Research on the Legal Framework of Content Regulations for Network Platforms

In the era of the Internet,various network platforms have evolved into new hubs for information dissemination.Currently,China has established a platform-centered content regulation framework,wherein platforms proactively enforce content regulations in accordance with legal censorship obligations.Additionally,platform policies and user agreements augment their authority in content regulation.The platforms can achieve cost-effective and highly efficient content regulation by leveraging their strategic advantages enabled by their own technical capabilities and extensive coverage.The platform self-regulation model,however,still faces challenges.First,accurately evaluating content remains a formidable task;second,ensuring effective platform publicity through self-regulation poses difficulties;third,users may potentially face disadvantages due to the platform’s right of self-regulation;and fourth,digital copyright owners face challenges when defending digital copyright disputes under the safe harbor rule.Therefore,it is imperative to establish,review,and revise the legal framework for content regulation of network platforms in order to enhance the efficiency of their governance systems.The formulation of the legal framework for content regulation of network platforms may encompass the following aspects:rationalizing obligations pertaining to platform content regulations,enhancing supervision over platform self-regulation,and establishing a dual-track responsibility system for digital copyright content regulation.This will ensure a harmonious balance among public interests,users’personal rights and interests,and commercial benefits through regulating the content on network platforms.

Research on Current Situation and Legal Regulation of Cosmetics Live Streaming E-commerce in China

Analyze the compatibility between cosmetics and live streaming e-commerce from its own nature,marketing means and supply chain characteristics.According to the prominent problems,sort out the relationship between all parties in the cosmetics live e-commerce industry chain.Combined with the latest regulatory policies of live streaming e-commerce and cosmetics,the responsibilities of different subjects in cosmetics live streaming e-commerce are summarized,and relevant suggestions and countermeasures are put forward for the standardization and development of live streaming e-commerce.Cosmetics brand owners are the first responsible persons for product quality.Anchors,as a mixed identity between intermediary,advertising spokesperson and operator,should bear stricter joint and several liability when recommending products related to consumers’health.If anchors fail to clearly identify themselves in the recommendation process,thus causing consumers to mistake them for the operator of the cosmetics,they should assume the obligations of the operator.

Research on Enterprise Legal Service Strategy Based on Compliance Management Optimization

With the background of enterprise compliance management,this paper discusses how to improve the level of enterprise legal service and reduce enterprise legal risks by optimizing the compliance management system.It aims to analyze the current situation and existing problems of enterprise legal services through the analysis of the importance of compliance management.Furthermore,it delves into the case of enterprise legal service strategy based on compliance management optimization to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of enterprise legal service strategy.

Preserving the Ozone Layers: Battling Illegal Trade in Ozone-Depleting Substances

The depletion of the ozone layer, a vital shield protecting the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, is now a worldwide environmental concern. Human activities, particularly the release of ozone depleting substances (ODS), have led to the thinning of this protective layer over recent decades. Simultaneously, illegal trade has emerged as a global challenge, giving rise to economic issues, losses of tax revenue, heightened criminal activities, health risks, and environmental hazards. The depletion of the ozone layer, a critical shield protecting the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, has become a global environmental concern. This paper delves into the legal dimensions surrounding ozone-depleting substances (ODS), their impact on the ozone layer, and the subsequent risk of skin cancer. As countries navigate international agreements, domestic regulations, and enforcement mechanisms, the intricate interplay between legal frameworks and the health implications of ozone layer depletion comes to the forefront. The paper highlights particular instances of illegal trade in ozone depleting substances, drawing from data reported by the parties to the Montreal Protocol. Notably, China stands out as a significant source of contraband ODS, with other countries such as Bulgaria, Lithuania, Poland, and France reporting numerous cases. Analyzing these case instances offers insights into the efficacy of legal frameworks and enforcement measures. The paper offers a comprehensive set of recommendations to strengthen global control and enforcement against the illegal trade of ozone depleting substances. These recommendations span diverse aspects such as production monitoring, customs collaboration, mutual verification, cross-border agreements, public-private partnerships, international cooperation, detection equipment, global regulatory standards, resource allocation, public awareness campaigns, alternative substance development, and controlling the trade at its source. By applying these recommendations and enhancing enforcement measures, we aim to protect the ozone layer and create a healthier and safer world for future generations and achieve sustainable development goals.

Exploration of Interdisciplinary Integration in Teaching Reform of Legal Studies and Auditing

This paper attempts to explore interdisciplinary integration from four aspects:the necessity of interdisciplinary integration between legal studies and auditing,the difficulties and challenges encountered in this integration,the ideas for teaching reform in the context of interdisciplinary integration,and the expected outcomes.The aim is to achieve an organic integration of legal studies and auditing through systematic teaching reforms,thereby providing students with comprehensive and integrated knowledge and skills training,ensuring the quality of talent cultivation,and adapting to the needs of social development.

Construction of Legal System of China's Farmland Protection under the Coexistence of Multiple Objectives:Historical Logic,Practical Problems and Optimization Paths

[Objectives]To explore the evolution of the legal system of farmland protection and explore the rules and characteristics of policy development based on the theory and logic of institutional change since China's reform and opening up,reveal the problems and deep-seated reasons of its legislation,clarify the direction of farmland protection in the new period,and solve the"non-agricultural""non-grain"and ecological problems of farmland.[Methods]Literature analysis and inductive deduction methods were used.[Results]The evolution of the farmland protection legal system has gone through the process of"national consciousness-policy guidelines-institutional system",the change from"single subject to multiple subjects";change from the use of"one-way administrative means to coordinated use of administrative,economic and technical means".The practical problems of the farmland protection legal system are mainly due to the insufficient systematization of the farmland protection legal system itself,the generalization of quantity protection,the transformation of quality protection,and the absence of ecological protection.[Conclusions]It is recommended to improve the existing farmland protection legal system from the establishment of the Farmland Protection Law,the improvement of the farmland protection public participation mechanism and supervision mechanism,the establishment of the farmland quality construction and improvement system,the differentiated farmland occupation and supplementation balance system,and the ecological restoration system.

具体犯罪保护法益的确定方法

在基本犯与加重犯的保护法益不同的情形下,应当分别确定基本犯与加重犯的保护法益。如果拟制罪名与基本罪名的构成要件不同,就不应按罪名确定保护法益,而应分别确定拟制罪名与基本罪名的保护法益。阻挡层法益与背后层法益是就不同犯罪或者基本犯与加重犯的关系而言,并不是任何具体犯罪的保护法益都包含阻挡层法益与背后层法益。应当根据法益主体与被害人同意或承诺的有效性等要素区分个人法益与公共法益,不应当在对个人法益的犯罪中随意添加公共法益内容,也不宜随意在对公共法益的犯罪中任意添加个人法益内容。此外,需要区分具体犯罪的保护法益与阻却违法性的优越利益,不应将阻却违法性的优越利益当作相关犯罪的保护法益。

Legal Protection of Human Rights in the Digital Era

Xi Jinping,General Secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee said that“We should insist that everyone is equal before the law,respect and protect human rights throughout all aspects of legislation,law enforcement,ju-diciary,and law-abiding,accelerate the improvement of a legal system that reflects fairness in rights,opportunities,and rules,so as to protect citizens’personal rights,property rights,and personality rights,to guarantee citizens’basic political rights such as participating in democratic elections,democratic consultations,democratic decision-making,democratic management,and democratic supervision,and to protect citizens’rights in various aspects such as economy,culture,society,and environment,continuously enhancing the protection of human rights based on the rule of law.”

个性化推荐算法的法律风险规制

信息爆发增长催生了个性化推荐算法技术的兴起。个性化推荐算法在解决信息过载和长尾问题、满足用户个性化需求、提高互联网信息服务效率的同时,也引发了用户意思自治受限、隐私泄露、信息茧房、算法歧视等诸多法律风险,亟需法律作出必要的回应。为此,应当在诚信原则、自主原则、公正原则、比例原则的指导下,树立开放的隐私保护观,强化算法告知义务与用户拒绝权利,完善算法解释权,构建算法审计制度,以降低个性化推荐算法所带来的法律风险。

Markets in crypto‑assets regulation:Does it provide legal certainty and increase adoption of crypto‑assets?

This study discusses the European Union’s proposal for a Regulation on Markets in Crypto-Assets,now subject to formal approval by the European Parliament.The objective is to explore whether it will positively impact the adoption of crypto-assets in the financial sector.The use of crypto-assets is growing.However,some stakeholders in the financial service sector remain skeptical and hesitant to adopt assets that are yet to be defined and have an unclear legal status.This regulatory uncertainty has been identified as the primary reason for the reluctant adoption.The proposed regulation(part of the EU’s Digital Finance Strategy)aims to provide this legal certainty for currently unregulated crypto-assets.This study investigates whether or not the proposed regulation can be expected to have the intended effect by reviewing the proposed regulation itself,the opinions and reactions of the various stakeholders,and secondary literature.Findings reveal that such regulation will most likely not accelerate the adoption of crypto-assets in the EU financial services sector,at least not sufficiently or as intended.Some suggestions are made to improve the proposal.

Impact of Mandatory Provisions on the Validity of Juristic Acts: A Path for Legal Policy Analysis

Contrary to the approach in judicial practice,Paragraph 1,Article 153,of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China,as a rule of invalidity for violating mandatory provisions,does not adopt a dichotomy towards mandatory provisions with effectiveness and administrative characteristics,yet it maintains the legislative philosophy of differentiation.It leaves unspecified whether mandatory provisions that do not explicitly render a juristic act invalid impact the act’s validity,entrusting this determination to the discretion of judges on a case-by-case basis.When judges,under the authority of Paragraph 1,Article 153 of the Civil Code,explore the normative intent of mandatory provisions to assess their effect on the validity of juristic acts,they should engage in legal policy analysis centered on consequence-based argumentation to overcome the limitations of norm typological analysis.This analysis employs a reasoning model predicated on the normative purpose,utilizing a consequencefocused interpretative approach for formulating and arguing propositions of rules applicable to pending cases,thereby arriving at case-specific conclusions.Since the invalidation of juristic acts serves as an auxiliary regulatory tool for the state economy and society,a consequence-oriented interpretation needs to be based on the idea of mutual instrumentalization of public and private laws.This entails predicting the outcomes of negating the validity of a juristic act in industrial regulatory scenarios and assessing these outcomes within the framework of public and private regulatory instruments.

法域协调视角下生成式人工智能产物涉知识产权问题研究——以ChatGPT为例

人类情感的表达是人类器官独有的自然反应,而并非是某种规则的产物。作品的认定应当包含作者的情感表达。现阶段的生成式人工智能并不具备情感表达能力,只是智能化程度更高的弱人工智能产品。其自身无法承担侵权责任,其生成物并不属于作品。随着科技的不断发展,带有情感的生成式强人工智能产品终有一天会被设计并投入使用,应对相关法律提前进行完善,以满足生成式强人工智能自身能够承担责任的需要。为了保证法律完善的顺利进行,应当坚持政策导向,并遵守法秩序统一性原则。具体完善路径包括:第一,肯定生成式强人工智能作为作者与被侵权人的主体地位;第二,应当明确生成式强人工智能在刑法上的地位,肯定其既可能成为刑法的犯罪主体,也能成为刑法中的被害人;第三,为生成式强人工智能设置专属的处罚方式。

关于破产保护法律制度的若干思考

破产保护法律制度中存在的理念认识问题,导致对破产法律保护制度的功能和作用产生误解。必须清晰认识到破产保护法律制度对社会主义市场经济建设的重要性。建立和完善破产保护法律制度,可以补齐当前我国社会主义市场经济制度的短板,可以为市场在资源配置中发挥决定性作用搭建工作平台,可以通过挽救危困企业和其他市场主体,稳住我国当前经济发展的基本盘,推动我国经济高质量健康发展。因此,要贯彻落实习近平法治思想,建立和完善我国个人破产保护法律制度、非法人组织破产保护法律制度、管理人制度、府院联动协调制度、执行与破产协调制度等破产保护法律制度体系,加强破产保护法律文化建设,发挥破产制度的功效。

数字经济时代数据安全风险防范体系之构建与优化

随着人工智能技术的发展,全球进入“数据驱动”时代,数据流动创造价值的同时也带来日趋严重的安全危机。针对以数据滥用、数据泄露、数据污染为代表的数据安全事件,亟须通过建立全面、科学、有效的数据安全风险防范体系加以解决。然而,数据的法律属性与权利归属在理论上尚未廓清,数据流通边界的界定、数据安全综合防御机制的建立、公权与私权的博弈、数据安全保护与数据开发利用之间的内在张力都在不同程度上影响和制约了数据安全风险防范体系的建构。通过明确数据共享的权责归属,健全数据流动安全保护机制以及建立数据全生命周期风险预警防御机制有助于深入探明数据安全保障的政策法制完善之路。

Improvement of the Legal System for Addressing the Issue of Elderly Care in China in the Context of Population Aging

Rapid population aging is a social reality facing China at present,and the issue of elderly care has become a hot topic of social concern.Legislation to address the issue of elderly care in the context of population aging should follow systematic concepts to achieve“vertical and horizontal integration.”In terms of content,it is necessary to formulate specific legal approaches around“the elderly and children,”with a focus on guaranteeing the livelihood and protection of the rights of the elderly while taking into account childbirth,employment and other issues.the laws should not only safeguard the social participation and labor rights of the elderly,but also effectively respond to the social challenges brought about by the aging of the population.It is also necessary to optimize the family planning policy to ease the burden of child-raising,improve the population structure and promote the long-term balanced development of the population,thus fundamentally solving the problem of population aging.the effort to improve the legal system to deal with the issue of elderly care in the context of population aging will better advance Chinese modernization.

论习近平法治思想与自主法学知识体系建构

习近平法治思想是建构中国自主法学知识体系的指导思想和理论基础,具有世界观和方法论指引功能、法学学科体系优化功能、法学范畴体系完善功能、法学理论体系创新功能。其中,世界观和方法论指引功能,体现为引领法学知识体系建构坚持实事求是、守正创新、推陈出新、融通中外、系统思维、胸怀天下等原则。法学学科体系优化功能,体现为推进法学基础学科转型升级、法学新兴学科创建发展、法学交叉学科发展、涉外法学学科完善。法学范畴体系完善功能,体现为推动完善法学基本范畴体系、公法学范畴体系、私法学范畴体系、程序法学范畴体系、涉外法学范畴体系。法学理论体系创新功能,体现为推动法律学、法治学、法理学的理论体系创新。

营商环境优化背景下的信用法治化研究

信用法治化是高水平的社会主义市场经济体制、国家法治化建设的必然要求,是优化营商环境的基础和重要组成部分。当前,各地都面临营商环境和社会信用体系建设的机遇和重大挑战。在市场和政府的双重推动下,我国应实现顶层设计从政策化向法治化的过渡,强化政务诚信、商务诚信,防范信用泛化,加强信用主体权益保护,完善以信用为核心的新型监管机制,强化信用服务机构的培育机制,加强信用环境塑造。完善社会信用法治体系,优化营商环境,实现经济社会的高质量发展。

Exploring euthanasia in Malta: an intersectional analysis of medical, legal, and ethical perspectives

This paper provides a comprehensive examination of euthanasia from various perspectives,including medical,legal,religious,philosophical,and moral.The study also explores the public perceptions and trends in Malta.The medical perspective analyses the benefits and risks of euthanasia and its impact on the healthcare system.The legal perspective discusses the legality of euthanasia in Malta and the potential legal implications of legalizing the practice.The religious perspective explores the beliefs of various religious groups in Malta,particularly Catholicism,on euthanasia.The philosophical perspective discusses the ethical and moral considerations of euthanasia.The paper also analyses the results of surveys conducted in Malta,examining the public’s attitudes towards euthanasia.Overall,the study provides a thorough analysis of euthanasia from various angles,shedding light on the complex and controversial nature of the topic.

《个人信息保护法》视角下的隐私保护方法设计研究:隐私告知及其对隐私不确定性的影响

要确保社会稳定和数字经济高质量发展,加强移动应用(App)的个人信息保护至关重要。本文以2021年11月施行的《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》作为缓解用户对个人信息被收集、使用与保护的不确定性的突破口,展开隐私保护方法设计研究。总结归纳《个人信息保护法》中App服务商需要告知用户的隐私相关信息,理解用户对这些隐私相关信息的偏好,据此提出并设计App下载阶段面向用户的隐私告知方法,并通过基于插图的实验方法展开三项研究,系统探究用户在App下载阶段感知的隐私不确定性,以及隐私告知对用户隐私不确定性和App下载意愿的影响机理。研究发现,在中国App应用中,用户普遍存在隐私不确定性,且用户感知的隐私不确定性具有情境依赖性,即在信息敏感度更高的移动应用环境下,用户感知的隐私不确定性更高。本文提出的隐私告知能够有效缓解用户感知的隐私不确定性,并且显著缓解隐私不确定性对App下载意愿的负向影响。

非法采矿罪的保护法益与违法性认定

非法采矿罪的保护法益包括国家对矿产资源的所有权、矿产资源的完好性及生态环境。其中,矿产资源所有权是本罪必然侵犯的法益,而矿产资源的完好性与生态环境可谓选择性法益。取得采矿许可证而开采的,原则上排除非法采矿罪的违法性,但特殊情况下也可能构成非法采矿罪;未取得采矿许可证而开采的,原则上构成非法采矿罪,特殊情况下也可能排除非法采矿罪的违法性。采矿许可(证)属于解禁性许可,行为人通过贿赂、欺骗等不正当手段取得采矿许可证而开采矿产资源的,并不阻却违法性,应构成非法采矿罪。但是基于具体行政行为的公定力,在程序上应当由作出采矿许可决定的行政机关或其上级行政机关撤销许可后,司法机关方可认定为非法采矿罪。