Single crystal metal-organic framework constructed by vertically self-pillared nanosheets and its derivative for oriented lithium plating

This vertically self‐pillared(VSP)structure extends the application range of traditional porous materials with facile mass/ion transport and enhanced reaction kinetics.Here,we prepare a single crystal metal‐organic framework(MOF),employing the ZIF‐67 structure as a proof of concept,which is constructed by vertically self‐pillared nanosheets(VSP‐MOF).We further converted VSP‐MOF into VSP‐cobalt sulfide(VSP‐CoS2)through a sulfidation process.Catalysis plays an important role in almost all battery technologies;for metallic batteries,lithium anodes exhibit a high theoretical specific capacity,low density,and low redox potential.However,during the half‐cell reaction(Li++e=Li),uncontrolled dendritic Li penetrates the separator and solid electrolyte interphase layer.When employed as a composite scaffold for lithium metal deposition,there are many advantage to using this framework:1)the VSP‐CoS2 substrate provides a high specific surface area to dissipate the ion flux and mass transfer and acts as a pre‐catalyst,2)the catalytic Co center favors the charge transfer process and preferentially binds the Li+with the enhanced electrical fields,and 3)the VSP structure guides the metallic propagation along the nanosheet 2D orientation without the protrusive dendrites.All these features enable the VSP structure in metallic batteries with encouraging performances.

The Value Orientation of the Legal System Innovation in Rural Financial Organizations in China

The process of new-type urbanization in China has changed the rural financial demand pattern,for which the peasant household is the subject,and caused its financial demand to change and increase at the same time. As the subject of the rural financial supply, rural financial organizations have to accelerate their institutional innovation and innovation of financial products and services,only through which can they break the financial bottleneck in the process of urbanization. Legislation is the only route for the rural financial organizational system construction and perfection in China. The formation of legal system of rural financial organizations is influenced by factors such as politics,economy and system,as well as the real demand of the rural financial subject,so the value orientation takes on a paradoxical movement of coexistence,competition and integration,which is in great need of more value consensus through system practice and enhancement of management concept for rural financial organizations.

Virtual Organization Information Systems and its Reengineering for Agile Manufacturing

It is now possible to organize globally while worki ng locally: Information technologies like e-mail, the Internet, and video confere ncing to the desktop permit tight coordination of geographically dispersed worke rs across time zones and cultures. Companies are not limited to physical locatio ns for providing products and services. Networked information systems are allowi ng companies to coordinate their geographically distributed capabilities as virt ual organizations. In order for organizations to succeed, they must be able to r espond with agility in a geographically dispersed environment. The core for a vi rtual organization to increase the utilization rate of resources to the maxi mum and to make full use of the transient market opportunities lies in how to br ing the potential of information technology into play. Based on the philosophy o f agile manufacturing, this paper analyses the basic concepts and connotation of Virtual Organization Information systems(VOIS). VOIS is an information system composed of some independent information subsystems that are autonomous, collab orative and belong to umpty organizations respectively. VOIS support the operati on of virtual organization, and automate the information flow across organizatio nal boundaries. Such systems have capabilities as rapid construction, quick oper ation, and agile reengineering and swift adaptability. Differences between VOIS and traditional enterprise information systems are analyzed. On the basis of ana lyzing the structure of VOIS, an abstract hierarchical structure of VOIS is prop osed using object-oriented method. Reengineering ideology and methods of VOIS a re also explored in light of the three layers structure.

CA-PLAN, a Service-Oriented Workflow

Workflow management systems (WfMSs) are accepted worldwide due to their ability to model and control business processes. Previously, we defined an intra-organizational workflow specification model, Process LANguage (PLAN). PLAN, with associated tools, allowed a user to describe a graph specification for processes, artifacts, and participants in an organization. PLAN has been successfully implemented in Agentflow to support workflow (Agentflow) applications. PLAN, and most current WfMSs are designed to adopt a centralized architecture so that they can be applied to a single organization. However, in such a structure, participants in Agentflow applications in different organizations cannot serve each other with workflows. In this paper, a service-oriented cooperative workflow model, Cooperative Agentflow Process LANguage (CA-PLAN) is presented. CA-PLAN proposes a workflow component model to model inter-organizational processes. In CA-PLAN, an inter-organizational process is partitioned into several intra-organizational processes. Each workflow system inside an organization is modeled as an Integrated Workflow Component (IWC). Each IWC contains a process service interface, specifying process services provided by an organization, in conjunction with a remote process interface specifying what remote processes are used to refer to remote process services provided by other organizations, and intra-organizational processes. An IWC is a workflow node and participant. An inter-organizational process is made up of connections among these process services and remote processes with respect to different IWCs. In this paper, the related service techniques and supporting tools provided in Agentflow systems are presented.

Relative Molecular Orientations in Organic Optoelectronic Films Probed via Polarization-Selected UV/IR Mixed Frequency Ultrafast Spectroscopy

Molecular packing patterns are crucial factors determining electron/energy transfer processes that are critical for the optoelectronic properties of organic thin film devices.Herein,the polarization-selective ultraviolet/infrared(UV/IR)mixed frequency ultrafast spectroscopy is applied to investigate the relative molecular orientations in two organic thin films of 7-(diethylamino)coumarin-3-carboxylic acid(DEAC)and perylene.The signal anisotropy changes caused by intermolecular energy/electron transfers are utilized to calculate the cross angles between the electronic transition dipole moment of the donor and the vibrational transition dipole moments of the acceptor,yielding the relative orientation between two adjacent molecules.Using this method,the relative orientation angle in DEAC film is determined to be 53.4°,close to 60°of its single crystalline structure,and that of the perylene film is determined to be 6.2°,also close to-0.2°of its single crystalline structure.Besides experimental uncertainties,the small difference between the angles determined by this method and those of single crystals also results from the fact that the thin film samples are polycrystalline where some of the molecules are amorphous.

THE FLUX OF CHEMICAL MUTAGENS THROUGH AN EXPERIMENTAL MARINE FOOD CHAIN AND THEIR GENOTOXICITY Ⅰ. INORGANIC MUTAGEN-CADMIUM (Ⅱ)TRANSFER OF CADMIUM FROM PHAEODACTYLUM TRICORNUTUM TO PENAEUS ORIENTALIS AND TO HEXAGRAMMOS OTAKII

In order to investigate flux of cadmium,the chemicalmutagen through 3-trophic level marine food chains and the harmit might do to human health,we deviced a phytoplankton based experimental marine food chain (from Phaeodactylum tricornutumBohlin to the prawn Penaeus orientalis Kishinouye,and to thefish Hexagrammos otakii Jordan et Starks) and studied its

基于“四个面向”的高校“有组织科研”范式构建--一个单案例研究

当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局,世界各国科技竞争加剧,科技创新成为各国博弈的主战场。我国在基础研究、关键核心技术等领域正在遭受西方发达国家的围堵。高校作为基础研究主力军和重大科技突破策源地,传统科研范式在响应国家重大需求方面存在原始创新能力薄弱、科技成果转化率低、协同创新能力不足等问题。持续增大的外部压力、创新高风险与高投入使得“有组织科研”成为当前我国高校提升创新效能的重要选择,也是高校深度融入国家创新体系的重要举措。阐述“四个面向”和“有组织科研”的内涵,梳理“四个面向”与“有组织科研”、“有组织科研”与自由探索的关系,从高校传统科研范式亟待解决的问题入手,构建基于“四个面向”的高校“有组织科研”范式,对重庆大学“有组织科研”实施路径与成效进行解析,验证理论的科学性与适用性。

研究型大学校院联动有组织科研的实践与探索——以上海交通大学为例

基于上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院开展有组织科研以及和涉海单位协同开展“大海洋”行动计划专项的实践,从职能定位、管理方式、组织形式等维度探究了研究型大学校院联动有组织科研运行的机制。二级学院采用闭环全生命周期科研创新管理模式,探索形成了科研区域协同创新管理模式,并探索融入上海临港进行有组织的科研合作,为研究型大学校院联动开展有组织科研提供了最佳实践标杆案例。“大海洋”行动计划聚焦国家重大战略需求,有组织地从多学科交叉创新、创新基地建设、优势资源导入、组织机制建设等方面,以需求导向和平台化布局开展协同攻关,形成一种产学研用融通全链条生态体系科研发展模式。研究结论可为我国研究型大学校院联动开展有组织科研实践提供参考。

Organization-based agent-oriented programming： model, mechanisms, and language

An increasing number of social computational systems consist of a great amount of autonomous entities and operate in highly dynamic and unpredictable environments. To construct such systems needs to seek high-level abstrac- tion to manage the complexity of the systems and novel mechanism to support their characteristics, i.e., dynamism and flexibility. Agent-oriented programming （AOP） is con- sidered as a potential paradigm for developing such systems by exhibiting a number of characteristics, such as autonomy, flexibility, social ability, etc. However, current researches on AOP mainly focus on the construction of multi-agent system （MAS） with theory and language facilities inspired from arti- ficial intelligence （AI） and distributed AI, seldom considering and integrating the proven principles and practices of pro- gramming and software engineering. Moreover, abstractions and mechanism based on AI are inadequate for developing dynamic and flexible MAS in open environment. This paper proposes a novel AOP approach, namely Oragent, for con- structing and implementing dynamic and flexible systems. From a software engineering perspective, Oragent integrates organizational concepts and mechanism into AOP language, and support the dynamism and flexibility with explicit prim- itives. The proposed approach consists of a programming model and a corresponding programming language. This paper presents the syntax and formal operational semanticsof Oragent language, and studies a case to demonstrate our approach.

国际组织参与全球教育治理:价值、路向及特质

国际组织在全球教育治理中发挥着重要作用,对世界教育改革和发展产生了深刻影响。世界银行、经合组织、联合国教科文组织三大国际组织在参与全球教育治理进程中,其价值理念都呈现出新的转型特征,并直接影响着其参与全球教育治理的行动路向。综合分析,三大国际组织全球教育治理呈现出显著的时代特质:在治理范式上,教育知识生产功用共向彰显;在治理取向上,融合与分离中彰显独特价值;在治理生态上,价值转型与社会思潮相伴而生。

任务型党组织:地方跨界治理的整合机制——以H省N市全域党建的地方实践为例

作为治理跨界事务的创新载体,任务型党组织旨在通过党的跨域建设来强化权威整合,前提是跨域吸纳,目标是有效行动。既不同于西方“政治—行政”二分和韦伯的科层制理论,也不同于议事协调小组、领导小组等“高位推动”的运作机制,任务型党组织既强调党组织的全域覆盖,又强调党建工作内容的全覆盖,形成组织嵌入机制、合作网络机制、融合党建机制和任务认领机制四种跨界事务治理的整合机制。地方实践对这一组织模式进行了丰富探索,旨在克服体制性壁垒,打破“碎片化”效应;克服物理性壁垒,打破“边际化”效应。结合地方实践,提出“组织吸纳—权威整合—主体行动”的分析框架:通过吸纳性制度构建实现跨界吸纳,提升组织的吸纳力;通过跨域党建实现跨界整合,提升权威的整合力;通过激励赋能实现跨界协同,提升主体的行动力。

领导—员工职业定位匹配对青年新员工早期组织适应的影响研究

对于初入职场的青年员工而言,他们与领导之间可能存在多元的职业定位,“以组织为中心”和“以个人为中心”的观念发生碰撞,为他们融入集体带来了新挑战。对此,本研究基于个人—环境匹配理论,聚焦于当前青年新员工与领导的职业定位匹配情况,采用多项式回归和响应面分析方法,对235位主管领导匹配问卷数据进行实证检验,探究青年新员工早期的组织社会化机制,并验证感知深层差异的中介作用与包容型氛围的调节作用。研究发现:青年新员工在上下级职业定位不匹配的情况下,会产生较高水平的感知深层差异,难以顺利完成组织融入,早期组织适应表现较差;良好的包容型组织氛围可减轻青年新员工感知上的深层差异,并促进他们的早期组织适应。研究为理解职业定位对青年新员工早期组织适应产生影响的具体机制提供了理论基础与实践建议,启发管理者将包容型氛围作为促进青年新员工早期组织适应的重要手段。

使命导向下的有组织科研--以李政道研究所为例

在全球科技革命和产业变革加速演进的浪潮中,政府对基础研究的科研投入显著增加,促使科研活动向战略性、系统性、协同性方向演化,诞生了有组织科研这一新模式。本文聚焦使命导向下的有组织科研模式,研究其缘起、演进及面临的管理挑战,并提出开展有组织基础研究的对策建议。研究回溯了科研机构由兴趣导向转向使命导向的范式变革历程,强调了新形势下推动有组织的基础研究对于强化国家战略科技力量的重要性,并深入剖析了有组织科研面临的包括架构调整、目标制定、资源整合、考核评价和治理模式等方面的内在挑战,运用案例研究法,针对有组织科研的内在发展困境,探讨了李政道研究所在组织架构优化、科研目标凝练、大科学装置建设、人员考核激励以及多元资助体系方面的创新做法,并基于李政道研究所的有组织科研模式,总结出加强有组织基础研究的对策建议,以期有效应对有组织科研的复杂性与系统性要求。

电子生命与一般机体学——智能时代生命导向的本体论

智能时代的来临带来了一个新的问题,即智能的数字存在物是否具有与人类一样的“意识”?本文认为,人工智能的意识问题,在目前还言之过早,意识在生物学上也是一个相对高阶的产物,而在有机物发展的早期,更重要的是生命问题,我们或许更应该思考如何界定数字空间中的生命问题,即通过各种电子元件和数字代码和信号构成的数字生命。为了理解这种电子生命,我们需要突破传统。因为,今天的生命概念已经超越了纯粹有机体的器官身体的生命,构成了有机与无机混成在一起的机体学。当我们从卢克莱修、薛定谔、马图拉纳和瓦雷拉、雷蒙·鲁耶的生命哲学讨论中,将生命理解为一个自生系统,进一步提出电子生命在其自生系统内在部分与外在环境之间的建立了熵与负熵的平衡。而通过西蒙东的技术物则实现了人类生命体与外在缔结环境之间的物质交往,会极大地拓展了超越有机体的生命概念。而在智能时代的今天,技术物已经演化为数码物,进一步进化为斯蒂格勒的一般机体学,生命变成了盖娅式的整体生命。

探索实验室建筑科学设计之路

现代实验室建筑的设计是一个复杂的系统工程,本文以上海市疾病预防控制中心新建工程为例,从该实验室的特点入手,结合设计过程中采用的科学设计手法,探讨实验室建筑的设计要点。

服务型社会组织如何推动政策倡导?——基于拓展性倡导联盟框架的纵向个案分析

政社合作提供公共服务屡见不鲜,但服务型社会组织推动的政策倡导过程仍处于“黑箱”状态。基于拓展性倡导联盟框架,本文研究服务型社会组织创建政社合作联盟及其政策学习的过程与机制,基于纵向个案考察发现:第一,服务型社会组织以治理现代化等“相对稳定参数”变革开启的政治机遇组建了松散的政社合作,并借力群团改革之“子系统外部事件”构建了以群团组织为纽带的紧密型政社合作联盟。第二,政社合作联盟以政策方案的“迭代递归”原则开展“试验性学习”,历经创投式示范探索、横向型对比试验、权威化推广扩散等阶段之后达成政策共识。第三,无论组建联盟还是政策学习,服务型社会组织与群团组织是关键的“双政策经纪人”,分别以“专业方案”和“网络中介”动员地方政府支持倡导联盟。研究结论为新时代社会组织的服务型政策倡导提供了理论解释,丰富了倡导联盟框架的本土化研究。

住区商业空间“精明更新”:业态竞合协同与空间流态组构

在空间生产动能衰减的存量更新时期和通讯、物流技术加剧城市人口与要素流动的信息时代,按传统功能主义、计划思维配建的住区商业空间面临巨大的功能重组和空间重构挑战,需通过低成本、低扰动、高适应性的更新理论指导其空间提质增效实践。为此,从“人本响应”和“时空统筹”角度,探索建构基于业态生命周期竞合协同和经营载体流态组构的住区商业空间“精明更新”方法。该方法以“供需适配、周期演替、竞合协同”为导向目标,以“尺度传导、情境驱动、流态组构”为行动路径,以4类商业业态(餐饮服务、日用零售、生活服务、休闲娱乐)、3阶业态周期(初创、发展、成熟)、两重空间尺度(住区、商铺)、7项空间因子(商业空间配比、业态类型配比、业态周期配比、店面规模、店面区位、店铺拼组方式、主辅空间配比)为解析因子,通过对样本调研,识别揭示了住区商业业态/空间的供需适配、周期演化和竞合协同机理,并据此总结出“专零互补、摊店互促、多业联动”三种住区商业复业情境及其时空间更新响应策略,以为该类城市空间的提质增效提供理论参考。

研究型大学有组织科技成果转化体系--基于麻省理工学院与哥伦比亚大学的案例分析

为推动研究型大学科技成果更多、更快、更优转化,更有力地支撑创新驱动发展战略,基于有组织创新理论和三螺旋理论,通过对麻省理工学院和哥伦比亚大学的比较案例分析,从制度建设和要素投入两方面分别剖析研究型大学构建有组织科技成果转化体系的经验,提出研究型大学有组织科技成果转化模型。结果表明,在制度层面,需要推进研究型大学技术转移办公室专业化转型升级,加强概念验证中心建设和学术创业支持力度;在要素层面,针对研究型大学的薄弱环节加大要素投入,包括加强工程师和技术经纪人队伍建设,完善产学研合作平台、增加应用场景供给等。

社会管理到社会治理:公安机关的认识、不足与改进方向

认识和把握社会管理和社会治理的概念、内容与差异,并厘清市域社会治理与城乡基层治理的区别和联系,进一步认识社会治理要求下公安机关的职能任务和面临的挑战。然而,部分公安机关自身还存在一些不足:观念转变不到位,角色定位不准确,管理制度不匹配,学习投入不够等,未能完全适应推进社会治理的需要。提出公安机关的改进方向:转变传统观念,治理方式与时俱进;明确职能定位,提升群众工作能力;推进制度改革,充实基层治理力量;保障学习投入,不断提升综合素养。

政府绿色补贴如何激发企业绿色创新——基于战略响应视角的解释和证据

企业如何响应绿色补贴的政策激励进而选择自身绿色创新行为,是打开“绿色补贴—绿色创新”之间“过程黑箱”的核心内容。本文通过运用中国A股上市重污染企业2010-2021年的数据,探讨了政府绿色补贴对企业绿色创新的影响,以及绿色战略导向、绿色组织学习能力和绿色战略行动在其中的中介作用。研究发现,绿色补贴对企业绿色创新的影响呈现出倒U型关系;绿色战略导向、绿色组织学习能力和绿色战略行动在“绿色补贴—绿色创新”过程中发挥着显著的中介传导效应,并且与绿色补贴之间存在着“倒U型”关系。本文的研究发现为更深入地理解“绿色补贴—绿色创新”之间的微观机制和推动企业绿色创新提供了全新的理论视角和实践启示。