Blue Paper on the Role of Chinese Trade Unions in Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers 2004 (Excerpt)

During the course of 2004, the Chinese trade unions earnestly implemented their strategy of ＂Organizing for Better Protection,＂ steppedup efforts to regulate industrial relations, effectively defended the legitimate rights and interests of workers.

Blue Paper on the Role of Chinese Trade Unions in Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers (2005)(Excerpt)

EDITOR＇S NOTE： All China Federation of Trade Unions （ACFTU） has recently published Blue Paper on the Role of Chinese Trade Unions in Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers （2005）, which consist of 11 parts： preserve the correct orientation of Chinese trade unions as a protector of workers＇ legitimate rights and interests; protect workers＇ right to join and form trade union; organize and represent workers to exercise the right to equal consultation; protect workers＇ labor and economic rights; guarantee workers＇ democratic and political rights; fulfill workers＇ spiritual and cultural needs; actively participate in adjusting labor relations and handling labor disputes; protect migrant workers＇ legitimate rights and interests; promote gender equality and protect women workers＇ special rights and interests; take innovations in the way trade unions protect workers; and mobilize and organize workers to play the role of the working class as the main force in economic construction, and the following is an abstracted edition of it.

Migrant Workers' Lack of Cultural Rights and Interests and Government Safeguard Measures

This paper analyses the status quo of migrant workers' lack of cultural rights and interests as follows:the holistic cultural life of migrant workers is scant and monotonous;the cultural facilities provided by the majority of enterprises are critically short;the cultural life of migrant workers has the characteristic of closeness to some extent;the holistic cultural consuming capacity of migrant workers is very low,and they are not satisfied with their own cultural life.This paper puts forward the measures that the government should adopt to make up for the lack of migrant workers' cultural rights and interests as follows:first,it should eliminate discrimination in terms of system,and incorporate migrant workers' cultural rights and interests into the building scope of urban public culture;second,it should establish a variety of free public culture facilities,to adapt to the needs of migrant workers;third,it should formulate various kinds of laws and regulations,to effectively safeguard migrant workers' cultural rights and interests.

Safeguarding Farmer Workers' Rights and Interests——An interview with Ye Jingyi, professor of Beijing University Law School

Farmer workers are a new powerful workforce that has sprung up amid China＇s reform and door opening and in the process of the country＇s industrialization and urbanization. They have made great contributions to urban prosperity, rural development and their country＇s modernization. At present, however, farmer workers face numerous difficulties and problems in income, work safety, social security, vocational training, the schooling of their children and living conditions. To safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmer workers, the State Council in March 2006 issued Ideas of the State Council on Solving Farmer Workers-related Problems. In the document, the State Council promises to strengthen and improve leadership over work regarding farmer workers and prioritize the solving of farmer workers-related problems.

Revision of Trade Union Law: For Better Protection of Workers' Rights and Interests

On October 27, 2001, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress adopted a decision on revision of the People's Republic of China Trade Union Law. Guan Huai, legal advisor to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, had the following to say in an interview with the Human Rights:

Chinese Trade Unions Strive to Protect Workers' Rights and Interests in Dealing with the Global Financial Crisis

Protecting the rights and interests of workers and staff members constitutes an important aspect of China＇s human rights protection. At the time when the country is dealing with impacts of the global financial crisis, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions has been working fruitfully and effectively to accelerate economic and social development and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers, therefore making contributions to the protection of the rights and interests of Chinese workers. Now I would like to make a brief introduction on this subject.

Zhejiang Keen to Protect Migrant Workers' Rights and Interests

EDITOR＇S NOTE： FoUowing are some of the stories about how migrant workers＇ rights and interests are protected in Zhejiang, one of the best developed province on the Chinese mainland. Through interviews with more than 100 migrant workers in the province, we found that migrant workers there enjoy equal treatment as their counterparts registered as urban residents, and that their rights and interests are effectively protected.

劳动关系微分化视角下网约工劳动权益的法律保障

在算法技术与平台经济相得益彰共同推进数字经济向纵深方向发展的过程中,劳动关系日益呈现出微分化的演化趋势,使得以网约工为代表的新业态从业人员陷入了“身份不明确”的主体性危机与“权益保障难”的双重困境,不仅对传统的劳动从属基础性理论提出了新的挑战,而且也日益凸显现行法律制度供给不足的现状。基于网约工群体经济从属性、人格从属性与组织从属性微分化趋势之系统理论分析,科学审视与证成微分化视阈下具有劳动从属性的网约工“第三类劳动者”之身份,并将“内在经济与人格从属程度的差距均以外在劳动量的差别为表现形式”这一从属性微分化之核心作为识别与判定标准,对具有不同强度从属性的“第三类劳动者”给予不同程度的劳动法倾斜保护,希冀能平衡平台经济有序发展与网约工劳动权益合法保障之间的关系,为健全和完善我国劳动法律制度体系提供符合数字经济内在运行规律的科学立法选择。

代位清偿制度释论

代位清偿制度的正当性在于,在债权人、债务人的实际利益不受负面影响的情况下,第三人对于债务履行的合法利益优于债务关系不被他人介入的利益。作为核心要件,合法利益原则上指法律利益,例外地也涵盖第三人与债务人或债务关系有密切关联、从而有事实利益的情形。法律利益可分为保存权利、实现债权、避免纯粹经济损失、维护民事活动四大类型,相应的第三人有物上保证人、普通债权人、承租人、连环交易的后手、共有人、股东等具体类别。在法律后果方面,对担保权移转、债务人是否担责两个重要问题应采如是立场:物上保证人、担保财产受让人代位清偿后能否随同债权取得担保权须区分情形判断;倘第三人提出履行而未履行或者履行不适当,债务人原则上仍应担责。

工程建设领域农民工工资支付保障的组态分析

工资权益保障直接关系到农民工的切身利益以及社会的公平与稳定,是政府与学界共同关注的焦点。本文搜集了我国31个省级地方政府在工程建设领域针对农民工工资的相关政策文本,基于组态视角,运用模糊集定性比较分析方法,探究了农民工工资支付的政策措施对地方政府提升农民工工资权益保障水平的联动效应。通过分析不同组态下的案例,得出了多种高权益保障水平和低权益保障水平的构型。结合我国中、东、西部地区的异质性分析,发现农民工工资保障水平的提升需要不同政策措施的有机组合,并且不同地区农民工工资保障水平的驱动路径存在显著差异。因此,政府需要结合自身实际情况,因地制宜地制定相关政策,以提升农民工的工资权益保障水平。

违法建筑上合法权益的行政赔偿研究

违法建筑不为我国法律所认可,但其在强制拆除过程中存在部分符合我国法律规定的合法权益。违法强拆侵害行政相对人合法权益应予行政赔偿,赔偿范围包括可回收利用建筑材料、建筑材料的损失扩大、室内物品及行政相对人信赖利益损失。违法强拆侵害合法权益应予行政赔偿具有法理支撑,具体可从行政赔偿功能、以人为本的执法理念、行政赔偿归责原则及职务侵权行为的应责性四个方面证成。违法建筑认定绝对化、贵重物品举证难、赔偿惩戒性不足及赔偿执行难度大成为违法强拆行政赔偿的实践难题。为充分保障行政相对人合法权益,可从综合考虑认定违法建筑、做好拆除证据收集、增强赔偿惩戒性及对赔偿义务机关依法强制执行等方面探索完善行政赔偿的路径。

利益平衡视角下的股东查阅权落实路径

股东查阅权源于股东财产权保护,以及股东与公司管理层的受托关系。查阅权有利于股东更好行使股东权利和监督公司经营管理。查阅权既有自益权属性,更有共益权属性。查阅权行使需要平衡股东知情权与公司经营权的关系。《公司法》强化股东权利保护,允许有限责任公司股东查阅会计凭证,并相应增加股份有限公司股东查阅会计账簿、会计凭证的规定。《公司法》增加股东查阅全资子公司相关材料的规定,增加股东查阅、复制相关材料应遵守相关法律的规定。为更好落实股东查阅权,同时平衡股东权利保护和公司利益保护的关系,应当根据查阅客体的敏感程度设置不同的举证责任和查阅方式。将正当目的作为平衡股东与公司利益的程序性限制,查阅的范围限于实现查阅目的的必要范围。将有限责任公司股东查阅权作为股东行使监督权尤其是制约控股股东滥用股东权利的重要手段。

网络著作权强保护下的用户合法权益保护

网络著作权保护呈现强保护特征,主要表现为网络著作权执法力度的加强,不仅通过技术保护措施和信息披露制度为著作权人层层“加码”,还通过通知—屏蔽制度、内容审核补救措施多元化、算法执行推动网络服务提供者著作权保护责任不断加重。网络著作权的过度保护也存在着一些风险隐患,网络用户的合法权益面临侵害之虞,合理使用权利、言论自由权利、隐私权和个人数据保护权都受到不同程度的侵害和忽视。侵权情形的出现多数情况下与网络服务提供者有关,因此有必要对网络服务提供者的行为进行规制。应在公平平衡原则基础上,完善相关法律,推进技术进步,以维护著作权人、网络服务提供者和网络用户、社会公众之间的利益平衡。

第一代农民工养老保险权益损失及其补偿路径研究

第一代农民工为我国的社会主义现代化建设做出了巨大贡献,但其养老保险权益因种种原因遭受不同程度的损失,这些损失主要体现为参与损失、退出损失和转移损失三种典型样态,它们是政府部门、用人单位以及第一代农民工等主要责任主体共同作用的结果。因此,应当以中央政府推动与地方利益协调为总体思路,采取明确中央与地方政府在第一代农民工养老保险补偿中的责任内容、建立第一代农民工养老保险补偿基金、制定科学合理的补偿标准以及完善养老保险制度等一系列措施,以有效补偿第一代农民工的养老保险权益损失,促进社会公平与正义。

Probe into liquidated damages and dismissal wage in Labor Contract Law

《劳动合同法》在立法过程中引起了劳动者、用人单位的广泛关注。从最终的立法文本中我们看到了诸多的制度创新，分析这些制度创新对于充分理解和贯彻执行《劳动合同法》具有重要的意义。本文将结合劳动合同法的立法理念对新确立的合同违约金制度和劳动补偿金制度进行分析，并提出今后完善立法的几点建议。

数字经济下新就业形态劳动者权益保障研究

新就业形态是指劳动者通过互联网平台获得就业机会,进行相关工作,换取相应报酬的一种就业形态,是数字经济深入发展的产物。现行法律法规在保障新就业形态劳动者权益方面存在诸多问题,主要表现为劳动用工关系难确定、劳动者法律地位不明确、权益保障内容不具体等现实性问题。为了更好地保护新业态劳动者的合法权益,一方面需要明晰其法律地位,厘清劳动关系;另一方面可尝试将其作为特殊群体给予特别保护,通过“概括+举例”的方式完善职业安全、休息休假、竞业限制方面的立法,以法促建,推进新就业形态的健康可持续发展。

超龄劳动者劳动权益保护法律适用研究

超龄劳动者劳动权益保护纠纷是劳动人事争议中的重要案件类型,妥善解决与否直接关系到积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的落实。审判实践中,存在超龄劳动者用工关系性质认定不一、工伤认定难、缴纳社会保险难等问题。面对实践中的疑难问题,超龄劳动者劳动权益保护纠纷裁判规则可作出如下调整:首先,此类劳动者在劳动报酬、工作时间、休息休假、劳动安全卫生、工伤保险待遇等方面适用劳动基准。其次,《劳动合同法》第44条规定的“开始依法享受基本养老保险待遇”仅指职工基本养老保险待遇。最后,用人单位在劳动者享受基本养老保险待遇、达到退休年龄的情况下终止劳动合同,不承担支付赔偿金的责任,应否支付经济补偿可视其是否存在《劳动合同法》第38条规定情形进行类型化的分析和裁量。

优化生育背景下江苏省女职工职业发展和权益保障状况调查与分析

通过针对江苏省女职工生产生活的新变化、新特点,特别是职业发展和权益保障中遇到的新情况、新问题进行调研分析,发现目前女职工职业发展状况、劳动、就业等方面中还存在一些问题。对此,我们可以通过全面提升女职工综合素质,造就适应新时代发展要求的女职工队伍;加大维权力度,进一步保障女职工合法权益和特殊利益不受侵害;推进家庭友好型工作场所建设,帮助女职工平衡工作与家庭等建议与对策,从而推动女职工在国家优化生育政策下的择业、就业、职业发展和劳动保障等各个方面得到公平对待。

《体育法》修订背景下公民体育权证成的三重路径

新修订的《体育法》保障了公民参与体育活动的权益,但并未明确界定公民体育权及其权能范畴,学者们对体育权是权利泛化下的虚构概念还是公民应享有的权利仍存在分歧。研究认为,从权利的运行逻辑出发公民体育权可以从三重路径证成:(1)公民体育权具有道德正当性,权利的实现能增进公民身心健康、保障人性尊严、促进社会发展、增强群体凝聚力和文化认同感;(2)宪法中的体育条款是国家发展体育事业的政策宣示,概括性条款是体育法体系确认权利的宪法依据,《体育法》明确规定了公民的体育参与权,这些法规范证成了公民体育权的合法性;(3)国家是公民体育权实有化的主要义务主体,应履行尊重、给付与保护三重义务。在此基础上,体育法体系应明确公民体育权的权能范畴,强化公民体育权实现的义务保障,实现体育法由管理型立法向维权型立法转变。