Effects of Different Culture Conditions on Vitrification of Lycium barbarum L. Plantlets in Tissue Culture

The tender stems from new Lycium barbarum L. cultivar ＂Ningqi 3＂ released by Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences were regarded as explants to investigate the vitrification of Lycium barbarum plantlets in tissue culture under different concentrations of 6-BA, sucrose, agrose, culture temperature, and illumination duration with MS as basic medium. The results show that the conditions for maximal proliferation coefficient and min- imal vitrification are as following： the basic medium with 0.2 mg/L 6-BA, 3% sucrose and 0.65% agarose; culture at 25℃; 12 h/d（ daylight lamp, 2 000 lx） illumination.

Effects of Different Vibration Intensities Harvesting on Photosynthesis System Parameters of Lycium barbarum L. Trees with Harvest Machine

The effects of different vibration intensities harvesting on photosynthesis system parameters of Lycium barbarum L. tree with harvest machine were researched. The result showed that the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of L. barbarum tree＇s leaves under different treatment during different periods have no significant difference compared with contrast. It indicates that there is no significant effect on photosynthesis system parameters of L. barbarum tree＇s leaves with harvest machine.

The Relation between Anther's Nutrient Metabolism and Pollen Abortion of Male Sterile Lines in Lycium barbarum L.

[ Objective] This study deals with the relation between anther nutrient metabolism and pollen abortion of male sterile lines in Lycium barbarum L., and provides some theoretical references for the pollen abortion mechanism of male sterile lines in Lyciurn barbarurn L.. [Method] By using semi-thin section and cytochemistry technology, the accumulation and distribution of anther nutrient of male sterile and fertile lines in Lycium barbarum L. were observed and compared. [ Result] The result showed that after meiosis, starch grains in the connective parenchyma of anther decreased sharply, and starch grains in epidermis and endothecium were also greatly decreased, while nearly no lipid accumulated in tapetal cells in male sterile lines compared with the fertile lines. The tapetal cells and tetraspore had vacuoles appear successively, and then entered the degenerate process. During the degeneration stage of tapetal cells and tetraspore, starch grains in epidermis and endothecium were still in a smell number and in the connective parenchyme as well. [ Conclusion] The decrease of polysaccharide supplying in anther vascular leads to the disorder of mechanism of glycelipid transforming in tapetal ceils, which triggers the tapetal cells degenerating ahead of time, and the latter gives rise to callus wall failing to degenerate in time. Therefore, the tetrads disintegrate and disappear ultimately due to lack of nutrition.

Pollination Compatibility of Six Lycium barbarum L.Varieties

[Objective] The aim was to research pol ination compatibility of Six Lycium barbarum L. Varieties. [Method] Self-fertilization and reciprocal cross fertilization tests were conducted among the Six Lycium barbarum L. Varieties. [Result] Ningqi No.3 was of self-incompatibility and the self-fertilization fruit set ratio was only 1.33%; the self-compatibility of Ningqi No.2 was only 31.74%; the rest kept self-compatibility higher than 50%. The six varieties al showed better compatibility in general, espe-cial y for Ningqi No.3, whose fruit set ratio and weight of single fruit can be im-proved once a suitable pol inizer is found. [Conclusion] The research providers refer-ences for pol inizer-trees in production.

Effects of Different Mulching Methods on Primary Substances and Secondary Substances of Lycium barbarum L.

[Objective] The aim was to provide certain theoretical basis for stuides on the high yield and high quality cultivation of Lycium barbarum L..[Method] Under yield conditions,the accumulation of primary substances and secondary substances of Lycium barbarum L.was studied under different mulching treatments.[Result] Different mulching methods all had a certain effects on the contents of main primary substances and main secondary substances in Lycium barbarum L.fruit.Among them,carbohydrates and flavonoids contents in Lycium barbarum L.were both obviously increased under straw-film mulching;carotenoid content was decreased relatively;hundred leaf weight,1 000-grain weight and yield of Lycium barbarum L.were increased to a certain extent,but there was no obvious effect on the shape of fruit.Besides,the yield of Lycium barbarum L.had no significant positive correlation with total carbohydrate and polysaccharide,almost had no correlation with flavonoids,and had no significant negative correlation with carotenoid.[Conclusion] The reasonable mulching could improve the yield and quality of Lycium barbarum L..

Changes of the Main Carotenoid Pigment Contents During the Drying Processes of the Different Harvest Stage Fruits of Lycium barbarum L.

The test analyzed the regularity of biosynthesis and degradation of the main functional components, such as zeaxanthin, β-carotene, and esterified carotenoids in the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. in order to provide theoretical basis for improvement of processing condition, appearance quality, and preservation of carotenoids. RP-HPLC was adapted to assay the changes of the main carotenoids of the different harvested stage fruit during the drying processing. Quantification was realized using external standard with gradient elution. The results showed that zeaxanthin and β-carotene contents in fruits increased dramatically, 2-22 times that of fresh fruits at the beginning of the drying period. In the middle of drying period, degradation occurred to a some extent, and the fall fruit degraded to a large extent. At the end of drying period, zeaxanthin and β-carotene contents increased to a little extent until a balanced state is obtained. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate content had a total degradation to more than 40% at the beginning of the drying period, and increased a little at the middle period, then reached a balanced state finally. The total carotenoid content analysis showed that the summer fruit had higher carotenoid content than the fall fruit. The experiments demonstrated zeaxanthin and β-carotene contents in fruits increased and zeaxanthin dipalmitate decreased during the drying process, which had an effect on the production appearance.

Review on the Diseases and Insects of Lycium barbarum L.

With the increasing planting area of Lycium barbarum L. , influence of diseases and pests has grown more serious, and the researches on the diseases and pests of L. barbarum L. have become increasingly important. This study reviewed the found diseases and pests of L barbarum L. and corresponding control measures, proposed the problems, suggestions and prospects, in order to provide references for the sustainable healthy development of L. barbarum L. industry in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.

Determination of the Composition and Content of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides by Chromatography

Lycium barbarum polysaccharides （LBP） were obtained after Lycium barbarum, the study object, went through chloroform-methanol degreasing, water extraction and alcohol precipitation, acetone and ether wash and dry, hydrogen peroxide bleaching, deproteinization by savage method. Determined LBP molecular weight by HPLC was 73950-138090Da. And the monosaccharides in LBP determined by IC mainly included glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose and mannose, in which glucose, arabinose and galactose had larger contents, while the contents of other monosaccharides were low.

中宁枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)的核型分析

报道了中宁枸杞( Lycium barbarum L.)的核型.核型公式为K(2n)=2 X=24=2 2 m(4 SAT)+2 sm.核型类型为1A，为较原始的对称核型，并与前人的报道结果进行了对比分 析.

药用植物宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)土壤细菌群落演替特征

【目的】研究土层、季节和树龄对宁夏枸杞土壤细菌群落结构的影响,对揭示枸杞种植区域土壤质量变化规律具有重要意义。【方法】以宁夏枸杞之乡—宁夏回族自治区中宁县为研究区,采用高通量测序分析了不同土层、季节和树龄条件下枸杞土壤细菌生物量及细菌群落结构和丰度的变化趋势。【结果】随着枸杞树龄增加,与幼龄(种植当年,<1年)枸杞土壤相比,春季和夏季0—20 cm中龄(6年)和老龄(12年)土壤总有机碳(total organic carbon,TOC)及0—40 cm土壤总有机氮(total organic nitrogen,TON)含量先增加后减少;春季不同树龄0—20 cm土壤微生物生物量碳(microbial biomass carbon,MBC)和微生物生物量氮(microbial biomass nitrogen,MBN)一直增加,但春季和秋季20—40 cm则呈相反趋势。夏季中龄植株表层土壤MBC最高,但MBN却最低。随着树龄增加,枸杞表层土壤细菌多样性普遍呈先增加后减小的趋势。枸杞土壤变形菌门Proteobacteria、放线菌门Actinobacteria、拟杆菌门Bacteroidete在细菌群落中占绝对优势。相同季节老龄土壤Proteobacteria相对丰度普遍高于幼龄和中龄,幼龄土壤Planctomycetes和绿弯菌门Chloroflexi丰度高于中龄和老龄。变形杆菌中黄色单胞菌Xanthomonadales、红杆菌Rhodobacterales和根瘤菌Rhizobiales占主导地位,尤其是在秋季中龄和3个季节的老龄枸杞土壤。土层、季节和树龄对土壤微生物数量影响不同。【结论】随着树龄增加,宁夏枸杞表层土壤微生物生物量和细菌多样性呈先增加后降低的趋势。老龄植株土壤Xanthomonadales数量相对最多。土层对枸杞土壤碳分布有极显著影响,树龄主要显著影响土壤氮源和细菌群落多样性,季节对枸杞土壤碳源、微生物量碳氮均有极显著影响。

Preliminary Study on the Anther Culture in Lycium barbarum L.

To investigate the culture technique in anther of Chinese wolfberry,we optimized the culture medium(including hormone combination)and culture conditions.The results showed that calluses were induced from all the six tested Chinese wolfberry materials,but the induction rate of callus varied toward the materials with different genotypes.When the experimental materials were cultured on medium appended with 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L and KT 1.0 mg/L under dark,the callus induction rate reached 20.0 % in this study,and this hormone combination should be the optimum for anther culture of Chinese wolfberry.With MS appended with 6-BA 0.5 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L as differentiation medium and that appended with NAA 0.1 mg/L,the plants could be yielded in 20 days.

基于HPLC-Q-TOF MS的网络化技术对宁夏枸杞根皮的化学成分研究

建立了高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(HPLC-Q-TOF MS)法分析宁夏枸杞根皮的主要化学成分。采用Agilent ZORBAX Extend C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm×5μm),以水(含10 mmol/L醋酸铵)-乙腈为流动相进行等度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量5μL;电喷雾离子源正、负离子模式检测,质量扫描范围m/z 100~300和300~2000。利用数据转换软件将原始数据转换成mzXML格式,在GNPS上建立分子网络,并运用Cytoscape软件对结果进行可视化解读,结合文献数据推测化合物结构。通过手动检索发现了宁夏枸杞根皮中的21个化合物,与已报道的枸杞根皮中化合物一致。通过分子网络化聚类分析发现11个化合物,为地骨皮中首次报道,其中化合物24和25为新发现的环九肽类化合物。该方法可快速分析宁夏枸杞根皮的化学成分,为其质量控制奠定基础。

枸杞叶HPLC特征图谱的研究

目的:采用HPLC法研究枸杞叶的特征图谱。方法:采用HPLC法,以槲皮素为参照物,色谱柱为Agilent 5TC-C _(18)(2)5μm,250 mm×4.6 mm,以甲醇-0.4%磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长为360 nm,柱温为35℃。流速为1.0 mL/min。利用《中药指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012年版)》对数据进行整理分析。结果:建立了枸杞叶的HPLC特征图谱,共确定7个特征峰,以槲皮素峰为参照(S),10批枸杞叶样品的相似度均>0.900。结论:该方法操作简便,专属性好,可为枸杞叶的质量标准研究和质量评价提供参考依据。

QuEChERS联合UPLC-MS/MS和GC-MS/MS测定枸杞子中33种禁用农药残留

以2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》农药残留量测定法第五法中的快速处理法(QuEChERS)作为前处理方法,采用UPLC-MS/MS和GC-MS/MS测定枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)子中33种禁用农药的残留量。结果表明,该方法线性关系良好,相关系数≥0.9950,加样回收率均在60%以上,20批枸杞子仅克百威检出,检出率为70%,合格率为60%。该方法灵敏度高,检测限低,可满足痕量分析要求。

枸杞子产地加工研究进展

目的:为枸杞子产地加工的现代化研究提供理论依据,为其新药开发和质量评价奠定基础。方法:通过数据库的检索,对近些年枸杞子产地加工过程中所涉除蜡及干燥工艺的相关文献资料进行整理与总结。结果:枸杞子除蜡主要包括Na2CO3除蜡、碱性油酸乙酯溶液除蜡等化学除蜡法和超声除蜡、研磨除蜡等物理除蜡法;枸杞子干燥主要包括自然晾干、热风干燥等热力干燥和微波干燥、冷冻干燥等非热力干燥。经实地调研和相关文献查阅发现,除蜡过程与干燥过程所涉工艺存在一定差异,且相关工艺参数缺乏统一标准。结论:目前枸杞子的产地加工研究较为全面,工艺研究多是对枸杞子干果营养成分及品质的影响,目前暂未见对药理、药效影响的报道。

宁夏枸杞酚类及其衍生物的研究与应用进展

酚类化合物是植物中重要的一类次生代谢物,具有多种生物活性,被认为是营养、功能食品的主要功效成分。宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)作为重要的药食同源滋补品,富含酚类化合物及其衍生物。本文综述了国内外宁夏枸杞酚类化合物及其衍生物的研究进展,包括宁夏枸杞酚类化合物的提取、分离、分析与鉴定方法及生物活性;同时也总结了酚类物质对枸杞食药风味/五味的贡献、合成代谢及其深加工应用研究进展,并对枸杞酚类化合物研发存在的问题提出建议及展望。以期为宁夏枸杞酚类及其衍生物的深入研究提供参考依据,为特色资源枸杞开发利用提供理论指导。

恰玛古枸杞复合饮料的研发及配方优化

采用恰玛古、枸杞、浓缩苹果汁为原料,白砂糖、柠檬酸为辅料,并加入黄原胶等稳定剂,研发一款恰玛古枸杞复合饮料。以感官品质评价为指标,通过单因素实验与正交试验对原辅料配比进行优化,在此基础上,再以沉淀率为指标,确定不同稳定剂添加量。最终由实验结果得出最优配方为:恰玛古原汁添加量12%,枸杞原汁添加量24%,浓缩苹果汁添加量0.6%,白砂糖添加量5%,柠檬酸添加量0.18%,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)添加量0.04%,黄原胶添加量0.03%,β-环状糊精(β-CD)添加量0.03%。此配方制得的恰玛古枸杞复合饮料感官品质最佳,口感爽滑,糖酸协调,风味独特,状态稳定。

枸杞叶对大鼠生长性能、血清生化与抗氧化指标及血浆代谢组的影响

本试验以大鼠为模式动物,旨在探究枸杞叶对动物生长性能、血清生化与抗氧化指标及血浆代谢组的影响。选取体重相近的健康雄性SD大鼠25只,随机分为5组(每组5个重复,每个重复1只):NC组(对照组)大鼠饲喂基础饲粮,PC组(枸杞果实阳性对照组)大鼠在饲喂基础饲粮的基础上灌服4 g/kg BW的枸杞果实匀浆,LD组、MD组和HD组(枸杞叶试验组)大鼠在饲喂基础饲粮的基础上分别灌服2、4和8 g/kg BW枸杞叶匀浆。预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果显示:1)LD组大鼠的末重(338.63 g)和平均日增重(6.25 g/d)最高,显著高于NC组、PC组和MD组(P<0.05)。2)随枸杞叶匀浆灌胃剂量的上升,血清白球比降低,且HD组显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。3)LD组血清总抗氧化能力显著高于其他组(P<0.05),且随枸杞叶匀浆灌胃剂量的升高,血清总抗氧化能力显著下降(P<0.05)。4)通过血浆代谢组学分析共筛选出31种差异代谢物,富集的代谢通路主要有花生四烯酸代谢、嘌呤代谢、氨基酸代谢及烟酸和烟酰胺代谢等。综上所述,枸杞叶可提高模式动物大鼠的生长性能,并可能通过花生四烯酸代谢、氨基酸代谢等途径及中间代谢产物调控机体的抗氧化能力与免疫功能。本试验条件下,枸杞叶匀浆灌胃剂量为2 g/kg BW时效果较好。

枸杞叶片酚酸类物质的自毒作用分析

自毒作用是植物连作障碍形成的主要原因之一,严重影响植物生长和粮食生产。前期研究结果表明,土壤微生物多样性下降、土传病害加重是枸杞园连作障碍形成的重要原因,但枸杞残体的自毒作用及其物质基础目前仍不明确。为探讨自毒物质的主要来源,本研究对比分析了枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)叶、茎、根等组织浸提液对枸杞幼苗生长的影响。浓度梯度试验结果表明,叶片浸提液的抑制效应高于根、老根皮及茎浸提液。向无枸杞种植历史的农田土壤中添加枸杞叶片干粉能够显著抑制枸杞幼苗生长及叶片光合作用,证实了枸杞叶片具有自毒作用。联合UPLC-QTOF-MS和GC-TOF-MS技术对生长季末期枸杞叶片进行代谢组分析,共鉴定出有机酸112种、醇类41种、氨基酸37种、醛酮类28种和糖类48种。对其中24种有机酸及衍生物的分析发现,20种有机物能够不同程度抑制枸杞幼苗初生根生长。其中水杨酸、邻苯二甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸和香豆素在浓度低至10μmol/L时仍具显著抑制效应。UPLC结果进一步显示,长期连作导致枸杞园土壤香豆素、水杨酸、苯甲酸、阿魏酸和香豆酸积累。此外,土壤总酚酸含量也随种植年限增加显著增加。这些结果表明土壤中枸杞叶片酚酸能够在长期连作下积累并诱发自毒作用,这为进一步探索枸杞连作障碍形成机制提供了研究基础。

枸杞叶改善D-半乳糖致亚急性衰老小鼠学习与记忆能力的效应部位与作用机制研究

目的研究枸杞叶改善D-半乳糖致亚急性衰老小鼠学习与记忆能力的效应部位与作用机制。方法建立D-半乳糖致亚急性衰老小鼠模型,制备枸杞叶不同溶剂提取部位,通过Y迷宫实验和新物体识别实验评价枸杞叶不同溶剂提取部位对模型小鼠学习与记忆能力的影响;苏木素-伊红(HE)以及尼氏(Nissl)染色观察小鼠海马区病理形态学变化;酶联免疫吸附法检测小鼠海马组织脑源性神经营养因子(Brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)、神经生长因子(Nerve growth factor,NGF)、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor,GDNF)以及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)的含量;试剂盒检测小鼠海马组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力,丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量;TUNEL法检测小鼠脑组织海马区细胞凋亡情况;蛋白印迹法检测小鼠海马组织抗氧化蛋白Nrf2、HO-1以及凋亡蛋白Caspase-3、Caspase-9的表达。结果枸杞叶水提部位和80%醇沉上清部位显著改善模型小鼠学习与记忆能力,改善小鼠海马区组织病理损伤,增加小鼠海马区尼氏体数目,并促进神经营养因子BDNF、NGF、GDNF的表达;下调致炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IFN-γ的表达,上调抗炎因子IL-10表达;提升SOD活力和GSH表达,降低MDA表达;提高Nrf2、HO-1抗氧化蛋白的表达;降低Caspase-3、Caspase-9凋亡通路蛋白的表达;抑制模型小鼠脑组织海马区细胞凋亡。结论枸杞叶水提部位和80%醇沉上清部位是枸杞叶改善D-半乳糖致亚急性衰老小鼠学习与记忆能力的效应部位,其作用途径与抑制中枢氧化应激与炎性应激导致的神经元凋亡有关。