPLS-DA)方法,分别建立判别分析模型,对比模型判别效果。结果表明,不同叶片光谱反射曲线呈相同趋势,反射率差异明显,差异较大的波段主要为近红外波段800~1260、1400~1720和2000~2400 nm,受病害影响叶片的原始光谱反射率明显高于正常叶片;对数变换可在一定程度上减少光谱数据冗余量,突出差异;两种线性判别分析方法均能识别潜在黄化叶片,Log-OPLS-DA的判别效果更好,模型R2为0.91,RMSE为0.203。高光谱分析技术结合OPLS-DA对桉树黄化叶片具有一定的预测和识别潜力。展开更多
病虫害的发生将会严重影响莲藕品质与产量,开展病害诊断与识别对藕田病虫害及时对症对病诊治、提升莲藕生产质量与经济效益具有重要意义。该研究以荷叶病虫害高效、准确识别为目标,提出了一种基于改进DenseNet和迁移学习的荷叶病虫害识...病虫害的发生将会严重影响莲藕品质与产量,开展病害诊断与识别对藕田病虫害及时对症对病诊治、提升莲藕生产质量与经济效益具有重要意义。该研究以荷叶病虫害高效、准确识别为目标,提出了一种基于改进DenseNet和迁移学习的荷叶病虫害识别模型。采用分支结构对模型的浅层特征提取模块进行改进,并在Dense Block与Transition Layer中引入Squeeze and Excitation注意力机制模块和锐化的余弦卷积,最后基于Plantvillage数据集进行迁移学习,实现了91.34%的识别准确率。该研究实现了对荷叶腐败病、病毒病、斜纹夜蛾、叶腐病、叶斑病的识别,并将改进后的模型推广应用于基于无人机图像的藕田病虫害检测,实现了病害分布可视化,可对莲藕病虫害的智能化防治提供有益指导。展开更多
The biology of a koinobiont parasitoid of leaf-cutting ant larvae, <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>Szelenyiopria talitae<span ...The biology of a koinobiont parasitoid of leaf-cutting ant larvae, <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>Szelenyiopria talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), was studied from naturally infested <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>Acromyrmex subterraneus<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) nests. Nests were collected in the field from the Atlantic rainforest biome in the state of Rio de Janeiro. A total of fifty-three nests were collected from 2015 to 2018. Parasitized nests were only found during the months of September and October. Approximately 22% of the nests collected over a four-year period were found to have been parasitized by <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S. talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i>. The mean within-nest parasitism rate was<span "=""> 66.3%. This diapriid displayed both solitary (14%) and gregarious parasitism (86%), with up to a maximum of 12 parasitoids developing within a single host. Gregarious parasitism with two (29%) or three (21%) <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S. talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i></span><i></i> per host was most frequently observed. There was a positive correlation between the number of parasitoids per host and host size (dry weight), indicating that <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S. talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> females oviposited a higher number of eggs in larger hosts. There was also a negative correlation between <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S.</i> <i>talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> pharate adult size and the number of parasitoids per host, which could have been caused by sibling competition for limited host resources. The high levels of parasitism seen here had a debilitating effect on the colonies. <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>Acromyrmex subterraneus<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> is a serious pest in Brazil, and these studies lay the foundation for understanding the impact of <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S. talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> on ant populations.展开更多
Brown planthopper, the sap sucking hemipteran pest, is one of the major contributors to the yield loss of rice through the world. To combat the situation researchers are interested identifying genes from plant origin ...Brown planthopper, the sap sucking hemipteran pest, is one of the major contributors to the yield loss of rice through the world. To combat the situation researchers are interested identifying genes from plant origin having potentiality to develop hemipteran pest resistance. Interestingly, it was observed that rice plants expressing ASAL, a monocot mannose binding lectin, showed significant resistance to brown planthopper and green leafhopper. Additionally, antibiotic resistant marker gene free ASAL expressing rice lines were developed to overcome the biosafety issues. However, the basis behind the resistance against planthoppers is still not clearly understood. Ligand blot assay was performed with total BBMV protein from BPH and a ~56 kDa receptor protein was detected. LC MS/MS analysis revealed that the receptor protein is NADH quinone oxidoreductase (NQO), a key player in electron transport chain, insect defense response and male/female gametogenesis. Presumably interaction of ASAL with NQO may lead to toxicity and loss of fecundity among BPH feeding on ASAL expressing transgenic rice plants. These findings provide a stable scientific basis for considering these transgenic ASAL expressing rice plants as significant product for combating BPH attack associated yield loss of rice.展开更多
文摘[目的/意义]针对小麦叶片病虫害在自然环境下形态和颜色特征较为复杂、区分度较低等特点,提出一种高质量高效的病虫害检测模型,即YOLOv8-SS (You Only Look Once Version 8-SS),为病虫害的预防与科学化治理提供准确的依据。[方法]基于YOLOv8算法,采用改进的轻量级卷积神经网络ShuffleNet V2作为主干网络提取图像特征即YOLOv8-S,在保持检测精度的同时,减少模型的参数数量和计算负载;在此基础上增加小目标检测层和注意力机制SEnet (Squeeze and Excitation Network),对YOLOv8-S进行改进,在不降低检测速度和不损失模型轻量化程度的情况下提高检测精度,提出YOLOv8-SS小麦叶片病虫害检测模型。[结果与讨论]YOLOv8-SS模型在实验数据集上的平均识别精度和检测准确率分别达89.41%和91.00%,对比原模型分别提高10.11%和7.42%。因此,本研究所提出的方法可显著提高农作物病虫害的检测鲁棒性,并增强模型对小目标图像特征的提取能力,从而高效准确地进行病虫害的检测和识别。[结论]本研究使用的方法具有广泛适用性,可应用于大规模农作物病虫害检测的实际场景中。
文摘病虫害的发生将会严重影响莲藕品质与产量,开展病害诊断与识别对藕田病虫害及时对症对病诊治、提升莲藕生产质量与经济效益具有重要意义。该研究以荷叶病虫害高效、准确识别为目标,提出了一种基于改进DenseNet和迁移学习的荷叶病虫害识别模型。采用分支结构对模型的浅层特征提取模块进行改进,并在Dense Block与Transition Layer中引入Squeeze and Excitation注意力机制模块和锐化的余弦卷积,最后基于Plantvillage数据集进行迁移学习,实现了91.34%的识别准确率。该研究实现了对荷叶腐败病、病毒病、斜纹夜蛾、叶腐病、叶斑病的识别,并将改进后的模型推广应用于基于无人机图像的藕田病虫害检测,实现了病害分布可视化,可对莲藕病虫害的智能化防治提供有益指导。
文摘The biology of a koinobiont parasitoid of leaf-cutting ant larvae, <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>Szelenyiopria talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), was studied from naturally infested <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>Acromyrmex subterraneus<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) nests. Nests were collected in the field from the Atlantic rainforest biome in the state of Rio de Janeiro. A total of fifty-three nests were collected from 2015 to 2018. Parasitized nests were only found during the months of September and October. Approximately 22% of the nests collected over a four-year period were found to have been parasitized by <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S. talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i>. The mean within-nest parasitism rate was<span "=""> 66.3%. This diapriid displayed both solitary (14%) and gregarious parasitism (86%), with up to a maximum of 12 parasitoids developing within a single host. Gregarious parasitism with two (29%) or three (21%) <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S. talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i></span><i></i> per host was most frequently observed. There was a positive correlation between the number of parasitoids per host and host size (dry weight), indicating that <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S. talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> females oviposited a higher number of eggs in larger hosts. There was also a negative correlation between <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S.</i> <i>talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> pharate adult size and the number of parasitoids per host, which could have been caused by sibling competition for limited host resources. The high levels of parasitism seen here had a debilitating effect on the colonies. <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>Acromyrmex subterraneus<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> is a serious pest in Brazil, and these studies lay the foundation for understanding the impact of <span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><i></i></span><i><i>S. talitae<span style="color:#4D5156;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></span></i></i> on ant populations.
文摘Brown planthopper, the sap sucking hemipteran pest, is one of the major contributors to the yield loss of rice through the world. To combat the situation researchers are interested identifying genes from plant origin having potentiality to develop hemipteran pest resistance. Interestingly, it was observed that rice plants expressing ASAL, a monocot mannose binding lectin, showed significant resistance to brown planthopper and green leafhopper. Additionally, antibiotic resistant marker gene free ASAL expressing rice lines were developed to overcome the biosafety issues. However, the basis behind the resistance against planthoppers is still not clearly understood. Ligand blot assay was performed with total BBMV protein from BPH and a ~56 kDa receptor protein was detected. LC MS/MS analysis revealed that the receptor protein is NADH quinone oxidoreductase (NQO), a key player in electron transport chain, insect defense response and male/female gametogenesis. Presumably interaction of ASAL with NQO may lead to toxicity and loss of fecundity among BPH feeding on ASAL expressing transgenic rice plants. These findings provide a stable scientific basis for considering these transgenic ASAL expressing rice plants as significant product for combating BPH attack associated yield loss of rice.