Reading Levels of Leaflets of Common Over-the-Counter Drugs in Ghana

Health communication is critical component of effective health delivery. While there are studies on the readability Patient Information Leaflets (PILs) around the world, so far, there is only one Ghanaian study that explored the language of patient information leaflets for malaria. The present study explores the language of PILs of seven common ailments in Ghana. In all, 68 leaflets were purposely sampled for the study. Using SMOG and Flesch Kincaid grade level readability formulae, the researcher measured the readability of PILs and discovered that the readability of all the PILs was difficult to read except the dewormer leaflets that scored standard reading score. Further statistical analysis reveal that the lexical and syntactic complexity of the leaflets were not statistically different. Finally, an interview with 20 patients confirmed that the leaflets are difficult to read due to the complex words and long sentence structures. It is recommended that the PILs be revised to make the leaflets readable.

Angle of Attack between Blood Flow and Mitral Valve Leaflets in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: An In Vivo Multipatient CT-based FSI Study

The mechanisms of systolic anterior motion(SAM)of the mitral valve in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy(HOCM)remain unclear.To investigate the angle of attack between blood flow and mitral valve leaflets at pre-SAM time point,patient-specific CT-based computational models were constructed for 5 patients receiving septal myectomy surgery to obtain pre-and post-operative 2D vector flow mapping.The comparisons between pre-and post-operative angles of attack based on 2D vector flow mapping of 5 patients were performed.It was found that there was no statistically significant difference between pre-and post-operative angles of attack(61.1±t wa o vs.56.2±56.o,p=0.306,n=5).Therefore,we propose that the angle of attack might not play an important role in the initiation of SAM.

Ciprofloxacin adsorption from aqueous solution onto chemically prepared carbon from date palm leaflets

A chemically prepared carbon was synthesized from date palm leaflets via sulphuric acid carbonization at 160℃. Adsorption of ciprofloxacin （CIP） from aqueous solution was investigated in terms of time, pH, concentration, temperature and adsorbent status （wet and dry）. The equilibrium time was found to be 48 hr. The adsorption rate was enhanced by raising the temperature for both adsorbents, with adsorption data fitting a pseudo second-order model well. The activation energy, Ea, was found to be 17 kJ/mol, indicating a diffusion-controlled, physical adsorption process. The maximum adsorption was found at initial pH 6. The wet adsorbent showed faster removal with higher uptake than the dry adsorbent, with increased performance as temperature increased （25--45℃）. The equilibrium data were found to fit the Langmuir model better than the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorption mechanism is mainly related to cation exchange and hydrogen bonding.

Development of a Web-Based GIS of Flood Zones in the Municipality of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso

This document describes the creation of an informative Web GIS aimed at mitigating the impacts of flooding in the municipality of Ouagadougou, in Burkina Faso, a region that is highly sensitive to climate change. Burkina Faso, which is undergoing rapid urbanization, faces major natural threats, particularly flooding, as demonstrated by the severe floods of 2009 that caused loss of life, injury, structural damage and economic losses in Ouagadougou. The aim of this research is to develop a web map highlighting the municipality’s flood-prone areas, with a view to informing and raising awareness of flood risk reduction. Using the Leaflet JavaScript mapping library, the study uses HTML, CSS and JavaScript to implement web mapping technology. Data on Ouagadougou’s flood zones is generated by a multi-criteria analysis combining Saaty’s AHP method and GIS in QGIS, integrating seven (7) parameters including hydrography, altitude, slope, rainfall, soil types, land use and soil moisture index. QGIS processes and maps the themes, PostgreSQL with PostGIS serves as the DBMS and GeoServer functions as the map server. The Web GIS platform allows users to visualize the different flood risks, from very low to very high, or the high-risk areas specific to Ouagadougou. The AHP calculations classify the municipality into five flood vulnerability zones: very low (24.48%), low (27.93%), medium (23.01%), high (17.11%) and very high (7.47%). Effective risk management requires communication and awareness-raising. This online mapping application serves as a tool for communication, management and flood prevention in Ouagadougou, helping to mitigate flood-related natural disasters.

Structural and biomechanical characterizations of acellular porcine mitral valve scaffolds:anterior leaflets,posterior leaflets,and chordae tendineae

Mitral valve(MV)tissue engineering is still in its early stage,and one major challenge in MV tissue engineering is to identify appropriate scaffold materials.With the potential of acellular MV scaffolds being demonstrated recently,it is important to have a full understanding of the biomechanics of the native MV components and their acellular scaffolds.In this study,we have successfully characterized the structural and mechanical properties of porcine MV components,including anterior leaflet(AL),posterior leaflet(PL),strut chordae,and basal chordae,before and after decellularization.Quantitative DNA assay showed more than 90%reduction in DNA content,and Griffonia simplicifolia(GS)lectin immunohistochemistry confirmed the complete lack of porcine𝛼-Gal antigen in the acellular MV components.In the acellular AL and PL,the atrialis,spongiosa,and fibrosa trilayered structure,along with its ECM constitutes,i.e.,collagen fibers,elastin fibers,and portion of GAGs,were preserved.Never-theless,the ECM of both AL and PL experienced a certain degree of disruption,exhibiting a less dense,porous ECM morphology.The overall anatomical morphology of the strut and basal chordae were also maintained af-ter decellularization,with longitudinal morphology experiencing minimum disruption,but the cross-sectional morphology exhibiting evenly-distributed porous structure.In the acellular AL and PL,the nonlinear anisotropic biaxial mechanical behavior was overall preserved;however,uniaxial tensile tests showed that the removal of cellular content and the disruption of structural ECM did result in small decreases in maximum tensile modulus,tissue extensibility,failure stress,and failure strain for both MV leaflets and chordae.

基于React框架的矿区电子围栏人员管理系统设计与实现

随着采矿企业对安全生产问题的重视程度不断提高,围绕矿区作业人员的安全管理逐渐由传统依靠人工的粗放管理方式逐渐向信息化、精细化及智能化方向升级,电子围栏是实现人员信息化管理的重要手段。文章结合矿区人员管理工作的特点,利用React及leaflets等技术,设计并实现了电子围栏人员管理系统。

Early in vivo experience with tissue-engineered heart valve leaflets from autologous bone marrow-derived cells

Background Currently used heart valve prostheses are associated with anticoagulation complications or limited durability. The advancement of stem cell study and tissue-engineered heart valve research may offer a relatively ideal solution to these problems. Methods Bone marrow was aspirated from sternum of lamb goats to isolate BMCs. Cells were identified by flow cytometry and its capacity of differentiation. Cellular viability was assessed with Rhdomine 123 staining. 1 × 10^7cells were seeded on a patch of PGA sheet. After two-day in vitro culture, autologous cell/ scaffold sheets were used to replace the right posterior pulmonary valve leaflets under cardiopulmonary bypass. The leaflets were explanted at 2 days, 2, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after implantation. The samples were examined macroscopically, histologically, immunohistochemically, and by Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）. Two goats were implanted with acellular sheets and established as a control group. Results BMCs exhibited fibroblastoid morphology with good viability. Flow cytometry showed negative CD14 and CD45 expression. In vitro cultured BMCs demonstrated the potential to differentiate into adipocytes. The explanted leaflets resembled the characteristics of native extracellular matrix was leaflets macroscopicaIly in the cellular group. Histology showed synthesized and cells were distributed in the single-layered leaflets.Immunohistochemistry revealed positive staining for yon Willebrand factor, α-SMA, vimentin. A confluent cell surface was formed on the explanted TEHLs. No calcium deposited on the leaflets. In control group, the acellular scaffolds were completely degraded, without leaflet remained at 8 weeks. Conclusions It is possible to create tissue-engineered heart valves in vivo using autologous bone marrow-derived cells.

基于Leaflet与Vue的台风风暴潮预报可视化系统组件化设计与实现

分析了海洋动力过程常用的可视化分析方法,并对台风风暴潮预报业务进行了开源WebGIS引擎的对比与选型。为了满足台风风暴潮预报可视化的多元化和轻量化需求,采用了Leaflet作为WebGIS框架引擎,基于组件化开发思想,阐述了采用Leaflet与Vue的组件化页面设计及相应实现方法。此方法可以描述台风风暴潮预报可视化系统的总体交互逻辑与可视化效果。

Trilayer anisotropic structure versus randomly oriented structure in heart valve leaflet tissue engineering

It has been hypothesized that leaflet substrates with a trilayer structure and anisotropicmechanical properties could be useful for the production of functional and long-lasting tissue-engineered leaflets.To investigate the influence of the anisotropic structural and mechanical characteristics of a substrate on cells,in this study,we electrospun trilayer anisotropic fibrous substrates and randomly oriented isotropic fibrous substrates(used as controls)from polycaprolactone polymers.Consequently,the random substrates had higher radial and lower circumferential tensile properties than the trilayer substrates;however,they had similar flexural properties.Porcine valvular interstitial cells cultured on both substrates produced random and trilayer cell-cultured constructs,respectively.The trilayer cell-cultured constructs had more anisotropic mechanical properties,17%higher cellular proliferation,14%more extracellular matrix(i.e.,collagen and glycosaminoglycan)production,and superior gene and protein expression,suggesting that more cells were in a growth state in the trilayer constructs than in the random constructs.Furthermore,the random and radial layers of the trilayer constructs had more vimentin,collagen,transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-ß1),transforming growth factor-beta 3(TGF-ß3)gene expression than in the circumferential layer of the constructs.This study verifies that the differences in structural,tensile,and anisotropic properties of the trilayer and random substrates influence the characteristics of the cells and ECM in the constructs.

基于Electron和Leaflet技术的设计外业采集系统视频巡游相关技术研究及应用

本文以合川十塘至大石高速公路项目设计外业为工程背景,建立基于Electron和Leaflet技术的视频巡游平台,实现无人机采集成果与设计路线方案的结合。本项目使用大疆御MAVIC PRO无人机在规划的工程项目设计路线沿线进行航飞拍摄,形成高分辨率的影像资料;视频巡游平台在本地导入影像资料,集成、分析飞行轨迹;同时集成GIS底图、设计路线、高程和工点等项目相关地理环境和设计信息;通过提供三种巡游组合视图实现设计外业采集相关的全要素信息巡游展示。

基于HBase和Hive的航班延误平台的存储方法

针对我国目前航班延误平台的移植难、可扩展性差,无法适应民航高速发展所带来的大数据量存储的现状,设计了面向大数据的跨平台、高适用性与高扩展性的航班延误平台。该平台以大数据工具Leaf Let为可视化载体,在地图界面实时显示航班轨迹并将轨迹数据加载至HBase数据库中,并且利用信息摘要算法(MD5)重新设计与优化航班数据表的行键,以解决其递增的飞行时间特性产生的"热点"问题;针对HBase过滤器多级查询的缺陷,提出了基于Solr Cloud的关联查询算法,利用Solr Cloud实现对行键与索引字段的分层存储,从而实现HBase二级快速索引;最后在HBase的历史航班数据与飞行计划数据基础上,构建基于Hive的海量航班信息数据仓库。实验结果显示,航班延误大数据平台的可扩展性与搭建的航班信息数据仓库可以满足民航对数据集中统一存储的需求,而多条件查询的响应速度与无二级索引的集群相比提高了上百倍,并且这种优势随着航班数据量的增长愈发明显。

基于Geoserver和Leaflet的地理信息服务构建与调用

GIS是地理信息服务的有效工具和手段。本文基于开源GIS软件Geoserver和Leaflet,首先,介绍了它们的特点和优势,阐述了地理信息服务的规范;然后,提出了构建与调用地理信息服务的体系框架,研究了服务构建和调用等关键技术;最后,基于烟台市地图数据进行实验,取得了满意的效果。

基于Leaflet和Web服务的移动端矢量瓦片显示系统

基于Lea?et在线地图开源类库,设计了一种基于HTML5标准中Canvas标签的矢量瓦片显示方法。前端通过Ajax异步请求访问后台Web服务,后台服务对数据库中的空间数据进行空间和属性查询,并以GeoJSON的格式返回到前端进行绘制,从而实现移动端在线地图中矢量数据的高效显示。

基于Leaflet开源JS类库的在线图形编辑

为满足上海市城市建设档案馆对于在线图形编辑的业务需求,开发了基于Leaflet的WebGIS应用。重点介绍了Leaflet的特性及其对HTML5的支持,搭建了不依赖任何第三方插件的WebGIS应用,增强了部署的便捷性和对不同平台的适应性。

基于Leaflet和Echarts的大众美食数据可视化系统实现——以高邮市为例

Leaflet是一个开源的轻量级JavaScript地图库,而ECharts是一个开源的可视化图标组件。本文基于天地图,提出了将Leaflet和Echarts运用到大众美食数据可视化系统构建中的方法,阐述了数据获取加工流程、相关技术、开发方法、功能模块及系统运行效果。系统实现了地图浏览、地图操作、搜索定位、热力图、统计图等功能,具有轻便、界面友好、易操作、跨平台等优势,为公众全面了解高邮市美食数据提供了一站式服务,有效地提高了用户对于数据的视觉感知。

基于Leaflet的跨平台管线数据采集解决方法

城市快速发展促使地下管网规模不断扩大,对管网快速信息化提出了新要求。面向移动智能终端的普及和多样,基于Leaflet开源JavaScript地图库,结合HTML5技术设计并实现跨平台的管线数据采集系统。系统包含GPS位置获取模块、自动成图模块和拓扑编辑模块。该系统整体架构基于B/S模式,数据库采用MongoDB,具有良好的跨平台特性,实现了管线的快速绘制并自动建立网络连通关系。

WEBGIS的多边形切割的实现

根据开发人员对多边形进行空间操作的需求,研究在开源Leaflet的Javascript库的基础上实现WEBGIS前端的多边形切割功能。给WEBGIS管理平台提供实时在线动态切割和动态显示,避免后台切割以及软件预处理的不必要麻烦。

基于Leaflet的地图服务与街景的融合表达方法

以360°街景地图为空间载体,通过Leaflet库实现矢量地图服务的服务解析,再对解析数据进行三维坐标变换及格网划分分片加载,实现将矢量地图服务转换到360°街景地图空间,并解决加载效率问题;最后按照数据类型以相应的绘制方式在360°街景空间中进行表达。该融合表达方法的研究,解决了矢量地图服务与360°街景割裂表达的问题,为统一360°街景地图与传统二维地图的功能应用提供了参考。

长江经济带(江苏段)时空大数据平台的设计与实现

推动长江经济带发展是国家一项重大区域发展战略。充分利用了测绘部门提供的高分辨率航空影像数据、基础地形数据,结合江苏省第一次地理国情普查和监测的数据成果和生态环境专题数据,自上而下采用了基础设施层、数据层、服务层、应用层的四层架构设计了长江经济带(江苏段)时空大数据平台的体系结构,并利用Vue技术构建了平台的前端用户界面,利用leaflet技术开发了平台的地图引擎,使用矢量瓦片技术加快了平台地图的响应速度,提升了用户体验,最终完成了平台的开发工作,对长江经济带(江苏段)的生态环境进行全面、科学的展示和分析。

基于矢量瓦片技术的Web电子海图优化方法

传统的基于栅格瓦片技术生产的Web电子海图虽解决了跨浏览器显示的问题,但其显示速度、渲染效果及交互能力仍无法满足现在用户的需求。为了实现Web电子海图的大规模应用,针对栅格瓦片技术支持的下电子海图中存在的缺陷,提出基于开源地图服器Geoserver与地图可视化JS库Leaflet的矢量瓦片技术优化方案,包括海图数据预处理、矢量切片的制作、矢量瓦片数据多样式显示及矢量瓦片数据要素查询等,通过在实验室海洋信息展示平台中的验证与测试,实现了矢量电子海图数据在Web页面上的多样式灵活显示及交互功能,证实了优化方案的可行性及高效性,整体提升了Web海图服务的效率。