Propagation of Airy beams from right-handed material to left-handed material

Based on the ABCD matrix formalism,the propagation property of an Airy beam from right-handed material（RHM） to left-handed material（LHM） is investigated.The result shows that when the Airy beam propagates in the LHM,the intensity self-bending due to its propagation in the RHM can be compensated.In particular,if the propagation distance in the RHM is equal to that in the LHM and the refractive index of the LHM is n L =-1,the transverse intensity distribution of the Airy beam can return to its original state.

（3＋1）-dimensional nonlinear propagation equation for ultrashort pulsed beam in left-handed material

In this paper a comprehensive framework for treating the nonlinear propagation of ultrashort pulse in metamaterial with dispersive dielectric susceptibility and magnetic permeability is presented. Under the slowly-evolving-wave approximation, a generalized （3＋1）-dimensional wave equation first order in the propagation coordinate and suitable for both right-handed material （I^HM） and left-handed material （LHM） is derived. By the commonly used Drude dispersive model for LHM, a （3＋1）-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation describing ultrashort pulsed beam propagation in LHM is obtained, and its difference from that for conventional RHM is discussed. Particularly, the self-steeping effect of ultrashort pulse is found to be anomalous in LHM.

TM modes in asymmetric slab waveguides with left-handed material

Three-layer slab waveguide with left-handed materials （LHM） is discussed using the Maxwell＇s equations and their equations of dispersion relation for TM modes are obtained. By seeking the power of the slab waveguide, their equations of effective thickness for TM modes are obtained. Furthermore, the interrelated equations for right-handed materials （RHM） slab waveguide are introduced and their curves plotted. To find new properties for LHM slab waveguide, the equations and their curves for the LHM and RHM slab waveguide are compared respectively.

Wide-band circular polarization-keeping reflection mediated by metasurface

In this paper, we show that circular polarization-keeping reflection can be achieved using reflective metasurfaces. The underlying physical mechanism of the polarization-keeping reflection is analyzed using a reflection matrix. A wideband circular polarization-keeping reflector is demonstrated using N-shaped resonators. Both the simulation and experiment results show that the polarization-keeping reflection can be achieved with a high efficiency larger than 98% over the frequency range from 9.2 GHz to 17.7 GHz for both incident left- and right-handed circularly polarized waves. Under oblique incidence, the bandwidth increases as the incident angle varies from 0°to 80°. Moreover, the co-polarization reflection is independent of the incident azimuth angles.

Bragg reflectors based on alternate RHTL-LHTL structures

New types of Bragg reflectors, multilayered periodic structures, based on alternating left-handed transmission line (LHTL) and right-handed transmission line (RHTL) are proposed. These new structures based on ideal microstrip TLs and L-C lumped elements, are designed and analyzed. We report on unusual narrow transmission bands in such kind of structures. In such multilayered structures both Bragg reflectance and the Fabry-Perot resonance exist and the phenomenon of unusual transmission is a result of competition between these two transmission effects, in which the Fabry-Perot resonance is dominant. According to our simulation results we find that this unusual transmission property exits no matter if the electrical length of the LHTL layer cancels the electrical length of the RHTL layer or not.

Modeling and Analysis of Ladder-Network Transmission Lines with Capacitive and Inductive Lumped Elements

This paper examines the properties of wave propagation in transmission lines with periodic LC and CL cells, taking into account ohmic losses in resistors connected in series to lumped capacitors and inductors. First order time differential equations are derived for current and charge, thus allowing analysis of transient regimes of the lines being excited by a pulse of arbitrary shape. In particular we examine the propagation characteristics of periodic lines in which identical unit cells are repeated periodically and also discuss the interpretation of positive and negative phase velocities associated with the LC and CL topologies. Loss effects on the propagation bandwidths of both lines are also discussed, and it is shown that in the left-handed transmission line (CL configuration) the phase advance of the crest of the transmitted signal with respect to the source signal is due to the intrinsic dispersive nature of the CL line which, in contrast to the LC line, is highly dispersive at low propagation factors.

Spin Forms and Spin Interactions among Higgs Bosons, between Higgs Boson and Graviton

This paper offers concrete spin matrix forms of 0h spin zero particle, and shows the existent of the spin interactions among 0h spin zero particles. It is obviously hoping to approach, on the most comprehensive level, to understand what really Higgs Boson is and what role-play Higgs Boson is acting in particle physics. As a "particle" of gravitational force, the spin interaction between 0h spin zero particle (Higgs Boson) and 2h spin particle (Graviton) is given, which maybea way that people would find Graviton in future.

What Causes Some People to be Left-handed,and Why Are Fewer People Left-handed than Right-handed?

为什么右手成为大多数人的优势手?为什么左撇子虽然是少数,但依然存在呢?一项医学研究显示,在双亲均为左撇子的家庭,子女是左撇子的机率为50％。另一个证据是,左撇子的比例在某些家族中明显高于一般家族,说明用手的偏爱与遗传直接相关。

Study on relationships of electromagnetic band gap structures and left/right handed structures

Two types of dual periodic circuits are introduced. The distributions of passbands and stopbands are generated from their dispersion relationships. Based on the study, Brillouin diagrams of three representative special cases are drawn; S parameters of these three cases are simulated by Aglient ADS; the S parameters of one of the three cases are verified by an experiment. The phase characteristics are compared with those generated from the dispersion relationship. The theoretical analysis and the experimental verification show that both types of the periodic structures can behave as electromagnetic band gap （EBG） structures, right-handed structures （RHS）, and left-handed structures （LHS）, when they operate at different frequency ranges. Thus, the possibility of a physical structure showing these three different characteristics at different frequency ranges is proven.

Pilot Study on Associating Pen Pressure with Pen Holding Position Using Three-Dimension Property of Stroke Indentation

Objectives:The author collected several samples with Chinese characters and utilized the 3D property of stroke indentation to explore how pen strokes left on the paper can assist with forensic investigation.Methods:We chose to collect the three-dimension property of handwriting strokes and analyze strokes indentation.In this study,the author extracted stroke indentation through focus variation microscopy as implemented by AB8000.Results and Conclusion:Upon experimenting with different types of pens and different writing surface,the author found that this result can tell with a great degree of certainty whether the sample is formed with a left-hand or right-hand writer and how the pen was being held.Although there are variations among the test results,the discovered pattern generally holds for different types of pens and writing surfaces,except that the result from using felt tip pens or extremely hard surfaces are less satisfactory.These findings are expected to be able to assist in narrowing down who wrote a certain handwriting sample.