The influence of pressure injury risk on the association between left ventricular ejection fraction and all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction 80 years or older

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate whether the pressure injury risk mediates the association of left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) with all-cause death in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) aged 80 years or older.METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 677 patients with AMI aged 80 years or older from a tertiary-level hospital. Pressure injury risk was assessed using the Braden scale at admission, and three risk groups(low/minimal, intermediate, high) were defined according to the overall score of six different variables. LVEF was measured during the index hospitalization for AMI. All-cause death after hospital discharge was the primary outcome.RESULTS: Over a median follow-up period of 1,176 d(interquartile range [IQR], 722–1,900 d), 226(33.4%) patients died. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that reduced LVEF was associated with an increased risk of all-cause death only in the high-risk group of pressure injury(adjusted hazard ratios [HR]=1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–3.20;P=0.040), but not in the low/minimal-(adjusted HR=1.29, 95%CI: 0.80–2.11;P=0.299) or intermediate-risk groups(adjusted HR=1.14, 95%CI: 0.65–2.02;P=0.651). Significant interactions were detected between pressure injury risk and LVEF(adjusted P=0.003). The cubic spline with hazard ratio plot revealed a distinct shaped curve relation between LVEF and all-cause death among different pressure injury risk groups.CONCLUSIONS: In older patients with AMI, the risk of pressure injury mediated the association between LVEF and all-cause death. The classification of older patients for both therapy and prognosis assessment appears to be improved by the incorporation of pressure injury risk assessment into AMI care management.

Value of clinical applications of differential pressure and relative pressure imaging in the left ventricle

Regional pressure differences between sites within the left ventricular cavity have long been identified,and the potential clinical value of diastolic and systolic intraventricular pressure differences(IVPDs)is of increasing interest.This study concluded that the IVPD plays an important role in ventricular filling and emptying and is a reliable indicator of ventricular relaxation,elastic recoil,diastolic pumping,and effective left ventricular filling.Relative pressure imaging,as a novel and potentially clinically applicable measure of left IVPDs,enables early and more comprehensive identification of the temporal and spatial characteristics of IVPD.In the future,as research related to relative pressure imaging continues,this measurement method has the possibility to become more refined and serve as an additional clinical aid that can replace the gold standard cardiac catheterization technique for the diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction.

Combined Effects of Blood Pressure and Aldosterone on Cardiac Left Ventricular Mass Index—Ethnic Differences between Kazakh, Uygur and Han Subjects

Previous Background: Hemodynamic factors, like blood pressure, have been established to be major determinants of cardiac left ventricular structure. However, several factors other than blood pressure to influence cardiac mass have been implicated. When we did medical survey, cardiac left ventricular mass index (LVMI) of one ethnic group that had higher blood pressure was found to be smaller than that of the other ethnic groups with a lower blood pressure. Such contradicted data from the present study were analyzed combining blood pressure, LVMI and chemical parameters obtained from blood and urine. Methods: In a medical survey conducted in Xinjiang, China, 279 people (65 - 70 years old) from three ethnic groups (Kazakh, Uygur and Han) from two separated regions provided blood and urine samples and underwent echocardiography and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure obtained from ABPM and urinary sodium excretion values were significantly higher in Kazakh than that in Uygur and Han. However, LVMI in Kazakh was lower than that in other 2 groups. Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and plasma renin activity (PRA) were significantly lowest in Kazakh. The values of LVMI in all ethnic groups were positively related to both blood pressure and PAC. An inverse correlation was identified between PAC and urinary sodium excretion value. Conclusion: Although higher blood pressure in Kazakh subjects, their LVMI was lower than those of Uygur and Han, whose blood pressure was lower than that in Kazakh. These results suggest that blood pressure is not always a determinant for LVMI value. There is a possibility that relatively lower PAC resulted from higher sodium intake suppressed the rise in LVMI caused by higher blood pressure in Kazakh.

Left ventricular hypertrophy in relation to systolic blood pressure and the angiotensin converting enzyme I/D polymorphism in Chinese

Objective There is little population-based data on the prevalence and the environmental or genetic determinants of left ventricular hypertrophy （LVH） in China. The purpose of this paper is to study LVH in relation to systolic blood pressure and the angiotensin converting enzyme （ACE） insertion/deletion（I/D） polymorphism in Chinese. Methods We recorded 12- lead ECG （CardioSoft, v4.2） in 1365 residents in the Jingning County, Zhejiang Province, China. LVH was defined according to the gender-specific Sokolow-Lyon and Cornell product ECG criteria. Results Regardless of whether the Sokolow-Lyon or Cornell product ECG criteria was used, the prevalence of LVH （20.7% and 4.8%, respectively） significantly （P〈0.0001） increased with male gender （odds ratio [OR] 2.33 and 7.15） and systolic blood pressure （per 10 mm Hg increase, OR 1.46 and 1.33）. If the Sokolow-Lyon criteria was used, the prevalence of LVH was also influenced by alcohol intake （OR 1.44, P=-0.03） and body mass index （OR 0.83, P=0.0005）. The association between the Sokolow-Lyon voltage amplitude and the ACE I/D polymorphism was dependent on antihypertensive therapy （P=0.01）. In 1262 untreated subjects, but not 103 patients on antihypertensive medication, the ACE DD compared with II subjects had significantly higher Sokolow-Lyon voltage amplitudes （29.8：-0.6 vs. 28.0-3：0.5 mV, P=-0.02） and higher risk of LVH （OR 1.74, 95% CI： 1.12-2.69, P=-0.01）. Conclusion LVH is prevalent in Chinese, and is associated with systolic blood pressure and the ACE D allele. The genetic association might be modulated by antihypertensive therapy（J Geriatr Cardio12009; 6：131-136）.

The Correlation between Morning Blood Pressure Surge, Homocysteine and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Elderly Patients with Primary Hypertension

Objective: To investigate the correlation between morning blood pressure surge, homocysteine (Hcy) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in elderly patients with primary hypertension. Method: 215 cases of patients with hypertension from January 2015 to June 2016 were randomly selected from TianYou Hospital attached to WUST.Blood pressure was monitored 24 hours;according to the results, patients were divided into 81 cases of morning blood pressure surge group (study group) and 134 cases of non-morning blood pressure surge group (control group). Biochemical indicators of the two groups were measured, such as Hcy, Glu, blood lipid (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C). The ventricular structure index (IVST, LVDD, LVPWT, LVMI) were measured by color doppler ultrasound.Result: 1) The IVST, LVDD, LVPWT and LVMI were significantly higher in study group than in control group (P 0.05), and the incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (74.1%) was significantly higher in study group than in control group (22.4%) (P 0.05). 2) There was no statistical difference in TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C between the two groups (P > 0.05). The serum levels of Hcy [(16.89 ± 5.84) mmol/L] in study group were significantly higher than those in control group [(10.88 ± 4.07) mmol/L] (P 0.05). 3) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that morning blood pressure surge and Hcy were the risk factors of left ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusion: In elderly patients with?hypertension, the higher the morning blood pressure surge and Hcy level, the more probability of left ventricular hypertrophy and the more obvious degree.

Prognostic value of the echocardiographic right/left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ratio in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension

Background Previous studies have shown that an echocardiographic right/left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ratio(RV/LV ratio)≥0.9 is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. The prognostic value of the RV/LV ratio in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension(IPAH) is still unknown. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 95 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed IPAH and 16 of them were reevaluated by echocardiography at 3-12 months following targeted therapy.Follow-up data were obtained by telephone interviews and review of the patients’ records.Results The RV/LV ratio was in parallel with the severity of World Health Orgnization(WHO) functional class and mean right atrial pressure.The RV/LV ratio was positively correlated with total pulmonary resistance(P P P 2 saturation(P P = 0.001),weight and absence of targeted therapy were independent predictors of death.No significant changes in the RV/LV ratio before and after targeted therapy were observed. A baseline RV/LV ratio≥0.84 or a further increase in the RV/LV ratio during targeted therapy indicated a poor prognosis. Conclusions The RV/LV ratio helps to assess the severity of IPAH and serves as an independent predictor of prognosis in patients with IPAH.

The Initial Tangent of the Femoral Arterial Pressure Increase Is an Estimate of Left Ventricular Contractility in Patients Undergoing Cardiacsurgery

Purpose: Assessment of contractile function is a major challenge in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, especially during cardiac surgery. The initial tangent of the femoral arterial pressure increase (tanin) has recently been described to be an estimate of left ventricular (LV) contractility. To confirm these findings tanin was compared to various indices of LV performance in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: Data from 17 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Myocardial performance was estimated by the echocardiographic indices ejection fraction (EF), shortening fraction (FS), circumferential fiber shortening velocity (Vcf), the parameters of pulse contour analysis area under the curve (AUC) and tanin. Measurements were taken before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Results: Tanin increased significantly (813 ± 216 mmHg/s vs. 1490 ± 450 mmHg/s, p < 0.05) after CPB, as well as Vcf (0.89 ± 0.14 circ/s vs. 1.47 ± 0.27 circ/s, p < 0.05) and EF (65% ± 7% vs. 74% ± 6%, p < 0.05). FS did not change (40.7% ± 7% vs. 46.5% ± 5%, p = 0.30). AUC significantly dropped after CPB (435 ± 54 mmHg*s vs. 263 ± 27 mmHg*s). Tanin and Vcf correlated strongly (r = 0.70, p < 0.001), while tanin showed only weak correlation with EF (r = 0.36, p = 0.037). There was no significant correlation with FS (r = 0.31, p = 0.079). Tanin and AUC correlated inversely (r = -0.62, p < 0.001). Conclusions: While showing little or no correlation with EF and FS respectively, tanin correlated well with the less preload-dependent parameter Vcf, thus suggesting that tanin may be used as an easily accessible estimate of LV contractility during cardiac surgery.

Contribution of Ambulatory Pulsed Pressure in the Modification of the Left Ventricular Geometry of the African Black People

Introduction-Purpose: Pulsed pressure is recognized as an important predictor of cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this study was to identify a possible association between high ambulatory pulsed pressure and left ventricular geometry change in African black people. Material and methods: We conducted a bicentric, retrospective descriptive and analytical study that took place from 2010 to 2015 at the Abidjan Heart Institute and the Polyclinic Sainte Anne Marie in Abidjan. The people were selected from MAPA’s archive files. Those aged 18 years and over were included, all of whom had valid echocardiography and MAPA. The analyzed parameters concerned epidemiological data with age, gender and body surface area. The clinical data analyzed included systolic, diastolic, mean and 24-hours pulsed pressures. On the echocardiographic parameters, it was the evaluation of the ventricular mass indexed to the body surface. Results: A total of 177 patients records were selected. The mean age of the patients was 56.32 ± 10.51 years. There was a male predominance with a sex ratio of 1.15. The main cardiovascular risk factors found outside high blood pressure were dyslipidemia (06.87%) and obesity (13.7%). In clinical terms, hypertension was found in 75% of cases (n = 133) versus 25% (n = 44) of normotensive patients. These blood pressure profiles allowed us to classify our study population into two groups: hypertensives people and normotensives people. The hypertensives people had significantly higher mean pulsed pressure levels than the normotensives people. All normotensive patients had normal pulsed pressure. In the hypertensive population, the prevalence of high pulsed pressure was 31% (n = 41) versus 69% (n = 92) normal pulsed pressure. Concerning the relationship between 24 hour ambulatory pulsed pressure and left ventricular mass, hypertensives patients with a high ambulatory pulsed pressure had a significantly higher average indexed ventricular mass than the opposite groups (p = 0.039). Their ejection fraction was significantly lower than those of the opposite populations (p = 0.000). On the analysis of the correlation between the left ventricular mass and the tension profile, we noted in our series, a strong and significant correlation (r = 0.6342;p = 0.0000) between pulsed pressure and the ventricular geometry change. Conclusion: High ambulatory pulsed pressure remains an independent factor of change in left ventricular geometry in black people.

Interaction between the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular strain and its relationship with coronary stenosis

BACKGROUND Coronary artery stenosis(CAS)is the most common type of heart disease and the leading cause of death in both men and women globally.CAS occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle harden and become narrower due to plaque buildup-cholesterol and other material-on their inner walls.As a result,the heart muscle cannot receive the blood or oxygen it needs.Most heart attacks happen when a blood clot suddenly cuts off the hearts'blood supply,causing permanent heart damage.AIM To analyze the relationship between the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular strain(LVS),and coronary stenosis.METHODS A total of 190 participants were enrolled in this trail.The control group comprised 93 healthy individuals,and observation group comprised 97 patients with coronary heart disease who were hospitalized between July 2020 and September 2021.Coronary lesions were assessed using the Gensini score,and the LVEF and LVS were measured using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The interaction between the LVEF and LVS was examined using a linear regression model.The relationship between LVEF and coronary stenosis was examined using Spearman’s correlation.RESULTS The LVEF of the observation group was lower than that of the control group.The left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV)and left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV)of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The longitudinal and circumferential strains(LS,CS)of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group;however,the radial strain(RS)of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).LVS,LS,and CS were significantly negatively correlated with the LVEF,and RS was positively correlated with the LVEF.There were significant differences in the LVEF,LVESV,and LVEDV of patients with different Gensini scores;the LVEF significantly decreased and the LVESV and LVEDV increased with increasing Gensini scores(P<0.05).In the observation group,the LVEF was negatively correlated and the LVESV and LVEDV were positively correlated with coronary stenosis(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The LVEF measured using MRI is significantly linearly correlated with LVS and negatively correlated with coronary stenosis.

Carvedilol suppresses ventricular arrhythmia in a pressure over-load rabbit model through relieving transmural dispersion of repolarization with long-term administration

Objective： To investigate the effects of carvedilol （CVD） on transmural dispersion of repolarization（TDR） and arrhythmia in pressure over-load rabbits. Methods： Left ventricular hypertrophied（LVH） rabbit models were established by pressure over-load; All animal models were assigned into CVD group or LVH group randomly. The action potentials of endocardium, cpicardium and transmural ECG of arterially perfused left ventricular preparations were recorded concurrently. Action potential duration （APD）, TDR, ventricular arrhythmia and ultrasonic parameters, ratio of LVM to body weight （LVMI） were compared correspondingly. The stable plasma concentration of carvedilol in CVD group was detected by HPLC. APD, TDR and arrhythmia of LVH models were compared just preor post-perfusion with stable concentration of CVD. Results： In Contrast with values in LVH group, LVEFof CVD group were significantly elevated while the LVMI was remarkably reduced, TDRs were significantly shortened, and ratio of ventricular arrhythmia was lowered remarkably. No significant difference of APD, TDR and ratio of arrhythmia was found preor post-perfusion at stable plasma concentration of CVD. Conclusion： CVD can ameliorate the structure and function of pressure over-load ventricles; CVD contributes to the improvement of ventricular arrhythmia associated with its long-term effect on APD,TDR shortening ,whereas has nothing to do with its transient function on ionic channel blockade

Diagnosis and treatment of heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction

Nearly six million people in United States have heart failure.Fifty percent of these people have normal left ventricular(LV)systolic heart function but abnormal diastolic function due to increased LV myocardial stiffness.Most commonly,these patients are elderly women with hypertension,ischemic heart disease,atrial fibrillation,obesity,diabetes mellitus,renal disease,or obstructive lung disease.The annual mortality rate of these patients is 8%-12%per year.The diagnosis is based on the history,physical examination,laboratory data,echocardiography,and,when necessary,by cardiac catheterization.Patients with obesity,hypertension,atrial fibrillation,and volume overload require weight reduction,an exercise program,aggressive control of blood pressure and heart rate,and diuretics.Miniature devices inserted into patients for pulmonary artery pressure monitoring provide early warning of increased pulmonary pressure and congestion.If significant coronary heart disease is present,coronary revascularization should be considered.

Ambulatory pulmonary artery pressure monitoring in advanced heart failure patients

Heart failure (HF) is an emerging epidemic associate with significant morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure. Although there were major advances in pharmacologic and device based therapies for the management of HF, mortality of this condition remains high. Accurate monitoring of HF patients for exacerbations is very important to reduce recurrent hospitalizations and its associated complications. With the failure of clinical signs, tele-monitoring, and laboratory bio-markers to function as early markers of HF exacerbations, more sophisticated techniques were sought to accurately predict the circulatory status in HF patients in order to execute timely pharmacological intervention to reduce frequent hospitalizations. CardioMEMSTM (St. Jude Medical, Inc., Saint Paul, Minnesota) is an implantable, wireless pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) monitoring system which transmits the patient’s continuous PAPs to the treating health care provider in the ambulatory setting. PAP-guided medical therapy modification has been shown to significantly reduce HF-related hospitalization and overall mortality. In advanced stages of HF, wireless access to hemodynamic information correlated with earlier left ventricular assist device implantation and shorter time to heart transplantation.

Is hepatic steatosis associated with left ventricular mass index increase in the general population?

AIM To investigate the association between hepatic steatosis and change in left ventricular mass index(LVMI) over five years, and examine whether systolic and diastolic blood pressures are mediators of the association between hepatic steatosis and LVMI using a general population sample.METHODS We analyzed data from the Study of Health in Pomerania. The study population comprised 1298individuals aged 45 to 81 years. Hepatic steatosis was defined as the presence of a hyperechogenic pattern of the liver together with elevated serum alanine transferase levels. Left ventricular mass was determined echocardiographically and indexed to height2.7. Path analyses were conducted to differentiate direct and indirect paths from hepatic steatosis to LVMI encompassing systolic and diastolic blood pressure as potential mediating variables.RESULTS Hepatic steatosis was a significant predictor for all measured echocardiographic characteristics at baseline. Path analyses revealed that the association of hepatic steatosis with LVMI change after five years was negligibly small(β =-0.12, s.e. = 0.21, P = 0.55). Systolic blood pressure at baseline was inversely associated with LVMI change(β =-0.09, s.e. = 0.03, P < 0.01), while no association between diastolic blood pressure at baseline and LVMI change was evident(β = 0.03, s.e. = 0.05, P = 0.56). The effect of the indirect path from hepatic steatosis to LVMI via systolic baseline blood pressure was small(β =-0.20, s.e. = 0.10, P = 0.07). No indirect effect was observed for the path via diastolic baseline blood pressure(β = 0.03, s.e. = 0.06, P = 0.60). Similar associations were observed in the subgroup of individuals not receiving beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or drugs acting on the reninangiotensin system.CONCLUSION Baseline associations between hepatic steatosis and LVMI do not extend to associations with LVMI change after five years. More studies are needed to study the longitudinal effects of hepatic steatosis on LVMI.

左室压力-应变环评估终末期肾病透析患者左室收缩功能的临床价值

目的探讨左室压力-应变环(LV-PSL)评估终末期肾病血液透析和腹膜透析患者左室收缩功能的临床应用价值。方法选取于我院就诊的79例慢性肾脏病5期患者,其中血液透析组29例、腹膜透析组27例及未透析组23例,均行常规超声心动图检查并获取相关参数,应用自动心肌功能成像分析软件获取左室整体纵向应变(GLS)及心肌做功指数(MWI),包括整体做功指数(GWI)、整体有效功(GCW)、整体无效功(GWW)、整体做功效率(GWE),比较各组上述参数的差异。分析MWI与常规超声心动图参数、GLS、血压、透析时间、透析方式的相关性。结果各组常规超声心动图参数和GLS比较差异均无统计学意义。血液透析组GWI、GCW均低于腹膜透析组和未透析组,GWW高于腹膜透析组和未透析组,GWE低于腹膜透析组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,GWI、GCW与GLS、左室射血分数(LVEF)、收缩压、舒张压均呈正相关,与室间隔厚度(IVS)、透析时间、透析方式均呈负相关(均P<0.05);GWW与透析方式呈正相关,与GLS呈负相关(均P<0.05);GWE与GLS、LVEF均呈正相关,与IVS、左室后壁厚度、透析方式均呈负相关(均P<0.05)。结论血液透析对终末期肾病患者左室收缩功能的影响较腹膜透析更大,LV-PSL能准确评估该类患者左室收缩功能,具有较好的临床应用价值。

分层应变技术联合左心室压力-应变环对儿童胸部霍奇金淋巴瘤放疗后心肌损伤的评估价值

目的 分析采用分层应变技术和左心室压力-应变环(PSL)对胸部霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)患儿放疗后心肌损伤的评估价值。方法 抽取2020年1月至2022年12月河南省肿瘤医院接受放疗的胸部HL患儿52例,所有患儿均在放疗前进行PSL及分层应变技术检查,并于放疗后进行心肌标志物与影像学检查,统计儿童放疗后心肌损伤发生情况,并根据结果分为心肌损伤组与非心肌损伤组。比较心肌损伤组与非心肌损伤组患者的PSL检测参数[做功指数(GWI)、整体有用功(GCW)、整体无用功(GWW)、整体做功效率(GWE)]、分层应变技术检测参数[心外膜层收缩期纵向峰值应变(LPS-epi)、中层纵向收缩期峰值应变(LPS-mid)、心内膜层纵向收缩期峰值应变(LPS-endo)],采用点二列相关性分析PSL与分层应变技术检查与胸部HL患儿放疗后心肌损伤的相关性,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析分层应变技术联合PSL对患儿放疗后心肌损伤的评估价值。结果 经过检查后发现,52例胸部HL患儿中出现心肌损伤占比61.54%,未出现占比38.46%;心肌损伤组GWI、GCW、GWW与GWE低于非心肌损伤组(P<0.05);心肌损伤组LPS-epi、LPS-mid与LPS-endo高于非心肌损伤组(P<0.05);经点二列相关性分析显示,GWI、GCW、GWW、GWE与胸部HL患儿放疗后心肌损伤呈负相关(r<0,P<0.05),LPS-epi、LPS-mid、LPS-endo与胸部HL患儿放疗后心肌损伤呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05);绘制ROC曲线,结果显示,分层应变技术联合PSL对胸部HL患儿放疗后心肌损伤发生的曲线下面积>0.7,联合具有一定的评估价值。结论 分层应变技术联合PSL在胸部HL患儿放疗后心肌损伤情况中具有重要的临床评估价值,能够有效评估患儿心肌损伤情况,为临床患儿的防治提供依据。

左室压力-应变环定量评估甲状腺功能亢进患者左室心肌做功改变的应用价值

目的 探讨左室压力-应变环(left ventricular pressure-strain loop,LV-PSL)定量评估甲状腺功能亢进患者左室心肌做功改变的应用价值。方法 选取2021年8月—2023年8月在南宁市第二人民医院45例确诊为甲状腺功能亢进的患者为研究对象,根据甲亢程度分为A组(临床甲亢,n=33)与B组(亚临床甲亢,n=12),同期选取健康人群45名作为对照(C组)。收集患者一般资料,应用LVPSL技术获取整体纵向应变(global longitudinal strain,GLS)、整体做功指数(global myocardial work index,GWI)、整体有用功(globalmyocardialconstructivework,GCW)、整体无用功(globalmyocardial wasted work,GWW)及整体做功效率(global myocardial work efficiency,GWE),比较三组间上述参数的差异、血清甲状腺功能指标[促甲状腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)、游离甲状腺素(free thyroxine,FT4)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(free triiodothyronine,FT3)]、常规超声心动图指标[左心房内径(left atrial dimension,LAD)、左室后壁厚度(left ventricular posterior wall,LVPW)、舒张末期室间隔厚度(interventricular septal thickness at diastole,IVSD)、左心室舒张末期容积(left ventricular end diastolic volume,LVEDV)、左室收缩末期容积(left ventricular end systolic volume,LVESV)、左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fractions,LVEF)]。结果 A组TSH[(0.19±0.06)mIU/L]和B组TSH[(0.23±0.02)mIU/L]均低于C组[(2.08±0.36)mIU/L];A组FT4[(25.15±2.18)pmol/L]、FT3[(9.19±1.24)pmol/L]和B组FT4[(20.48±1.98)pmol/L]、FT3[(6.14±0.93)pmol/L]均高于C组FT4[(14.25±1.57)pmol/L]、FT3[(3.14±1.01)pmol/L],差异有统计学意义(F=612.913、304.926、290.891,P均<0.05)。A组和B组甲亢患者与C组的各项常规超声心动图指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。A组和B组的GLS、GWI、GCW、GWE均低于C组,GWW高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 LV-PSL可以定量评估甲状腺功能亢进患者的心肌功能改变,不同类型的甲状腺功能亢进患者的甲状腺激素水平存在一定的差异,有利于临床对于甲状腺功能亢进类型的辨别。

高血压患者短期血压变异与左室舒张功能的相关性分析

目的探讨原发性高血压患者血压变异与左室舒张功能的关系。方法对2021年10月至2022年1月我院门诊138例初诊原发性高血压患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据超声心动图测量平均E/e′结果分两组(舒张功能正常组E/e′<14、舒张功能降低组E/e′≥14),比较两组间24 h动态血压指标结果(血压变异以血压变异系数、平均收缩压及舒张压标准差表示),分析左室舒张功能与血压变异指标及临床生化指标的相关性。结果左室舒张功能降低组患者的24 h收缩压变异系数(24hSBPCV)、24 h收缩压标准差(24hSBPSD)、24 h舒张压变异系数(24hDBPCV)、日间收缩压变异系数(dSBPCV)、日间舒张压变异系数(dDBPCV)、日间收缩压标准差(dSBPSD)、24 h收缩压平均水平(24hSBP)、夜间收缩压平均水平(nSBP)均高于舒张功能正常组,24hDBP、dDBP及nDBP低于舒张功能正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关性分析提示:24hSBPCV、24hSBPSD、dSBPCV、dSBPSD、24hSBP、nSBP、年龄均与E/e′呈正相关(r=0.136、0.182、0.170、0.205、0.195、0.322、0.568,P=0.032、0.004、0.007、0.001、0.022、0.000、0.000);24hDBP、dDBP及nDBP均与E/e′呈负相关(r=-0.322、-0.334、-0.198,P=0.000、0.000、0.020);Logistic回归分析显示:dSBPSD及年龄是左室舒张功能的独立影响因素[OR=3.062(1.314~7.133)、1.094(1.058~1.132)]。结论原发性高血压患者短期血压变异及年龄是左室舒张功能的影响因素。

新型无植入心房分流导管单中心安全性及有效性研究

目的初步评估基于射频切割的新型无植入心房分流导管用于治疗慢性心力衰竭(心衰)的安全性和有效性。方法本研究为前瞻性单组研究。2023年1—12月于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院连续入选5例符合标准的心衰患者,采用深圳佰特威心房分流导管行心房分流术。术前及术后即刻行右心导管测量肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP)、右心房压(RAP)、肺动脉压(PAP)、全肺阻力(TPR)、肺血管阻力(PVR)及肺/体循环血流量比(Qp/Qs);术后对患者进行90 d随访,完善超声心动图、右心导管检查及心脏功能学评价指标。研究主要终点为手术成功;次要终点包括术后90 d临床成功、超声心动图变化、6 min步行距离(6MWD)变化、纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能分级变化、堪萨斯城心肌病问卷调查(KCCQ)评分变化及N末端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平变化。安全性终点为术后90 d主要不良心脑血管事件及器械相关不良事件。结果5例患者均成功实现左心房向右心房分流。与术前相比,5例患者术后即刻PCWP均明显下降,手术成功率100%,术前和术后即刻RAP、PAP、TPR和PVR无明显变化。随访90 d后,4例患者存在持续的左心房向右心房分流,且PCWP较基线明显减低,临床成功率80%。与术前相比,5例患者术后90 d左心室射血分数均有所升高,左心室舒张末期容积均有所降低,三尖瓣瓣环收缩期位移、右心室面积变化分数无明显受损;KCCQ评分、6MWD均有所提高,NT-proBNP水平均有所下降,NYHA心功能分级无明显变化。随访期内无死亡,无心衰再住院,无脑卒中相关不良事件,无器械相关不良事件。结论新型无植入心房分流导管可安全有效地改善心衰患者血流动力学、超声心动图及心脏功能学评价指标,未来仍需更大规模的临床研究验证其临床长期有效性。

心房分流术应用于射血分数降低的心力衰竭患者的探索性研究

目的:探索心房分流术对射血分数降低的心力衰竭(HFrEF)患者心功能和临床预后的影响。方法:本研究为前瞻性单组研究,连续入选2021年12月至2022年12月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院采用D-Shant心房分流器行心房分流术的15例HFrEF患者。术前及术后即刻行右心导管测量肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP)、右心房平均压(RAP)、跨房间隔梯度压差、肺动脉平均压、全肺阻力(TPR)、肺血管阻力(PVR)、心脏指数(CI)及肺循环血流量/体循环血流量(Qp/Qs);术后对患者进行12个月随访,采用超声心动图评估患者心脏结构和功能变化,采用NYHA心功能分级、6分钟步行距离(6MWD)、堪萨斯城心肌病问卷(KCCQ)评分评估患者心功能,收集患者全因死亡、心力衰竭再住院以及器械相关不良事件等信息。结果:所有患者均成功接受心房分流术。与术前相比,术后即刻患者的PCWP、跨房间隔梯度压差、TPR均显著下降,Qp/Qs显著升高(P均<0.01),肺动脉平均压、RAP、PVR和CI的差异均无统计学意义(P均>005)。术后即刻与术后12个月的心房分流器分流孔径、分流速度及分流压差差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。与术前相比,术后12个月患者的左心室射血分数显著升高,NYHA心功能分级改善,KCCQ评分增高,6MWD>450 m的患者例数增加,N末端B型利钠肽原水平显著下降(P均<0.05),右心房内径、右心室面积变化率的差异均无统计学意义(P均>005)。12个月随访期内无患者死亡,无器械相关不良事件,2例患者因心力衰竭再住院。结论:小样本探索性研究表明心房分流术可有效改善HFrEF患者的血液动力学指标,随访12个月时患者心功能明显改善。

甘油三酯-葡萄糖乘积指数与女性非糖尿病高血压左心室肥厚的相关性探讨

目的:探讨女性非糖尿病高血压患者甘油三酯-葡萄糖乘积(TyG)指数与左心室肥厚(LVH)的相关性。方法:回顾分析133名女性非糖尿病高血压患者,采用Pearson相关性分析与左室质量指数(LVMI)相关的因素,通过二元logistic回归分析获得LVH的影响因素,并通过ROC曲线分析TyG指数预测LVH的最佳截断值以及灵敏度和特异度。结果:在女性非糖尿病高血压患者中,与TyG指数低值组比较,TyG指数高值组其LVMI也较高。Pearson相关性分析发现LVMI与TyG指数、收缩压及夜间舒张压呈正相关(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,TyG指数和夜间收缩压是LVH的预测因素(OR=3.486,95%CI:1.417~8.577;OR=1.048,95%CI:1.019~1.077)。TyG指数与夜间收缩压联合预测LVH的AUC为0.75(95%CI:0.659~0.847),灵敏度为64.7%,特异度为76.8%。结论:在女性非糖尿病高血压患者中,TyG指数和夜间收缩压与左室质量指数呈正相关,可以作为左心室肥厚的预测因子。