Orthogonal Test Optimization of Extraction Technology of Total Fla-vonoids from Fruits and Leaves of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc. and Its in Vitro Anti-oxidation Activity

[Objectives]To optimize the extraction technology of total flavonoids component,and investigate its in vitro anti-oxidation activity.[Methods]The single factor was inspected firstly. By orthogonal experiment,the best extraction conditions of total flavonoids from fruits and leaves of P. mume Sieb. et Zucc. were determined,and reducing ability of the extracted total flavonoids and its DPPH and ABTS scavenging abilities were explored. [Results] The best extraction technology conditions: solid-liquid ratio of 1∶ 50,ethanol concentration of 50%,extraction time of 2. 5 h,extraction temperature of 85 ℃,two-time extraction. By detecting DPPH and ABTS scavenging abilities of total flavonoids,the anti-oxidation activity of the total flavonoids from fruits and leaves of P. mume Sieb. et Zucc. was analyzed and evaluated. [Conclusions]Fruits and leaves of P. mume Sieb. et Zucc. had a certain in vitro anti-oxidation activity,and heat reflux extraction method of its total flavonoids had high extraction rate and simple and convenient operation,which had some practical value.

南山楂叶黄酮抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶和清除DPPH自由基的作用

目的:研究南山楂叶黄酮提取物(SZ)对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制作用和抗氧化活性。方法:检测SZ对来源于酵母菌的α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制作用,并采用Lineweave-Burk双倒数曲线研究其抑制机理;测定SZ对DPPH自由基的清除率,考察其抗氧化活性。结果:SZ对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率可达到64.3%,属于非竞争性抑制;对DPPH自由基的清除率可达52.8%,IC50值为0.57mg/mL。结论:SZ对α-葡萄糖苷酶有较强的抑制作用和具有一定的抗氧化活性。

7味中药对体外非酶糖化终产物生成的抑制作用

目的 体外建立蛋白质非酶糖化系统 ,观察五味子、山茱萸等 7味中药对蛋白质糖化终产物 ( AGEs)的抑制作用。方法 2 0 0 m mol/ L葡萄糖与 4 0 g/ L牛血清白蛋白在 3 7℃条件下反应 8周 ,利用 AGEs具有棕色和荧光的特点 ,分别测定紫外吸光度和荧光度值 ,以考察五味子、山茱萸等 7味中药对 AGEs生成的抑制作用。结果 五味子、山茱萸、山楂等中药对 AGEs的生成有较强的抑制作用。结论 五味子、山茱萸。

大豆异黄酮及其山楂复方对高脂血症大鼠血栓形成的影响

目的:探讨大豆异黄酮及其与山楂复方对高脂血症大鼠血栓形成的影响。方法:大鼠喂饲高脂饲料,同时灌服药物10周,试验结束时取血浆用于相关生化指标的测定。结果:高脂血症组大鼠ET-1、TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α、D-dimer和FDP均明显高于正常组。经大豆异黄酮和大豆异黄酮+山楂复方治疗ET-1、TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α、D-dimer和FDP不同程度低于模型组,NO水平高于模型组。结论:大豆异黄酮及其与山楂的复方具有抗高脂血症血栓形成作用,对高脂诱导的内皮功能有一定改善和修复作用。

大豆异黄酮及其山楂合剂对高脂治疗血症大鼠血脂的影响

目的 :探讨大豆异黄酮对高脂血症大鼠血脂的影响。方法 :雄性SD大鼠喂饲高脂饲料 ,同时灌服药物 10周 ,禁食12h后断头取血检测血脂有关指标。结果 :大豆异黄酮组血浆TC、TG、LDL C水平均显著降低 ,HDL C水平均明显升高 ;血浆apo AⅠ、apo AⅠ /apo B水平均显著升高 ,apo B水平均明显降低。大豆异黄酮 +山楂组血浆TC、TG、LDL C水平均显著降低 ,HDL C水平均明显升高 ;血浆apo AⅠ、apo AⅠ /apo B水平均显著升高 ,apo B水平均明显降低。 结论

杨梅叶片矿质营养及对土壤重金属的富集效应

以8年生的杨梅叶片为试材,采用微波消解法处理样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定杨梅叶片矿质营养及土壤元素含量,探讨杨梅适宜营养指标,为杨梅合理施肥提供科学依据。结果表明,N、Ca和K元素是杨梅叶片中的主要营养元素,含量均高于7.048 g·kg-1;杨梅叶片中B的含量(35.82 mg·kg-1)显著高于土壤中B的含量(18.4 mg·kg-1),为满足杨梅对B的需求,栽培过程中需补充B肥;杨梅叶片中含有丰富的Fe、Mn和Zn等微量元素,B含量与Fe含量呈显著正相关,Mn含量与Fe、Zn含量均呈负相关。杨梅对土壤中Zn、Cu、Cr和Ni等重金属元素有一定的富集效应。

HPLC法测定杨梅叶中杨梅苷的含量

目的:建立HPLC法测定杨梅叶中杨梅苷含量的方法。方法:采用Diamonsil C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)柱,流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长358 nm,柱温30℃。结果:杨梅苷在0.088-0.880 mg/mL内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,A=36113C-401.56,r=0.9994;平均回收率为102.4%,RSD=1.9%(n=9)。测得杨梅叶中杨梅苷含量为1.43%。结论:该测定方法准确,可靠,对于杨梅的进一步开发利用具有重要的参考意义。

泡桐属叶毛类型及对丛枝病的抗性

调查研究结果认为泡桐属叶毛类型有单枝毛、腺毛、叉状毛和树状毛4大类型。各类又有长柄、短柄或无柄之别。叶背有无叶毛和叶毛类型的不同对丛枝病的抗性有很大差异。叶背无毛或毛非常稀少对丛枝病高度感染,叶背毛为无柄(或几无柄)树状毛、短柄叉状毛和短柄、腺细胞小并无粘性腺毛的泡桐感病,叶背为不同类型的混合毛亦感病,但感病程度随长柄和短柄毛的比例不同而有所差异。叶背毛为较稠密的长柄树状毛、长柄叉状毛、长柄单枝毛和长柄、腺细胞大的粘性腺毛的泡桐为高度抗病。抗病的原因是抗传毒介体昆虫。

南山楂总黄酮提取工艺优化研究

目的优化南山楂总黄酮的提取工艺。方法以南山楂总黄酮的含量为评价指标,以乙醇浓度、料液比、提取次数、提取时间为考察因素,采用正交试验优化南山楂总黄酮的提取工艺。结果优化的提取工艺为60%乙醇、料液比1∶12、每次2 h、提取2次。结论优化的提取工艺简便、合理,可为南山楂总黄酮工业化提取提供重要的参考。

Immune enhancement effect of an herb complex extract through the activation of natural killer cells and the regulation of cytokine levels in a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression rat model

Objective: To investigate the effects of a herb complex extract(HCE) prepared from Cornus officinalis Sieb. Et Zucc., Eriobotrya japonica Lindley, and olive leaves on immune response of mouse spleen NK cells in vitro and in vivo analysis. Methods: The activity of natural killer(NK) cells was measured in splenocytes and YAC-1 cells. Mice were immunosuppressed using cyclophosphamide(5 mg/kg body weight). Three different doses of HCE(200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight) and red ginseng extract(800 mg/kg body weight) which was used as standard immunomodulatory herb were administered orally for 4 weeks. The body weight, dietary, water intake, organs(liver, thymus, and spleen) weight, completed blood count, and cytokines(tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and interleukin-2) production was measured. Results: At the maximum concentration of HCE, the activity of NK cells was increased by 48.5%. HCE increased liver, spleen, and thymus weights without altering numbers of white blood cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression rat model. However, HCE recovered the inhibited cytokine expression; HCE(800 mg/kg) increased cytokines levels. The results indicate the immune enhancement potential of this HCE. Conclusion: The HCE enhances immunity by increasing NK cell activity, regulating cytokine levels, and maintaining spleen weight. Therefore, it may be used as a potential immunity enhancer.

野山楂作砧嫁接山楂初报

以野山楂根蘖苗作砧,“大金星”作接穗,进行嫁接试验。结果表明:无论采用枝接或芽接,均能成活、成苗。其中,早春切接,成活率达91.6％,成苗率86.0％;秋季芽接,成活率为80.0％,成苗率50.0％.

不同产地山里红野山楂中总黄酮总有机酸含量比较

目的 比较不同产地山里红、野山楂中总黄酮、总有机酸的含量。方法 采用紫外分光光度法,以芦丁为对照品,检测波长为499 nm,测定不同产地山里红、野山楂中的总黄酮含量;采用酸碱滴定法,以酚酞为指示剂,测定不同产地山里红、野山楂中的总有机酸含量。结果 山里红中总黄酮含量在2.93%~6.39%范围内,其中,以山东省潍坊市临朐县出产的山里红含量最高;总有机酸在7.75%~14.00%范围内,其中,以山东省淄博市沂源县和河北省承德市兴隆县出产的山里红含量最高。野山楂中总黄酮含量在2.24%~10.92%范围内,总有机酸含量在0.75%~3.35%范围内,上述两类成分均以湖北省十堰市出产的野山楂最高。经分析比较,山里红中总黄酮含量明显低于总有机酸,而野山楂则相反。结论该研究为完善现有的山楂质量评价体系提供参考。