Left Ventricle Geometry Remolding after Heart Transplantation:A Two-dimensional Ultrasound Study

The function of the transplanted heart will be affected by acute allograft rejection, chronic rejection, high blood pressure and so on, which may induce the reconstruction of the left ventricle and the increase of left ventricular mass （LVM）, and eventually lead to left ventricular hypertrophy that will significantly affect the prognosis of heart transplantation （HT）. The purpose of this study was to dy- namically monitor the changes of left ventricular geometric patterns after HT using two-dimensional echocardiography and to understand the remodeling process and its possible influencing factors. The left ventricular internal diameter, interventricular septal wall thickness, posterior wall thickness at end dias- tole were measured and the relative wall thickness （RWT）, left ventricular mass, left ventricular mass index were calculated respectively in 34 HT patients and 34 healthy volunteers by two-dimensional echocardiography. The type of left ventricular geometry was identified based on the echocardiographic determination of LVM index （LVMI） and RWT. The HT patients were divided into three groups ac- cording to the time length after surgery： A （3 months postoperatively）, B （6 months postoperatively） and C （12 months postoperatively）. We compared the parameters of left ventricle between HT group and normal control group, and explored the risk factors causing the increase of LVM. The results showed that 4 patients （16%） in group A had concentric remodeling. Nine patients （34.62%） in group B had re- construction, including 5 cases of concentric remodeling, 2 cases of concentric hypertrophy and 2 cases of eccentric hypertrophy. The hypertrophy incidence rate was 15.4% in group B. 15 patients （62.5%） had reconstruction in group C, including 9 cases of concentric remodeling, 5 cases of concentric hyper- trophy, and 1 case of eccentric hypertrophy. The prevalence of hypertrophy was 25%. Multivariate analysis showed that hypertension and acute rejection history were the risk factors that resulted in left ventricular hypertrophy. It is concluded that the left ventricular remodeling occurs following cardiac transplantation at an early stage and the incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy increases with survival time. In this study, the one-year prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy was 25% after surgery. Hy- pertension and acute rejection history are risk factors that can predict the left ventricular hypertrophy.

Outcomes of right-lobe and left-lobe living-donor liver transplantations using small-for-size grafts

AIM To analyze the outcomes of living-donor liver transplantation(LDLT) using left-lobe(LL) or right-lobe(RL) small-for-size(SFS) grafts.METHODS Prospectively collected data of adult patients who underwent LDLT at our hospital in the period from January 2003 to December 2013 were reviewed. The patients were divided into the RL-LDLT group and the LL-LDLT group. The two groups were compared in terms of short-and long-term outcomes, including incidence of postoperative complication, graft function, graft survival, and patient survival. A SFS graft was defined as a graft with a ratio of graft weight(GW) to recipient standard liver volume(RSLV)(GW/RSLV) of < 50%. The Urata formula was used to estimate RSLV.RESULTS Totally 218 patients were included for analysis, with 199 patients in the RL-LDLT group and 19 patients in the LL-LDLT group. The two groups were similar in terms of age(median, 53 years in the RL-LDLT group and 52 years in the LL-LDLT group, P = 0.997) but had significantly different ratios of men to women(165:34 in the RL-LDLT group and 8:11 in the LL-LDLT group, P < 0.0001). The two groups were also significantly different in GW(P < 0.0001), GW/RSLV(P < 0.0001), and graft cold ischemic time(P = 0.007). When it comes to postoperative complication, the groups were comparable(P = 0.105). Five patients died in hospital,4(2%) in the RL-LDLT group and 1(5.3%) in the LLLDLT group(P = 0.918). There were 38 graft losses, 33(16.6%) in the RL-LDLT group and 5(26.3%) in the LL-LDLT group(P = 0.452). The 5-year graft survival rate was significantly better in the RL-LDLT group(95.2% vs 89.5%, P = 0.049). The two groups had similar 5-year patient survival rates(RL-LDLT: 86.8%, LL-LDLT: 89.5%, P = 0.476).CONCLUSION The use of SFS graft in LDLT requires careful tailormade surgical planning and meticulous operation. LLLDLT can be a good alternative to RL-LDLT with similar recipient outcomes but a lower donor risk. Further research into different patient conditions is needed in order to validate the use of LL graft.

Optimal timing of same-admission orthotopic heart transplantation after left ventricular assist device implantation

AIM To investigate the impact of timing of same-admission orthotopic heart transplant(OHT) after left ventricular assist device(LVAD) implantation on in-hospital mortality and post-transplant length of stay.METHODS Using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1998 to 2011, we identified patients 18 years of age or older who underwent implantation of a LVAD and for whom the procedure date was available. We calculated in-hospital mortality for those patients who underwent OHT during the same admission as a function of time from LVAD to OHT, adjusting for age, sex, race, household income, and number of comorbid diagnoses. Finally, we analyzed the effect of time to OHT after LVAD implantation on the length of hospital stay post-transplant.RESULTS Two thousand and two hundred patients underwent implantation of a LVAD in this cohort. One hundred and sixty-four(7.5%) patients also underwent OHT duringthe same admission, which occurred on average 32 d(IQR 7.75-66 d) after LVAD implantation. Of patients who underwent OHT, patients who underwent transplantation within 7 d of LVAD implantation("early") experienced increased in-hospital mortality(26.8% vs 12.2%, P = 0.0483) compared to patients who underwent transplant after 8 d("late"). There was no statistically significant difference in age, sex, race, household income, or number of comorbid diagnoses between the early and late groups. Post-transplant length of stay after LVAD implantation was also not significantly different between patients who underwent early vs late OHT. CONCLUSION In this cohort of patients who received LVADs, the rate of in-hospital mortality after OHT was lower for patients who underwent late OHT(at least 8 d after LVAD implantation) compared to patients who underwent early OHT. Delayed timing of OHT after LVAD implantation did not correlate with longer hospital stays post-transplant.

Cardiac rehabilitation in a heart failure patient after left ventricular assist device insertion and subsequent heart transplantation:A case report

BACKGROUND Insertion of a left ventricular assist device(LVAD)and heart transplantation(HT)improve the survival of patients with heart failure.In addition,cardiac rehabilitation(CR)further increases the functional capacity.This case report describes a successful case of CR after LVAD insertion and subsequent HT.CASE SUMMARY In the present case,during the LVAD insertion period,peak oxygen consumption(VO2)increased by 12.16%after CR.HT was performed 7 mo after the LVAD insertion,and the patient participated in phases I and II CR.The peak VO2 increased from 17.24 to 22.29 m L/kg/min.This improvement was more significant than that reported in previous studies on CR after LVAD insertion or HT.The patient’s quality of life also improved.The total average score of the short form-36 questionnaire increased from 29.5 points at admission to 53.3 points 9 mo after HT.CONCLUSION A tailored CR program after LVAD insertion or HT may improve the patients’quality of life and increase survival.

Split liver transplantation: Current developments

In 1988, Rudolf Pichlmayr pioneered split liver transplantation(SLT), enabling the transplantation of one donor liver into two recipients-one pediatric and one adult patient. In the same year, Henri Bismuth and colleagues performed the first full right/full left split procedure with two adult recipients. Both splitting techniques were rapidly adopted within the transplant community. However, a SLT is technically demanding, may cause increased perioperative complications, and may potentially transform an excellent deceased donor organ into two marginal quality grafts. Thus, crucial evaluation of donor organs suitable for splitting and careful screening of potential SLT recipients is warranted. Furthermore, the logistic background of the splitting procedure as well as the organ allocation policy must be adapted to further increase the number and the safety of SLT. Under defined circumstances, in selected patients and at experienced transplant centers, SLT outcomes can be similar to those obtained in full organ LT. Thus, SLT is an important tool to reduce the donor organ shortage and waitlist mortality, especially for pediatric patients and small adults. The present review gives an overview of technical aspects, current developments, and clinical outcomes of SLT.

Cholangiojejunostomy for multiple biliary ducts in living donor liver transplantation: A case report

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic living donor hepatectomy(LLDH)has been successfully carried out in several transplant centers.Biliary reconstruction is key in living donor liver transplantation(LDLT).Reliable biliary reconstruction can effectively prevent postoperative biliary stricture and leakage.Although preoperative magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and intraoperative indocyanine green cholangiography have been shown to be helpful in determining optimal division points,biliary variability and limitations associated with LLDH,multiple biliary tracts are often encountered during surgery,which inhibits biliary reconstruction.A reliable cholangiojejunostomy for multiple biliary ducts has been utilized in LDLT.This procedure provides a reference for multiple biliary reconstructions after LLDH.CASE SUMMARY A 2-year-old girl diagnosed with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency required liver transplantation.Due to the scarcity of deceased donors,she was put on the waiting list for LDLT.Her father was a suitable donor;however,after a rigorous evaluation,preoperative magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography examination of the donor indicated the possibility of multivessel variation in the biliary tract.Therefore,a laparoscopic left lateral section was performed on the donor,which met the estimated graft-to-recipient weight ratio.Under intraoperative indocyanine green cholangiography,4 biliary tracts were confirmed in the graft.It was difficult to reform the intrahepatic bile ducts due to their openings of more than 5 mm.A reliable cholangiojejunostomy was,therefore,utilized:Suture of the jejunum to the adjacent liver was performed around the bile duct openings with 6/0 absorbable sutures.At the last follow-up(1 year after surgery),the patient was complication-free.CONCLUSION Intrahepatic cholangiojejunostomy is reliable for multiple biliary ducts after LLDH in LDLT.

Portal vein-variceal anastomosis for portal vein inflow reconstruction in orthotopic liver transplantation:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Portal vein thrombosis(PVT)is a frequent complication occurring in 5%to 26%of cirrhotic patients candidates for liver transplantation(LT).In cases of extensive portal and or mesenteric vein thrombosis,complex vascular reconstruction of the portal inflow may become necessary for a successful orthotopic LT(OLT).CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old male with history of cirrhosis secondary to schistosomiasis complicated with extensive portal and mesenteric vein thrombosis and severe portal hypertension who underwent OLT with portal vein-left gastric vein anastomosis.CONCLUSION We review the various types of PVT,the portal venous inflow reconstruction techniques.

超声心动图用于监测肾移植术后左心室结构和功能变化进展

肾移植是治疗尿毒症的首选方式。常规心血管疾病危险因素,肾功能不全相关改变及免疫抑制药物等均可增加肾移植术后左心功能不全风险;尽早识别及干预肾移植术后左心室功能障碍有助于改善患者生活质量和提高生存率。本文就多种超声心动图技术用于监测肾移植术后左心室结构和功能变化研究进展进行综述。

左心室辅助装置的临床疗效及应用进展

心脏移植是治疗终末期心力衰竭最有效的手段。人工心脏的出现缓解了心脏供体不足的问题,其中左心室辅助装置(left ventricular assist device,LVAD)与其他装置相比具有易操作、创伤小等优势,因此逐渐成为了主要的治疗选择方式,并用于移植前的过渡支持和终点治疗,且终点治疗近年呈上升趋势。LVAD植入后会对患病心脏进行反向重构,使心肌恢复到相对健康的状态,患者长期携带可提高生存率。但LVAD植入存在右心衰竭、感染、血液相容性不良事件等植入风险。本文从以下三个方面进行论述:①VAD和全人工心脏;②LVAD植入的有效性;③LVAD植入风险性。

三种方式注射乳腺癌细胞构建的乳腺癌骨转移动物模型对比观察

目的 对比观察经左心室、胫骨骨髓腔和尾动脉注射乳腺癌细胞构建的乳腺癌骨转移动物模型。方法取BALC/c裸小鼠24只,随机分为左心室注射组、胫骨注射组、尾动脉注射组各8只,使用人源性乳腺癌细胞MDAMB-231-luc分别进行左心室注射、胫骨骨髓腔注射、尾动脉注射构建乳腺癌骨转移模型;取BALC/c普通小鼠16只,随机分为胫骨注射组、尾动脉注射组各8只,使用鼠源性乳腺癌细胞4T1-luc分别进行胫骨骨髓腔注射、尾动脉注射构建乳腺癌骨转移模型。采用小动物活体成像技术观察模型建立和骨转移发生情况;取肿瘤组织,采用HE染色法观察病理形态学改变。结果 (1)MDA-MB-231-luc细胞左心室注射组小鼠死亡1只,其他造模方式小鼠全部存活。小动物活体成像及HE染色显示,左心室注射组造模成功率60%左右,裸鼠造模后第20天显示荧光信号散在分布于小鼠全身,少量肿瘤细胞浸入骨组织、骨质破坏较少;胫骨注射组可见双侧胫骨荧光信号,骨质破坏明显、肿瘤细胞呈团状生长;尾动脉注射组显示荧光信号在双侧肺部,未见明显骨转移病灶。(2)4T1-luc细胞注射后小鼠全部存活,造模后第10天活体成像显示两组荧光信号均较强,尾动脉注射组肿瘤细胞定植于双侧股骨以及尾背部,肿瘤细胞包绕骨组织生长,持续侵蚀骨质;胫骨注射组荧光信号显像在双侧胫骨,胫骨浸润大量乳腺癌细胞,并呈外向型生长,形态异常、细胞排列紧密,肿瘤灶可见少量片状骨组织。结论 采用MDA-MB-231-luc细胞、4T1-luc细胞左心室注射、胫骨骨髓腔注射和尾动脉注射造模均能够形成骨转移,但造模成功率、病理状态具有一定差异;胫骨骨髓腔注射法成功率最高,左心室注射法、尾动脉注射法能够早期模拟骨转移过程。

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for a left-sided gallbladder

Cholecystectomy is a common procedure.Abnormalities in the anatomy of the biliary system are common but an abnormal location of the gallbladder is much rarer.Despite frequent pre-operative imaging,the aberrant location of the gallbladder is commonly discovered at surgery.This article presents a case of a patient with the gallbladder located to the left of the falciform ligament in the absence of situs inversus totalis that presented with right upper quadrant pain.A laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed and it was noted that the cystic duct originated from the right side.The presence of a left sided gall bladder is often associated with various biliary,portal venous and other anomalies that might lead to intra-operative injuries.The spectrum of unusual positions and anatomical gallbladder abnormalities is reviewed in order to facilitate elective and emergent cholecystectomy as well as other hepatobiliary procedures.With proper identification of the anatomy,minimally invasive approaches are still considered safe.

Anesthetic management for the patients with cardiac transplant

With the advancement of medical technique and application of the new immunosuppressant agents, cardiac transplantation has become an effective treatment for end-stage heart disease caused by different reasons. The orthotopic procedure has been performed in many countries nowadays. Whether it is successful or not mainly depends on harvesting the denoted heart, operative technique and perioperative management.

A Case Report of Isolated Left Ventricular Non-Compaction Presenting with Congestive Heart Failure and Intramural Thrombus

Isolated left ventricular non-compaction is recently described as a rare form of cardiomyopathy that is associated with a heart failure, life threatening cardiac arrhythmia and thromboembolic complications. The diagnosis is based on echocardiography demonstration of spongy myocardium. Here we report a case of 74 years old female patient diagnosed as an isolated left ventricular non-compaction with congestive heart failure, intramural thrombus and hypertension. There is no specific treatment for LVNC;therapeutic measures are directed towards the patient’s symptom (heart failure, arrhythmia and thrombotic events) and consideration of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator and cardiac transplantation.

血管内支架植入治疗部分肝移植术后流出道狭窄

目的 探讨血管内支架治疗肝移植术后流出道狭窄的适应症、手术时机、操作要领、后续治疗等。方法 总结我院2例左半肝移植术后流出道狭窄患者的诊断和治疗经过,通过股静脉进行肝静脉造影并测压,证实2例患者存在肝静脉-下腔静脉吻合口狭窄,经球囊血管扩张后置入血管内支架。结果 2例患者经血管支架治疗后,肝静脉内压力迅速回降,腹水等症状逐渐消失,肝功能恢复正常。观察6个月,无相关并发症发生,最终解决了肝静脉流出道狭窄的问题。结论 肝移植术后流出道狭窄严重影响患者近期和远期预后,早期诊断、早期干预是治疗肝移植术后流出道狭窄的关键。介入下血管内支架植入是肝移植术后流出道狭窄的有效治疗措施之一,可以一定程度改善患者预后。

体外膜肺氧合在心脏移植术后早期移植物功能障碍中的应用

目的分析体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)在心脏移植术后早期移植物功能障碍(EAD)中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析614例心脏移植受者的临床资料,根据术后是否使用ECMO分为ECMO组(43例)和非ECMO组(571例)。总结ECMO组受者心脏移植术后ECMO支持治疗情况,比较两组受者的围手术期情况和远期预后。结果43例ECMO支持受者中,17例因出血进行开胸探查,10例出现感染,4例出现下肢静脉血栓,1例出现脑卒中。26例受者成功脱离ECMO后康复出院,6例受者ECMO支持期间死亡,6例受者ECMO脱机后死亡,5例受者因无法脱离ECMO而接受再次移植,再次移植后仅1例存活。与非ECMO组比较,ECMO组术中体外循环时间较长,术后需要主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)、肾功能不全需要透析、再次开胸止血、感染、机械通气时间≥96 h和气管切开比例较高,术后重症监护室(ICU)入住时间较长(均为P<0.05)。ECMO组受者出院生存率和90 d生存率分别为63%和96%,低于非ECMO组的97%和100%,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。生存分析结果显示,ECMO组受者的远期生存率低于非ECMO组(P<0.05);当排除心脏移植术后90 d内死亡的受者后,两组之间的远期生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ECMO是治疗心脏移植术后EAD有效的方法。使用ECMO的受者心脏移植术后的早期生存率低于不使用ECMO的受者,而顺利度过心脏移植术后90 d远期生存率差异无统计学意义。

Alternatives to left lateral sector in paediatric liver transplantation-a systematic review on monosegmental and reduced grafts

Background: Paediatric liver transplantation (pLT) is the treatment of choice for many liver conditions. However, it still poses relevant challenges, mainly related to the size of the recipients. Unlike in adults, excessive graft volume might represent an issue when the estimated graft-recipient-weight-ratio (GRWR) is significantly disproportionate. In this situation, the traditional left lateral sector (LLS) grafts are too big and other alternatives are required, such as monosegmental or reduced (including hyper-reduced) grafts (RLLS/HRLLS). Results with conventional LLS-pLT are excellent and replicating them with monosegmental or RLLS is challenging given (I) the technical complexity and (II) the need to overcome the large-for-size scenario. This article is to review the existing experience with monosegmental, RLLS/HRLLS grafts and appraise its results. Methods: Systematic search of the electronic databases, conducted from their inception until May 2020. Results: After scrutiny of the available literature, 16 studies were included reporting 330 patients transplanted with monosegmental and RLLS/HRLLS grafts. There were 10 re-grafts (6 of them <90 days);90% of grafts were LDLT. Overall, median recipient’s age and weight were 7 months (range, 5 days-22 months) and 5.8 kg (range, 2.6-8 kg) respectively. Median graft weight was 209 grams (range, 124-264 grams) and median GRWR was 3.5% (range, 2.7-5.6%). Hepatic artery and portal vein thrombosis overall incidence were 1.5% and 4.2%;120 out of the 330 pLT were monosegmental (37%) producing a smaller graft (median of 164 grams) and accordingly a lower GRWR (median 3.2%) compared to reduced LLS. With a median follow-up of 39 months (range, 6-87 months), the overall graft and patient survival were 84% (285/340) and 89% (295/330). Discussion: Monosegmental and RLLS/HRLLS grafts provide access to liver transplantation for very small recipients with excellent results comparable to the standard LLS.

Percutaneous placement of an IABP in the left axillary/subclavian position provides safe,ambulatory long-term support as bridge to heart transplantation

Objectives We evaluated the feasibility, tolerability, and efficacy of a strategy for percutaneous pump （IABP） placement through the left axillary-subelavian artery to provide mechanical in patients with end-stage heart failure as a bridge to heart transplantation. intra-aortic balloon circulatory support

组织多普勒成像评价急性心肌梗死患者自体骨髓单个核细胞移植心功能

目的应用组织多普勒成像(TDI)技术定量评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后应用自体骨髓单个核细胞(BMMNC)移植后对左心室局部和整体功能的影响。方法分别选取24例男性AMI患者作为试验组及对照组,发病24 h内均接受PCI,试验组患者于术后7～14天内接受冠状动脉内自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植术。所有患者分别于术前、术后1个月、3个月及6个月接受常规超声心动图及TDI检查。常规超声心动图测量左心室射血分数(LVEF),TDI测量二尖瓣瓣环及左心室壁相应梗死部位心肌收缩期峰值速度(Sa、Sm)、舒张早期峰值速度(Ea、Em)、舒张晚期峰值速度(Aa、Am),比较不同时间点两组各指标的差异。结果试验组与对照组术前各项指标差异均无统计学意义。与对照组相比,试验组术后1个月、3个月及6个月Sa、Sm、Em、Ea/Aa及Em/Am均明显提高;术后3个月及6个月LVEF及Ea较对照组提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论联合应用自体BMMNC移植较常规PCI更有助于AMI患者局部及整体收缩、舒张功能的改善;利用TDI可对其进行定量检测。

左胸颈两切口食管癌切除术(附1835例报告)

回顾性分析 183 5例左胸、颈两切口食管癌切除术的临床资料 ,术后痊愈出院 180 6例 ,临床治愈率为98.42 % ,围手术期死亡 2 9例 (1.5 8% )。术后病理证实淋巴结有转移者 765例 ,总转移率为 41.69% ,分组标记证实颈、胸、腹三组淋巴结转移率分别为 4.63 % (85 /183 5 )、41.5 2 % (762 /183 5 )、19.2 9% (3 5 4/183 5 ) ,残端癌发生率为 1.63 % (3 0 /183 5 ) ,术后 EKG异常者较术前增加 2 0 .11% (186/183 5 ) ,其他并发症发生率为 15 .75 % (2 89/183 5 )。表明左胸、左颈两切口食管癌切除术具有食管癌病灶切除彻底、残端癌发生率低、严重并发症少、近期疗效好等优点。

自体骨髓间质干细胞移植治疗扩张型心肌病的实验研究

目的观察扩张型心肌病（DCM）心肌组织自体骨髓间质干细胞（ABMMSCs）移植，对心脏功能的影响。方法40只日本大耳白兔，随机分成对照组（n=10）与实验组，无菌条件下于髂骨处抽取骨髓6ml，分离ABMMSCs后冻存。实验组动物耳缘静脉注射阿霉素复制DCM模型，8周后再分为移植组（n=15）和非移植组（n=15）。3组动物均做开胸手术，对照组开胸后不做任何处理，移植组左心室前壁注射ABMMSCs，非移植组注射细胞培养液。移植后4周，超声心动及左心导管测定心脏功能，心肌组织HE染色及双重免疫组化分析。结果超声心动显示，细胞移植前，左室射血分数（EF）、左室壁收缩末期厚度（LVWTs）、左室壁舒张末期厚度（LVWTe）、左室收缩末期内径（Ds）、左室舒张末期内径（Dd）、心室率（HR）组间比较，差异有统计学意义（F=5．026、3．879、4．472、3．582、3．952、3．378，P〈0．05）；EF、LVWTs、LVWTe，移植组和非移植组与对照组相比，明显减小（P〈0．05），Ds、Dd、HR则明显增加（P〈0．05）。细胞移植后，EF、LVWTs、LVWTe、Ds、Dd、HR组间比较，差异有统计学意义（F=4．487、4．014、4．593、3．425、3．716、3．495，P〈0．05）。EF、LVWTs、LVWTe，移植组较非移植组明显增加（P〈0．05），但仍低于对照组（P〈0．05）；而Ds、Dd、HR，移植组虽明显低于非移植组，但仍高于对照组（P〈0．05）。左心导管检查显示，移植后，Ps、Pd、＋dp／dt max、HR组间比较，差异有统计学意义（F=4．406、4．918、10．858、3．824，P〈0．05）。两两比较Ps、＋dp／dt max，移植组明显高于非移植组（P〈0．05），但低于对照组（P〈0．05）；Pd、HR移植组低于非移植组（P〈0．05），但高于对照组（P〈0．05）。移植组的心肌组织内可见抗5-溴脱氧尿苷（BrdU）染色阳性的细胞，这些细胞同时抗肌动蛋白（actin）染色及抗钙黏附因子（N—cadherin）染色阳性。结论利用阿霉素可以复制扩张型心肌病动物模型，自体骨髓间质干细胞移植可以改善扩张型心肌病的心脏功能．而且移植后在心肌组织内发生了心肌源性的转化。