Research on the Legal Framework of Content Regulations for Network Platforms

In the era of the Internet,various network platforms have evolved into new hubs for information dissemination.Currently,China has established a platform-centered content regulation framework,wherein platforms proactively enforce content regulations in accordance with legal censorship obligations.Additionally,platform policies and user agreements augment their authority in content regulation.The platforms can achieve cost-effective and highly efficient content regulation by leveraging their strategic advantages enabled by their own technical capabilities and extensive coverage.The platform self-regulation model,however,still faces challenges.First,accurately evaluating content remains a formidable task;second,ensuring effective platform publicity through self-regulation poses difficulties;third,users may potentially face disadvantages due to the platform’s right of self-regulation;and fourth,digital copyright owners face challenges when defending digital copyright disputes under the safe harbor rule.Therefore,it is imperative to establish,review,and revise the legal framework for content regulation of network platforms in order to enhance the efficiency of their governance systems.The formulation of the legal framework for content regulation of network platforms may encompass the following aspects:rationalizing obligations pertaining to platform content regulations,enhancing supervision over platform self-regulation,and establishing a dual-track responsibility system for digital copyright content regulation.This will ensure a harmonious balance among public interests,users’personal rights and interests,and commercial benefits through regulating the content on network platforms.

Research on Current Situation and Legal Regulation of Cosmetics Live Streaming E-commerce in China

Analyze the compatibility between cosmetics and live streaming e-commerce from its own nature,marketing means and supply chain characteristics.According to the prominent problems,sort out the relationship between all parties in the cosmetics live e-commerce industry chain.Combined with the latest regulatory policies of live streaming e-commerce and cosmetics,the responsibilities of different subjects in cosmetics live streaming e-commerce are summarized,and relevant suggestions and countermeasures are put forward for the standardization and development of live streaming e-commerce.Cosmetics brand owners are the first responsible persons for product quality.Anchors,as a mixed identity between intermediary,advertising spokesperson and operator,should bear stricter joint and several liability when recommending products related to consumers’health.If anchors fail to clearly identify themselves in the recommendation process,thus causing consumers to mistake them for the operator of the cosmetics,they should assume the obligations of the operator.

Research on Enterprise Legal Service Strategy Based on Compliance Management Optimization

With the background of enterprise compliance management,this paper discusses how to improve the level of enterprise legal service and reduce enterprise legal risks by optimizing the compliance management system.It aims to analyze the current situation and existing problems of enterprise legal services through the analysis of the importance of compliance management.Furthermore,it delves into the case of enterprise legal service strategy based on compliance management optimization to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of enterprise legal service strategy.

Exploration of Interdisciplinary Integration in Teaching Reform of Legal Studies and Auditing

This paper attempts to explore interdisciplinary integration from four aspects:the necessity of interdisciplinary integration between legal studies and auditing,the difficulties and challenges encountered in this integration,the ideas for teaching reform in the context of interdisciplinary integration,and the expected outcomes.The aim is to achieve an organic integration of legal studies and auditing through systematic teaching reforms,thereby providing students with comprehensive and integrated knowledge and skills training,ensuring the quality of talent cultivation,and adapting to the needs of social development.

Legal Protection of Human Rights in the Digital Era

Xi Jinping,General Secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee said that“We should insist that everyone is equal before the law,respect and protect human rights throughout all aspects of legislation,law enforcement,ju-diciary,and law-abiding,accelerate the improvement of a legal system that reflects fairness in rights,opportunities,and rules,so as to protect citizens’personal rights,property rights,and personality rights,to guarantee citizens’basic political rights such as participating in democratic elections,democratic consultations,democratic decision-making,democratic management,and democratic supervision,and to protect citizens’rights in various aspects such as economy,culture,society,and environment,continuously enhancing the protection of human rights based on the rule of law.”

个性化推荐算法的法律风险规制

信息爆发增长催生了个性化推荐算法技术的兴起。个性化推荐算法在解决信息过载和长尾问题、满足用户个性化需求、提高互联网信息服务效率的同时,也引发了用户意思自治受限、隐私泄露、信息茧房、算法歧视等诸多法律风险,亟需法律作出必要的回应。为此,应当在诚信原则、自主原则、公正原则、比例原则的指导下,树立开放的隐私保护观,强化算法告知义务与用户拒绝权利,完善算法解释权,构建算法审计制度,以降低个性化推荐算法所带来的法律风险。

Markets in crypto‑assets regulation:Does it provide legal certainty and increase adoption of crypto‑assets?

This study discusses the European Union’s proposal for a Regulation on Markets in Crypto-Assets,now subject to formal approval by the European Parliament.The objective is to explore whether it will positively impact the adoption of crypto-assets in the financial sector.The use of crypto-assets is growing.However,some stakeholders in the financial service sector remain skeptical and hesitant to adopt assets that are yet to be defined and have an unclear legal status.This regulatory uncertainty has been identified as the primary reason for the reluctant adoption.The proposed regulation(part of the EU’s Digital Finance Strategy)aims to provide this legal certainty for currently unregulated crypto-assets.This study investigates whether or not the proposed regulation can be expected to have the intended effect by reviewing the proposed regulation itself,the opinions and reactions of the various stakeholders,and secondary literature.Findings reveal that such regulation will most likely not accelerate the adoption of crypto-assets in the EU financial services sector,at least not sufficiently or as intended.Some suggestions are made to improve the proposal.

Impact of Mandatory Provisions on the Validity of Juristic Acts: A Path for Legal Policy Analysis

Contrary to the approach in judicial practice,Paragraph 1,Article 153,of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China,as a rule of invalidity for violating mandatory provisions,does not adopt a dichotomy towards mandatory provisions with effectiveness and administrative characteristics,yet it maintains the legislative philosophy of differentiation.It leaves unspecified whether mandatory provisions that do not explicitly render a juristic act invalid impact the act’s validity,entrusting this determination to the discretion of judges on a case-by-case basis.When judges,under the authority of Paragraph 1,Article 153 of the Civil Code,explore the normative intent of mandatory provisions to assess their effect on the validity of juristic acts,they should engage in legal policy analysis centered on consequence-based argumentation to overcome the limitations of norm typological analysis.This analysis employs a reasoning model predicated on the normative purpose,utilizing a consequencefocused interpretative approach for formulating and arguing propositions of rules applicable to pending cases,thereby arriving at case-specific conclusions.Since the invalidation of juristic acts serves as an auxiliary regulatory tool for the state economy and society,a consequence-oriented interpretation needs to be based on the idea of mutual instrumentalization of public and private laws.This entails predicting the outcomes of negating the validity of a juristic act in industrial regulatory scenarios and assessing these outcomes within the framework of public and private regulatory instruments.

Construction of Legal System of China's Farmland Protection under the Coexistence of Multiple Objectives:Historical Logic,Practical Problems and Optimization Paths

[Objectives]To explore the evolution of the legal system of farmland protection and explore the rules and characteristics of policy development based on the theory and logic of institutional change since China's reform and opening up,reveal the problems and deep-seated reasons of its legislation,clarify the direction of farmland protection in the new period,and solve the"non-agricultural""non-grain"and ecological problems of farmland.[Methods]Literature analysis and inductive deduction methods were used.[Results]The evolution of the farmland protection legal system has gone through the process of"national consciousness-policy guidelines-institutional system",the change from"single subject to multiple subjects";change from the use of"one-way administrative means to coordinated use of administrative,economic and technical means".The practical problems of the farmland protection legal system are mainly due to the insufficient systematization of the farmland protection legal system itself,the generalization of quantity protection,the transformation of quality protection,and the absence of ecological protection.[Conclusions]It is recommended to improve the existing farmland protection legal system from the establishment of the Farmland Protection Law,the improvement of the farmland protection public participation mechanism and supervision mechanism,the establishment of the farmland quality construction and improvement system,the differentiated farmland occupation and supplementation balance system,and the ecological restoration system.

具体犯罪保护法益的确定方法

在基本犯与加重犯的保护法益不同的情形下,应当分别确定基本犯与加重犯的保护法益。如果拟制罪名与基本罪名的构成要件不同,就不应按罪名确定保护法益,而应分别确定拟制罪名与基本罪名的保护法益。阻挡层法益与背后层法益是就不同犯罪或者基本犯与加重犯的关系而言,并不是任何具体犯罪的保护法益都包含阻挡层法益与背后层法益。应当根据法益主体与被害人同意或承诺的有效性等要素区分个人法益与公共法益,不应当在对个人法益的犯罪中随意添加公共法益内容,也不宜随意在对公共法益的犯罪中任意添加个人法益内容。此外,需要区分具体犯罪的保护法益与阻却违法性的优越利益,不应将阻却违法性的优越利益当作相关犯罪的保护法益。

Improvement of the Legal System for Addressing the Issue of Elderly Care in China in the Context of Population Aging

Rapid population aging is a social reality facing China at present,and the issue of elderly care has become a hot topic of social concern.Legislation to address the issue of elderly care in the context of population aging should follow systematic concepts to achieve“vertical and horizontal integration.”In terms of content,it is necessary to formulate specific legal approaches around“the elderly and children,”with a focus on guaranteeing the livelihood and protection of the rights of the elderly while taking into account childbirth,employment and other issues.the laws should not only safeguard the social participation and labor rights of the elderly,but also effectively respond to the social challenges brought about by the aging of the population.It is also necessary to optimize the family planning policy to ease the burden of child-raising,improve the population structure and promote the long-term balanced development of the population,thus fundamentally solving the problem of population aging.the effort to improve the legal system to deal with the issue of elderly care in the context of population aging will better advance Chinese modernization.

论习近平法治思想与自主法学知识体系建构

习近平法治思想是建构中国自主法学知识体系的指导思想和理论基础,具有世界观和方法论指引功能、法学学科体系优化功能、法学范畴体系完善功能、法学理论体系创新功能。其中,世界观和方法论指引功能,体现为引领法学知识体系建构坚持实事求是、守正创新、推陈出新、融通中外、系统思维、胸怀天下等原则。法学学科体系优化功能,体现为推进法学基础学科转型升级、法学新兴学科创建发展、法学交叉学科发展、涉外法学学科完善。法学范畴体系完善功能,体现为推动完善法学基本范畴体系、公法学范畴体系、私法学范畴体系、程序法学范畴体系、涉外法学范畴体系。法学理论体系创新功能,体现为推动法律学、法治学、法理学的理论体系创新。

Exploring euthanasia in Malta: an intersectional analysis of medical, legal, and ethical perspectives

This paper provides a comprehensive examination of euthanasia from various perspectives,including medical,legal,religious,philosophical,and moral.The study also explores the public perceptions and trends in Malta.The medical perspective analyses the benefits and risks of euthanasia and its impact on the healthcare system.The legal perspective discusses the legality of euthanasia in Malta and the potential legal implications of legalizing the practice.The religious perspective explores the beliefs of various religious groups in Malta,particularly Catholicism,on euthanasia.The philosophical perspective discusses the ethical and moral considerations of euthanasia.The paper also analyses the results of surveys conducted in Malta,examining the public’s attitudes towards euthanasia.Overall,the study provides a thorough analysis of euthanasia from various angles,shedding light on the complex and controversial nature of the topic.

An Empirical Study on the Differences between Overt Translation and Covert Translation in Legal

Currently,it is key to convey precise meanings to readers for translators.Observing expressing habits between different languages is the precondition to make target texts more readable.It is crucial to ensure the exactness and seriousness of legal texts,but it does not mean that translators have to take machined way to leave out and even give up transmitting in-deep cultural implications for the intention of achieving the all-inclusive integrity of target content.It is a correct choice for translators to take overt translation and covert translation in line with traits of source language and target language and differences between civil law system and common law system.The intention of the article is to make an empirical study between overt translation and covert translation.

先合法性后合宪性审查之理论误区

作为“穷尽法律救济途径”的变体,“先合法性后合宪性审查”是司法中心主义宪法实施思维之余韵,虽然蕴含着极为重要的法律命题,但不适用于我国最高国家权力机关宪法监督之备案审查。“法秩序统一”而非主观权利宪法监督模式决定合法性与合宪性审查没有先后之别,抽象审查决定这一顺位缺乏宪法基础,最高国家权力机关监督体制意味其没有宪法空间,法律适用原则决定“没有上位法”亦为伪问题。法治要求“法”突破法律实证主义桎梏,维护党中央权威和国家法治统一;民主集中制要求备案审查“不得回避法律判断”。是故,作为一个假言命题,这一审查原则因前提条件不存在而不能成立。

人工智能司法应用法律风险及法治应对

2022年11月底,OpenAI发布ChatGPT;2024年2月16日,OpenAI又发布了Sora,呼啸而过的科技带来的是一个新时代。人工智能的司法应用在辅助机制方面确有实际效用,但也引发了算法不透明、决策权重配置、裁判规则僵化、对司法权威的损害等诸多司法实践难题。法律风险需要法治应对:首先,数据隐私和安全需建立严格保护机制;其次,人工智能决策可能不透明和不公正,需要可解释性和透明性技术确保公正;再次,人工智能可能存在歧视和偏见问题,需要数据治理和审查减少影响;最后,人工智能应用可能挑战司法程序的公正和人权保护,需通过法律和伦理规范解决。应当坚持司法主体责任,允许实验性设置决策权重,保持制衡并强化人机交互决策制度在人工智能司法中的体系定位,力求扩大和完善人工智能司法应用的制度功能与法律规范供给。

中国民法典评注:理论基础与愿景使命

当代对于大陆法系产生深远影响的法律评注兴起于德国。典型的法律评注作品根据法典的结构和顺序展开法律的逐条评释,以解释说明现行法及其适用为目的。与此不同,法学教科书以阐述法学基本原理为宗旨,侧重学术讨论;立法释义书以说明立法目的为主,但缺少司法裁判规则的整理和归纳。一部理想的法律评注,应当汇集和整合制定法、法学理论和司法裁判,体系地反映现行法的状况。法律评注与法教义学具有同构共生的关系,是法教义学的重要载体。法律评注比法教义学更加依赖实证法,当代编撰中国民法典评注的条件已经基本具备。编撰中国民法典评注应当融合法教义学与司法实务,注重体系思维与论题思维的互补。民法典评注的完成,将对我国民法教学事业和民法学术话语体系的建设起到至关重要的作用。在当今信息科技日新月异发展的时代,法律评注在专业分析、知识创新、价值判断等方面具有相对的优势,暂时不会被人工智能所取代。

ChatGPT的法律人格认定与生成内容性质探讨

随着ChatGPT的广泛运用,关于人工智能的法律问题探讨再次成为舆论焦点。根据ChatGPT系统与人类互动生成相应文字内容的特性,ChatGPT生成内容是否受《著作权法》保护问题备受争议。探讨该问题,有两个不可或缺的前提要件,即ChatGPT是否具有法律人格及其生成内容能否被认定为作品,以此确定其是否应受《著作权法》保护。文本认为,ChatGPT尚不具备法律主体资格,在ChatGPT生成内容被认定为作品对其进行保护时,应明确ChatGPT使用者作为生成内容的著作权主体,通过加强对ChatGPT著作权主体的监管实现对其生成内容的规制,以此加快推进人工智能法治化进程。

新时代推进高等教育高质量发展的法治化路径探析

党的二十大报告提出,高质量发展是新时代改革发展的新目标,也是中国教育现代化建设的新方向。要实现高等教育高质量发展,必须坚持党的全面领导,加强高等教育法治化建设,着重厘清政府、高校、社会三大主体的权责和相互权责关系,实现高教治理主体的多元形态、系统完备的法律制度体系、有效合理的协同治理结构,落实依法治教方针。推进高等教育法治化进程,需要正视面临的新问题,深化高等教育体制改革,最大程度激发高校自主办学的主动性与创新性,为实现高等教育高质量发展提供理想环境条件。

高校图书馆应用ChatGPT的前景、法律困境和因应之策

[目的/意义]通过对高校图书馆应用ChatGPT的前景、法律困境和对策研究,为更好利用新技术发展成果助推图书馆高质量发展提供有益借鉴。[方法/过程]结合ChatGPT的技术特点和高校图书馆的业务工作情况,探究ChatGPT赋能高校图书馆建设的应用场景,探讨图书馆应用ChatGPT的法律困境,并探寻因应之策。[结果/结论]ChatGPT可在资源建设、参考咨询、学科情报、古籍智能处理、智能知识服务等方面提供科技助力。应用ChatGPT的法律困境包括访问困境、知识产权共同侵权风险、生成内容权利归属不明、个人信息及隐私保护瑕疵等,可采取申请特殊访问信道、使用同类替代产品、拟制知识产权侵权责任分担条款、约定生成信息权利归属以及有效履行告知义务等措施。