Sequestration of toxic Pb(Ⅱ) ions by chemically treated rubber(Hevea brasiliensis) leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder （an agricultural waste） was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb（II） ions from aqueous solution was evaluated. The interactions between Pb（II） ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDX）. The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentration and contact time were studied. The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4-5. Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, almost 100% of Pb（II） ions （23 mg/L） could be removed. The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time, and relatively a short period of time （60-90 min） was required to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g. Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process, and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.

Oral administration of Moringa oleifera leaf powder relieves oxidative stress,modulates mucosal immune response and cecal microbiota after exposure to heat stress in New Zealand White rabbits

Background:Heat stress(HS)disrupts the gut barrier allowing the uptake of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and leads to an inflammatory response and changes in gut microbiota composition.Moringa oleifera leaf powder(MOLP)has been proposed to combat HS,yet its alleviate role is currently under investigation.The current study investigated the effects of chronic HS and MOLP supplementation on changes in redox status and immune response of cecal mucosa along with alteration in cecal microbiota.Methods:A total of 21 young New Zealand White(NZW)rabbits(male)about 32 weeks old(mean body weight of 3318±171 g)reared on a commercial pelleted diet were employed;divided into three groups(n=7):control(CON,25°C),heat stress(HS,35°C for 7 h daily),and HS supplemented orally with MOLP(HSM,35°C)at 200 mg/kg body weight per day for 4 weeks.Results:The results demonstrated that MOLP supplementation increased organ index of cecal tissue compared with the HS group(P>0.05).Levels of malonaldehyde(MDA)and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)as well as lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)were reduced in the cecal mucosa of the HSM group compared with the HS group.MOLP downregulated the contents of cecal mucosa LPS,several inflammatory markers(TNF-α/IL-1α/IL-1β),and myeloperoxidase(MPO)in the HSM group(P<0.05).Secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA)was increased in the HSM group compared with the HS group(P<0.05).The transcriptome of cecal mucosa showed that MOLP reduced gene expression relative to several immune factors,including IL-10,IFNG,and RLA,whereas both HS and MOLP increased the gene expression of fat digestion and absorption pathway,including APOA1,FABP1,FABP2,MTTP,andLOC100344166,compared to the CON group(P<0.001).At the phylum level,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was increased by HS,while Actinobacteria was significantly increased by HSM compared to other groups(P<0.05).At genus level,Papillibacter was higher in abundance in HSM groups compared to CON and HS groups(P<0.05).Higher butyrate concentrations were observed in the HSM group than HS and CON groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:In conclusion,HS in growing rabbits resulted in alteration of cecal microbiota at phyla level as well as increased oxidative stress and expression of mucosal inflammatory genes.Whereas,oral MOLP supplementation elevated the relative weight of cecum,affected their immunological and cecal micro-ecosystem function by improving antioxidant status and down-regulating mucosal tissue inflammatory response.

Removal of aqueous Ni(Ⅱ) with carbonized leaf powder: Kinetics and equilibrium

Nickel is a heavy metal which has the potential threaten to human's health and attracts public concern recently. The carbonized leaf powder is expected as suitable adsorbent for Ni(II) removal became of the composition of some beneficial groups. In this work, carbonized leaf powder was evaluated for its adsorption performance towards Ni(II). According to the results, adsorbent component, dosage, initial solute concentration, solution p H, temperature and contact time can significantly affect the efficiency of Ni(II) removal. Sips model fits the test results best, and the adsorption capacity towards Ni(II) is determined around 37.62 mg/g. The thermodynamic behaviors reveal the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the adsorption. The free adsorption energy(fluctuate around 8 k J/mol) predicted by D-R model indicates that the adsorption capacity originated from both physical and chemical adsorption. Room temperature(15-25 °C) is suitable for Ni(II) removal as well as low energy consumption for temperature enhancement. Further conclusions about the mechanism of chemical adsorption are obtained through analysis of the FT-IR test and XRD spectra, which indicates that the adsorption process occurs predominantly between amine, carbonate, phosphate and nickel ions.

Effect of <i>Moringa oleifera</i>Leaf Powder Supplementation on Some Quality Characteristics of Wheat Bread

The effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation on some physico-chemical and sensory properties of wheat bread was determined. Bread was prepared from varying proportions of 100%, 99%, 98%, 97%, 96% and 95% wheat flour supplemented with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% Moringa oleifera leaf powder respectively. The bread samples were allowed to cool at ambient temperature (30℃± 1℃) and analysed for some physical properties, proximate composition, and sensory attributes. Moringa leaf powder addition significantly (p % to 3.28%), ash (1.10% to 1.65%), protein (9.07% to 13.97%), and ether extract (1.51% to 2.59%), while decreasing moisture content (35.20% to 27.65%). Moringa leaf powder supplementation also significantly (p cm3, 32.32 to 25.65 g, 7.00 to 5.83 cm and 4.70 to 2.65 cm3/g respectively, while the loaf weight increased from 169.20 to 185.86 g. There was a significant (p mg/100g and 0.02 to 3.27 mg/100g respectively, while Iron (Fe) and Cupper (Cu) contents decreased from 2.74 to 1.25 mg/100g and 2.26 to 0.03 mg/100g respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that although there was significant (p Moringa supplementation. This implies that despite the high nutrient content of Moringa oleifera powder, it is not a good substitute for wheat in bread production due to its physical characteristics and sensory attributes.

Nutritional Evaluation of Complementary Food Formulations from Maize, Soybean and Peanut Fortified with <i>Moringa oleifera</i>Leaf Powder

Nutritional evaluation of complementary food formulations from maize, soybean and peanut fortified with Moringa oleifera leaf powder was carried out. Maize, soybean and peanut were blended in a ratio of 60:30:10 to produce a complementary food, which was then fortified. While the unfortified food product (sample A) served as control, the other three formulations were fortified with 5%, 10% and 15% Moringa leaf powder to give three samples (B, C and D respectively) of fortified food. Nutritional composition determination and feeding trials were then carried out, using two weeks old male albino rats to determine the performance of the food formulations. While the crude protein, crude fibre, and ash contents of the diets increased significantly (p with fortification, with values ranging from 16.04% to 17.59%, 2.25% to 4.42% and 1.40% to 2.50% respectively, crude fat and carbohydrate decreased significantly (p < 0.05), with concomitant decrease in energy, with values ranging from 23.48% to 20.80%, 49.32% to 47.63% and 472.76% to 448.08 kcal/100g respectively in samples A to D. PER values significantly (p < 0.05) improved up to 10% substitution, from 1.77 in unfortified (sample A) to 1.90 in 10% fortified (sample C), but declined at 15% substitution (sample D) to 1.69. Similarly, NPR values increased from 0.71 to 0.76 and 0.68. However, all the PER values including that of Nestle Cerelac (2.04) were lower than, though within the same range, with the value of 2.10 recommended by the Protein Advisory Group (PAG) for complementary foods. Sample C (10% Moringa flour blend) gave the best performance after rat feeding trials.

Biosorption of Ni(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution using modified Aloe barbadensis Miller leaf powder

This study aimed to investigate the biosorption potential of Na2CO3-modified Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) leaf (MABL) powder for removal of Ni(II) ions from a synthetic aqueous solution. Effects of various process parameters (pH, equilibrium time, and temperature) were investigated in order to optimize the biosorptive removal. The maximum biosorption capacity of MABL was observed to be 28.986 mg/g at a temperature of 303 K, a biosorbent dose of 0.6 g, a contact time of 90 min, and a pH value of 7. Different kinetic models (the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models) were evaluated. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to be the best fitted model in this study, with a coefficient of determination of R^2 =0.974. Five different isotherm models (the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) models) were investigated to identify the best-suited isotherm model for the present system. Based on the minimum chi-square value (X^2 =0.027) and the maximum coefficient of determination (R^2 =0.996), the Langmuir isotherm model was found to represent the system well, indicating the possibility of monolayer biosorption. The sticking probability (S*) was found to be 0.41, suggesting a physisorption mechanism for biosorption of Ni(II) on MABL. The biosorbent was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential, and BET surface area, in order to understand its morphological and functional characteristics.

Konjac-mulberry leaf compound powder alleviates OVA-induced allergic rhinitis in BALB/c mice

According to the proportion of 1:1, konjac flour and mulberry leaf powder are compounded into a kind of dietary fiber source(KMCP). It is found to be good for anti-inflammation. However, its precise anti-allergic rhinitis effect and mechanism remain unknown. In our work, the effect of KMCP on allergic rhinitis(AR)induced by ovalbumin(OVA)was investigated. We found that the number of nasal rubbing and sneezing, the eosinophil(EOS)count in the nasal mucosa, and the serum levels of histamine(HIS), OVA-specific immunoglobulin E(OVA-sIgE)and interleukin-4(IL-4)were decreased, and the histopathological changes of nasal mucosa were inhibited. Additionally, the experiments further proved that the KMCP treatment could exert substantial effects on short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)metabolism in the cecum as well. Overall findings suggest that KMCP could suppress the inflammatory response in AR mice, and serve as a novel curative therapeutic for AR without side effects.

Ginkgo Leaf Extract and Armillariella Mellea Powders Oral(银杏蜜环口服溶液) attenuates inflammation of microglia in habenular nucleus through CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in post stroke depression

OBJECTIVE The Ginkgo Leaf Extract and Armillariella Mellea Powders Oral(Yinxingmihuan Koufu Rongye,YXMH),a representative drug for"Treating both Brain and Heart",showed considerable clinical effects in isch⁃emic cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases.Recently,it is reported that YXMH has the potential for treating myocardial and cerebral ischemia related mental disorders,such as post stroke depression(PSD)and chronic heart disease(CHD)associated anxiety disorder.However,its mechanism has not been clearly elucidated.Meanwhile,increasing evidence revealed that there are close functional links between depression and habenular nucleus.The present study investigates the underlying mechanism of YXMH on attenuating the inflammation of microglia in habenular nucleus through CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in in a rat model of PSD.METHODS Rats were randomly devided into sham group,model group,Ginaton group(18 mg·kg^-1),Armillariella Mellea group(600 mg·kg-1),Fluoxetine group(10 mg·kg^-1),YXMH high-dose group(618 mg·kg^-1)and YXMH low-dose group(309 mg·kg^-1).The PSD model was induced by transarterial microembolization combined with sleep deprivation(2-Chloro-D-phenylalanine,PCPA,IH,200 mg·kg^-1,for 3 times,before the behavior test)in SD male rats.Then rats were treated with corresponding medicaments through gavage once a day until 3 weeks later,followed by body mass measurement,neurological deficit score evaluation,gripping strength and thermal withdrawl latency measurement,as well as depression related behavioral indicators,the open field test(OFT)and sucrose preference test.The pathological morphological changes of habenular nucleus was observed by HE staining,the expression of IBA-1 was measured and analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining,and alterations of proteins and genes related to the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis were analyzed using Western blotting(CX3CL1,CX3CR1)and real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)(CX3CL1,CX3CR1).RESULTS Compared with the sham group,rats in the model group manifested as decreased body mass,deficient neurological behavior and gripping strength,reduced loco⁃motor activity and sugar water consumption,as well as elevated thermal withdrawl latency(P<0.05,P<0.01).Mean⁃while,the pathological morphology of the habenular nucleus on the ischemic hemisphere showed significant neuronal degeneration,microglial proliferation,inflammatory cells and glia cells infiltration,together with up-regualted expression of IBA-1,CX3CL1,CX3CR1 protein and CX3CL1,CX3CR1 mRNA.YXMH attenuated inflammation of microglia in habenular nucleus through improving pathological morphology,inhibiting IBA-1 activation,down-regulating the expres⁃sion of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 proteins and genes,and thus improved the behavior performance of ischemic injury and depression.CONCLUSION YXMH ameliorates neurological deficit and depressive behavior in rat model of PSD induced by transarterial microembolization combined with sleep deprivation,and the mechanism is probably related to attenu⁃ating inflammation of microglia in habenular nucleus through CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis.

桑叶粉及桑叶提取物的功效和应用现状

桑叶为药食同源性食品,具有多种药理作用。近年来,随着人们对健康饮食需求的不断增加,桑叶粉及桑叶提取物作为一种新型的保健食品,在食品药品加工中的应用越来越广泛。通过文献综述和案例分析,介绍了桑叶粉及桑叶提取物的加工工艺、营养价值、功能特点和在食品药品加工中的应用现状及研究进展,展望了桑叶粉及桑叶提取物的未来发展方向,以期为进一步推动桑叶产业的发展,促进其在食品药品加工中的应用提供参考。

不同比例桑枝叶粉复合饲料对肉鸡血液生化指标及胆固醇含量的影响

桑树是在我国广泛栽种且兼具药食两用价值的木本植物,其营养丰富产量又高。随着机械化栽培生产技术升级和应用推广,桑多元化应用前景十分广阔。为探究机械化收获的杂交桑枝叶粉制备复合饲料对肉鸡生产的影响,在等氮等能的基础上,按基础日粮含0%(对照组)、2%(低剂量组)、4%(中剂量组)、6%(高剂量组)的不同比例配制桑枝叶粉复合饲料,经连续8周的饲养观察,测定肉鸡生长性能、血液理化指标,分析与脂质代谢相关基因的表达特征。结果显示,与对照组相比,桑枝叶粉复合饲料组鸡生长状态、觅食表现和增重无明显变化,但肉鸡的血清总蛋白含量、抗氧化能力、淋巴细胞增殖活性和血清溶菌酶活性显著升高;同时,桑枝叶粉饲养组肉鸡的血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性、尿素氮(UREA)含量和胆固醇含量降低,其中4%桑枝叶粉复合饲料组表现尤为明显。经定量PCR检测表明,内源性胆固醇含量的变化可能与HMGCR、SREBP-2等蛋白基因水平的表达受到抑制,以及LDLR外运蛋白基因的表达量增加有关。综上所述,桑枝叶粉可改善肉鸡体内的物质代谢,提高肝肾及抗氧化和免疫保护功能,促进胆固醇脂质代谢,具有较好的市场应用潜力。

霜桑叶粉杂粮面条配方优化及其低GI验证

为改善面条的品质和降低血糖生成指数(glycemic index, GI),研究将霜桑叶粉、魔芋精粉和燕麦粉与小麦面粉搭配制作面条,通过单因素试验并结合L9(33)正交试验,以面条蒸煮特征和感官品质为评价标准,优化出霜桑叶粉杂粮面条配方并分析血糖生成指数。结果表明,适量添加霜桑叶粉、魔芋精粉和燕麦粉均能显著改善霜桑叶粉杂粮面条品质,三种成分的最佳添加质量分数分别为6%、10%和15%;燕麦粉对面条感官具有极显著影响,霜桑叶粉和魔芋精粉对面条感官具有显著影响,其影响顺序为:燕麦粉>霜桑叶粉>魔芋精粉。以该配方制作的霜桑叶粉杂粮面条感官评价均分达85.75,且能显著降低人体血糖浓度,GI值为46.08(低GI食品的标准是GI≤55),是一款低GI面制品。此项研究为桑叶的综合利用和低GI食品的研发提供技术支持。

基于低场核磁共振的烤烟烟叶石油醚提取物含量检测方法

针对当前传统索氏提取法在烤烟烟叶石油醚提取物含量检测上存在的检测速度慢、操作繁琐、溶剂污染等问题,采用低场核磁共振法检测烟叶中石油醚提取物含量,优化烘干时间、样品质量、回波时间、重复扫描次数等参数,验证最优参数下检测方法的重复性和精密度,并与传统索氏提取法的检测结果进行对比。结果表明:将过40目筛的3.0 g烟叶粉末置于80℃烘干4 h,在回波时间0.25 ms和重复扫描次数8次的条件下进行石油醚提取物含量检测,检测结果良好,标准曲线R2达到0.99981,重复性的相对标准差为1.45%~2.99%,日内、日间精密度分别为2.61%、1.10%。低场核磁共振法与索氏提取法的石油醚提取物含量检测结果间的相关系数达0.99855,绝对误差为0.02%~0.35%,相对误差为0.26%~3.69%。相较于传统索氏提取法,低场核磁共振方法简单、快速、准确,且无溶剂污染,适用于大批量烟叶石油醚提取物的准确定量。

金银花茎叶粉对宁都黄鸡生长性能、免疫功能、抗氧化能力及肠道健康的影响

本试验旨在研究金银花茎叶粉对宁都黄鸡生长性能、免疫功能、抗氧化能力及肠道健康的影响。将360只36日龄宁都黄鸡母鸡随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。5组分别是基础饲粮组(CON组)、基础饲粮中添加150 mg/kg金霉素组(ANT组)以及基础饲粮中分别添加1%、2%和3%金银花茎叶粉的试验组(HO1组、HO2组、HO3组)。试验期28 d。结果显示:1)与CON组和ANT组相比,HO1组、HO2组和HO3组宁都黄鸡63日龄体重、平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)与CON组相比,HO2组和HO3组宁都黄鸡血清中二胺氧化酶(DAO)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与CON组相比,HO1组、HO2组和HO3组血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05),HO1组和HO2组血清中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05)。4)与CON组和ANT组相比,HO1组、HO2组和HO3组宁都黄鸡空肠绒毛高度(VH)均显著升高(P<0.05);与CON组相比,HO2组和HO3组空肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度比值(VH/CD)显著升高(P<0.05)。5)与CON组相比,ANT组、HO1组、HO2组和HO3组盲肠菌群中酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)和普雷沃氏菌科_UCG-001(Prevotellaceae_UCG-001)的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),HO2组和HO3组盲肠菌群中黏螺旋菌属(Mucispirillum)的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05)。与CON组和ANT组相比,HO1组、HO2组和HO3组盲肠菌群中脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota)的相对丰度以及HO2组、HO3组盲肠菌群中脱铁杆菌门(Deferribacterota)的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加1%~3%的金银花茎叶粉虽无显著的促生长效果,但能够提高宁都黄鸡的抗氧化能力和免疫功能,改善小肠形态结构和盲肠菌群组成,其适宜添加量为2%。

新型无叶粉垄刀具仿真设计研究

针对粉垄刀具作业功耗和切削阻力大及耕后表层土块大的问题,设计了一种新型无叶(螺旋叶片)刀具,采用SPH法建立3种线型新无叶刀具作业系统仿真模型,进行作业性能对比分析,优选一种线型新刀具,并与原刀具进行对比,且对优选新型无叶刀具作业过程进行分析。研究结果表明:与原粉垄刀具相比,新刀具功耗减少了8.4%,表层土壤破碎度减小了43.3%;新刀具作业后土壤表层破碎度较高,主要是由于新刀具耙齿切出细长条的土块后,土块可受到上层外部刀片和相邻刀具的上层外部刀片交错切削;刀具的切削阻力受外部刀片数量和分布、耙齿的宽度及底刀的结构等因素影响较大。研究结果可为粉垄刀具减阻优化提供理论依据。

饲粮中添加鲜木豆叶粉对育肥猪生长发育的影响

试验旨在探究鲜木豆叶粉对育肥猪生长性能、养殖经济效益、屠宰性能、肉品质及肠道微生物的影响。选取24头同批次健康、体重相近的海南黑猪,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组(A组)育肥猪饲喂基础饲粮,试验B组、C组和D组分别在基础饲粮中添加10%、15%和20%鲜木豆叶粉。预试期7 d,正式试验期270 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,各试验组育肥猪的平均日采食量均显著下降(P<0.05),试验D组育肥猪的平均日增重和末重显著下降(P<0.05)。试验C组养殖利润分别比对照组、试验B组和试验D组增加6.36%、5.68%和9.99%。与对照组相比,各试验组育肥猪的背膘厚度均显著降低(P<0.05),肉色评分均显著升高(P<0.05);试验B组和C组猪肉的pH24 h值显著升高(P<0.05);各试验组背最长肌的总氨基酸、总必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量显著升高(P<0.05);试验C组和D组饱和脂肪酸含量显著降低(P<0.05),单不饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量显著升高(P<0.05);试验D组多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著升高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验B组拟杆菌门相对丰度增大(P<0.05),试验B组和C组变形菌门相对丰度降低(P<0.05);各试验组大肠杆菌志贺氏属相对丰度降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲粮中添加鲜木豆叶粉可改善育肥猪屠宰性能、肉品质和风味,优化肠道微生物结构,减少脂肪沉积和有害菌相对丰度,以添加15%鲜木豆叶粉效果最优。

甘薯叶粉添加量对面包品质、抗氧化性及淀粉消化性的影响

以不同添加量甘薯叶粉面包为研究对象,通过面包基本指标的测定以及感官评定研究甘薯叶粉对面包品质的影响,并通过体外实验来分析甘薯叶粉对面包的抗氧化和体外消化特性的影响。结果表明,与对照面包相比,甘薯叶面包的比容下降、水分含量增加、色泽变暗。添加量为0.5%和1%时,面包的质构特性无显著差异,感官评价总分高于对照面包。且随着甘薯叶粉添加量的增加,面包的总酚含量(0.67~3.10 mg GAE/g)、DPPH自由基清除能力(24.15%~67.47%)和抗性淀粉相对含量(6.48%~27.47%)显著增大。综上,添加甘薯叶粉,可以提高面包的抗氧化性及抗消化性,研究结果为甘薯叶在面包类焙烤食品中的应用提供了参考依据。

利用套算法和强饲法评定籽粒苋茎叶粉肉鸡表观代谢能

本试验旨在利用套算法和强饲法评定籽粒苋茎叶粉肉鸡表观代谢能(AME)。套算法试验选用1日龄健康的罗斯308白羽肉鸡144只,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡。代谢试验分为2个阶段:19~21日龄和40~42日龄。代谢试验期间,对照组100%饲喂基础饲粮,30%替代组饲喂70%基础饲粮+30%籽粒苋茎叶粉,50%替代组饲喂50%基础饲粮+50%籽粒苋茎叶粉。分别用全收粪法和指示剂法测定籽粒苋茎叶粉AME。强饲法试验选用42日龄健康的罗斯308白羽肉鸡10只,随机分为5个重复,每个重复2只鸡。试验鸡强饲籽粒苋茎叶粉,按照48 h排空-强饲-48 h收集排泄物的程序进行。结果表明:1)对比不同方法测定的籽粒苋茎叶粉AME发现,强饲法测定的籽粒苋茎叶粉AME显著低于套算法(P<0.05),全收粪法和指示剂法测定的籽粒苋茎叶粉AME无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)套算法中30%替代比例与50%替代比例测定的籽粒苋茎叶粉AME无显著差异(P>0.05),但30%替代比例测定的籽粒苋茎叶粉AME高于50%替代比例。由此可知,本试验条件下,建议使用套算法中的指示剂法测定籽粒苋茎叶粉肉鸡AME,适宜替代比例为30%,在此条件下测得19~21日龄肉鸡籽粒苋茎叶粉AME为3.65 MJ/kg,40~42日龄肉鸡籽粒苋茎叶粉AME为3.77 MJ/kg。

日粮添加杜仲叶粉对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清抗氧化指标和免疫功能的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加杜仲叶粉对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清抗氧化指标和免疫功能的影响。试验选择体重相近[(6.71±0.15)kg]、体况良好的24日龄断奶仔猪320头,随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每重复10头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别向基础日粮中添加300、600和900 mg/kg的杜仲叶粉。试验共41 d(其中预饲期6 d,正试期35 d)。试验结果表明,随杜仲叶粉添加量的提高,断奶仔猪平均日增重和终末体重显著提高(P <0.05),料重比显著降低(P <0.05),600和900 mg/kg处理组仔猪的生长性能最佳,显著优于0和300 mg/kg组;此外,日粮添加杜仲叶粉对断奶仔猪平均日采食量无显著影响(P> 0.05)。日粮添加杜仲叶粉对断奶仔猪肝脏指数、肾脏指数、脾脏指数和腹股沟淋巴结指数均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。日粮添加600和900 mg/kg杜仲叶粉可显著提高断奶仔猪血清免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM和IgG含量(P <0.05);日粮添加600和900 mg/kg杜仲叶粉可显著提高断奶仔猪血清GPX活性(P <0.05);日粮添加杜仲叶粉可显著提高断奶仔猪血清T-SOD和Cu-Zn SOD活性(P <0.05),此外,日粮添加杜仲叶粉对断奶仔猪血清CAT活性无显著影响(P> 0.05)。总之,本试验结果表明,日粮添加杜仲叶粉可以提高断奶仔猪生长性能,改善机体血清抗氧化指标和免疫功能,在本试验条件下,断奶仔猪日粮杜仲叶粉最适添加量为600 mg/kg。

不同干燥温度对桑叶粉品质及其面条质构特性的影响

为研究干燥温度对桑叶粉品质及其面条质构特性的影响,以新鲜桑叶为原料,分析了在不同热风干燥温度(40、50、60、70、80℃)下桑叶粉中总酚和总黄酮含量、抗氧化能力、色泽以及桑叶面条质构特性的变化规律。结果表明,当烘干温度为40℃时,桑叶粉中总酚、总黄酮含量以及抗氧化活性最高,产品色泽以及面条质构最佳,随着烘干温度升高,桑叶粉品质及其面条质构特性均呈下降趋势,研究结果为桑叶粉制备及桑叶面加工提供理论基础。

银杏蜜环口服溶液治疗冠心病合并抑郁的临床效果及对免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨银杏蜜环口服溶液治疗冠心病合并抑郁的临床效果及对免疫功能的影响。方法 选取2019年7月至2023年7月金华市中医医院和慈溪市第七人民医院收治的冠心病合并抑郁患者124例,随机将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各62例。对照组患者采用常规方案治疗,观察组患者在此基础上增加银杏蜜环口服溶液治疗。经8周治疗后,比较两组患者的炎症因子、免疫功能、生活质量及抑郁评分。结果 治疗后,两组患者的C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(interleukin-8,IL-8)、CD8^(+)水平均显著低于本组治疗前,CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均显著高于本组治疗前(P<0.05);观察组患者的CRP、TNF-α、IL-8、CD8^(+)水平均显著低于对照组,CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的西雅图心绞痛量表(Seattle angina questionnair,SAQ)各维度评分均显著高于本组治疗前(P<0.05),观察组患者的SAQ各维度评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者的汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分显著低于对照组[(9.26±1.58)分vs.(12.87±1.89)分,t=11.538,P<0.001]。结论 银杏蜜环口服溶液可抑制冠心病合并抑郁患者的炎症反应并改善其抑郁症状,提高患者的免疫功能和生活质量。